Muscles Flashcards by Sydney McKenney

Cervical muscles

Trapezius muscle

Origin- occipital bone, cervical and thoracic regions
Insertion- clavicle and scapula
Action- lift the clavicle and scapula- when shoulder shrug
Innervation- 11thCN/ accessory, 3rd and 4th cervical nerve

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Sternocleidomastoid

Origin- clavicle and sternum
Insertion- mastoid process of temporal bone
Action- one: head and neck bends to the same side. Face and neck rotate to opposite side. Both- head will flex
Innervation- 11th/ accessory nerve

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Muscles of facial expression

Epicranial

Origin: FB-Epicranial aponeurosis
OB-occipital and temporal bones 
Insertion: FB- eyebrow and root of nose
OB- Epicranial aponeurosis 
Action- surprise, raise eyebrows
Innervation: 7thCN/facial

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Muscles of facial expression

Orbicularis Oculi

Origin: orbital rim, frontal&maxillary bones
Insertion- lateral region of the eye, some encircle eye
Action- closing eyelid
Innervation- 7thCN/facial

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Muscles of facial expression

Corrugator Supercilii

Origin- frontal bone
Insertion- eyebrow
Action- frowning
Innervation- 7thCN/facial

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Muscles of facial expression

orbicularis oris

Origin- encircle mouth
Insertion- angle of the mouth
Action- closing or pursing lips-grimacing and pouting
Innervation- 7thCN/facial

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Muscles of facial expression Buccinator

Origin- max, mand & pterygomandibular raphe
Insertion- angle of the mouth
Action- chewing
Innervation-7thCN/facial

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Muscles of facial expression

Risorius

Origin- fascia superficial to the master muscle
Insertion- angle of the mouth
Action- stretching lips
Innervation- 7thCN/facial

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Muscles of facial expression

Levator Labii Superioris

Origin- maxilla
Insertion- upper lip
Action- raising upper lip
Innervation- 7th cranial nerve/facial

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Muscles of facial expression

Levator Labii Suoerioris Alaeque Nasi

Origin- maxilla
Insertion- aka of nose and upper lip
Action- raising upper lip and dilating nostrils in a sneer
Innervation-7thCN/facial

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Muscles of facial expression

Zygomaticus Major

Origin- zygomatic bone
Insertion- angle of the mouth
Action- smiling
Innervation- 7thCN/facial

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Muscles of facial expression

Zygomaticus Minor

Origin- zygomatic bone
Insertion- upper lip
Action- raising upper lip
Innervation- 7thCN/facial

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Muscles of facial expression

Levator Anguli Oris

Origin- maxilla
Insertion- angle of the mouth
Action- smiling
Innervation- 7thCN/facial

(Between zygomaticus major and minor)

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Muscles of facial expression

Depressor Anguli Oris

Origin-mandible
Insertion- angle of the mouth
Action-frowning
Innervation- 7thCN/facial

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Muscles of facial expression

Depressor Labii Inferioris

Origin- mandible
Insertion- lower lip
Action- lowering lower lip
Innervation- 7thCN/facial

(Under depressor Anguli Oris)

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Muscles of facial expression

Mentalis

Origin -mandible
insertion- chin
action- raising chin and protruding lower lip
innervation- 7th cranial nerve/facial

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Muscles of facial expression

platysma muscle

Origin -clavicle and shoulder
insertion -mandible and muscles of the mouth
action-grimacing
innervation- 7th cranial nerve/facial

Muscles of mastication

masseter

Origin- SH: anterior 2/3 of lower border of zygomatic arch
DH: posterior 1/3 & medial surface of zygomatic arch
Insertion- SH: angle of mandible
DH: Ramos of mandible
Action- elevation of mandible during jaw closing
Innervation- mandibular division of the 5th CN/trigeminal

Muscles of mastication

Temporalis muscle

Origin- temporal fossa
Insertion- cottonwood process of mandible
Action- elevation of mandible during jaw closing. Retraction of mandible lower jaw backward.
Innervation- mandibular division of the 5thCN/trigeminal

Muscles of mastication

Medial pterygoid muscle

Origin- SH: Pyramidal process of palatine bone & maxillary tuberosity
DH: lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
Insertion- medial surface of Ramos and angle of mandible
Action- elevation of mandible during jaw closing
Innervation- mandibular division of the 5thCN/ trigeminal

Muscles of mastication

Lateral pterygoid muscle

Origin- SH: greater wing of sphenoid bone IH: lateral pterygoid plate from sphenoid bone
Insertion- SH: pterygoid fovea of mandible
IH: tempomandibular joint disc and capsule
Action- IH: slight depression of mandible
One muscle- lateral division of mand
Both muscles- protrusion of mand
Innervation- mandibular division of the 5thCN/ trigeminal

Hyoid muscles- suprahyoid

Digastric

Origin- AB: intermediate tendon.
PB: mastoid notch of Temporal bone
Insertion- AB: medial surface of mandible
PB: intermediate tendon
Action- elevates the hyoid bone and depress the mandible
Innervation- AB: mylohyoid nerve (branch of 5thCN/trigeminal)
PB: posterior digastric nerve (branch of the 7thCN/facial)

Suprahyoid muscles

Mylohyoid

Origin: mylohyoid like of the mandible
Insertion- body of hyoid bone
Action- elevates the hyoid bone, depresses the mandible, and forms the floor of the mouth- helps elevate the tongue.
Innervation- mylohyoid nerve a branch of the mandibular division of the 5thCN/trigeminal

Suprahyoid muscles

Stylohyoid

Origin- styloid process of Temporal bone
Insertion- body of hyoid bone
Action- elevates the hyoid bone and depresses the mandible
Innervation- stylohyoid nerve ( branch of the 7thCN/facial)

Suprahyoid muscles | Geniohyoid

Origin- genial tubercles of mandible Insertion- body of hyoid bone Action- elevates the hyoid bone and depress the mandible Innervation- 1st cervical nerve, conducted by way of the 12thCN/hypoglossal

Infrahyoid muscles | Sternothyroid

Origin- posterior surface of Sternum Insertion- thyroid Cartliage Action- depress the thyroid Cartilage and larynx Innervation- 2nd & 3rd cervical nerves

Infrahyoid muscles | Sternohyoid

Origin- posterior and superior surfaces of sternum Insertion- body of hyoid bone Action-depress the hyoid bone Innervation-2nd&3rd cervical nerves

Infrahyoid muscles | Omohyoid

``` Origin- IB: scapula SB: inferior belly Insertion- IB: superior belly SB: body of hyoid bone Action- depress the mandible Innervation- 2nd&3rd cervical nerves ```

Muscles of the tongue | Superior longitudinal

Origin and insertion- runs in an oblique and longitudinal direction in the dorsal surface from the base to the apex Action- changes shape of tongue/ retracts tongue

Intrinsic tongue muscles | Transverse

Origin and insertion- runs in a transverse direction from the median septum to pass outward toward the lateral surface of the tongue Action- makes the tongue long and narrow

Intrinsic tongue muscles | Vertical

Origin and insertion- runs in a vertical direction from the dorsal surface inward to the ventral surface in the body of the tongue Action- makes the tongue long and narrow

Intrinsic tongue muscle | Inferior longitudinal

Origin and insertion- runs in a longitudinal direction from the base to the apex of the tongue Action- changes the shape of the tongue

Extrinsic tongue muscles | Genioglossus

Origin- genial tubercles on mandible Insertion- hyoid bone and tongue Action- protrudes tongue and depresses portions

Extrinsic tongue muscle | Styloglossus

Origin- styloid process of temporal bone Insertion- tongue Action- retracts tongue

Extrinsic tongue muscles | Hyoglossus

Origin- greater Cornu and body if hyoid bone Insertion- tongue Action- depresses tongue

Muscles of the pharynx | Stylopharyngeus

Origin- styloid process of temporal bone Insertion- lateral and posterior pharyngeal walls Action- elevates and widens the pharynx Innervation- 9thCN/ glossopharyngeal

Muscles of the pharynx | Pharyngeal constrictor muscles

Origin- superior: pterygoid hamulus, mandible and pterygomandibular raphe Middle- hyoid bone and stylohyoid ligament Inferior- thyroid and cricoid cartilages of the larynx Insertion- median pharyngeal raphe Action- raise the pharynx and larynx, drive food into the esophagus during swallowing Innervation- pharyngeal plexus

Muscles of the soft palate | Palatoglossus (anterior faucial pillar)

Origin- median palatine raphe Insertion- tongue Action- elevates and arches tongue, depressing soft palate toward tongue Innervation- pharyngeal plexus

Muscles of the soft palate | Palatopharyngeus (posterior faucial pillar)

Origin- soft palate Insertion- laryngopharynx and the thyroid cartilage Action- moves palate posteroinferiorly and posterior Pharyngeal wall anterosuperiorly (closes off nasopharynx during swallowing) Innervation- pharyngeal plexus

Muscles of the soft palate | Elevator veli palatini

Origin- temporal bone Insertion- median palatine raphe Action- raises soft palate to contact the posterior pharyngeal wall Innervation- pharyngeal plexus

Muscles of the soft palate | Tensor veli palatini

Origin- auditory tube and sphenoid bone Insertion- median palatine raphe Action- tenses and slightly lowers soft palate Innervation- mandibular division of the 5th CN/trigeminal

Muscle of the uvula

Origin and insertion- lies with the uvula on the soft palate Action- shortens and broadens the uvula, soft palate closely adapts to the posterior pharyngeal wall Innervation- pharyngeal plexus