Muscles Flashcards
(99 cards)
0
Q
Pectoralis minor
A
Med pectoral nerve: C8, T1
Stabilises scapula
1
Q
Pectoralis major
A
Lat & med pectoral nerves:
Clavicular head: C5&6
Sternocostal head: C7&8, T1
Adducts & medially rotates humerus
Moves scapula ant & inf
2
Q
Subclavius
A
Nerve to subclavius: C5&6
Anchors & depresses clavicle
3
Q
Serratus anterior
A
Long thoracic nerve: C5-7
Protracts scapula (holds against thoracic wall) Rotates scapula
4
Q
Biceps brachii
A
Musculocutaneous nerve: C5-7
Supinates forearm
Flexes forearm (when supine)
Shirt head resists shoulder dislocation
5
Q
Coracobrachialis
A
Musculocutaneous nerve: C5-7
Helps flex & adduct arm
Resists shoulder dislocation
6
Q
Brachialis
A
Musculocutaneous: C5&6
Lateral part - Radial: C5&7
Flexes forearm (all positions)
7
Q
Triceps brachii
A
Radial: C6-8
Chief extensor of forearm
Long head - resists humerus dislocation
8
Q
Aconeus
A
Radial: C7&8, T1
Assists triceps in extending forearm
Stabilises elbow joint
May abduct ulna in pronation
9
Q
Pronator teres
A
Median nerve: C6&7
Pronates & flexes forearm @ elbow
10
Q
Flexor carpi radialis
A
Median nerve (C6&7)
Flexes & abducts hand
11
Q
Palmaris longus
A
Median nerve: C7&8
Flexes hand @ wrist
Tenses palmar aponeurosis
12
Q
Flexor carpi ulnaris
A
Ulnar nerve: C7&8
Flexes & adducts hand @ wrist
13
Q
Flexor digitorum superficialis
A
Median nerve (C7&8, T1)
Flexes middle phalanges @ proximal interphalangeal joints
& proximal phalanges @ metacarpophalangeal joints
14
Q
Flexor digitorum profundus
A
Medial: ulnar nerve: C8, T1
Lateral: median nerve: C8, T1
Flexes distal phalanges 2-5 @ distal interphalangeal joints
15
Q
Flexor pollicis longus
A
Median nerve: C8, T1
Flexes phalanges @ 1st digit
16
Q
Pronator quadratus
A
Median nerve: C8, T1
Pronates forearm
Deep fibres bind radius & ulna together
17
Q
Brachioradialis
A
Radial nerve: C5-7
Weak flexion of forearm
18
Q
Extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis
A
Radial nerve: C7&8
Extend & abduct hand @ wrist joint
ECRL active during fist clenching
19
Q
Extensor digitorum
A
Radial nerve: C7&8
Extends medial 4 digits & metacarpophalangeal (primary) & interphalangeal (secondary) joints
20
Q
Extensor digiti minimi
A
Radial nerve: C7&8
Extends 5th digit @ metacarpophalyngeal (primary) & interphalangeal (secondary) joints
21
Q
Extensor carpi ulnaris
A
Radial nerve: C7&8
Extends & adducts hand @ wrist joint
Active during fist clenching
22
Q
Supinator
A
Radial nerve: C7&8
Supinates forearm (rotates radius)
23
Q
Extensor indicis
A
Radial nerve: C7&8
Extends 2nd digit independently
Helps extend hand @ wrist
24
Abductor pollicis longus
Radial nerve: C7&8
Abducts thumb
Extends & carpometacarpal joint
25
Extensor pollicis longus
Radial nerve: C7&8
Extends distal phalynx of thumb
26
Extensor pollicis brevis
Radial nerve: C7&8
Extends proximal phalynx of thumb
27
Trapezius
Accessory nerve
Upper fibres elevate & rotate scapula during arm abduction
Middle fibres retract scapula
Lower fibres pull scapula inferorly
28
Latissimus dorsi
Thoracodorsal nerve
Extends, adducts & medially rotates upper limb
29
Levator scapulae
Dorsal scapular nerve
Elevates scapula
30
Rhomboids (major & minor)
Dorsal scapula nerve
Retracts & rotates scapula
31
Deltoid
Axillary nerve
Anterior fibres flex arm @ shoulder
Posterior fibres extend arm @ shoulder
Middle fibres major abductor of arm
(takes over from supraspinatus after 1st 15 degrees of abduction)
32
Teres major
Lower subscapular nerve
Adducts shoulder
Medially rotates arm
33
Supraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve
Abducts arm 0-15 degrees (then assists deltoid)
34
Infraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve
Laterally rotates arm
35
Subscapularis
Upper & lower subscapular nerves
Medially rotates arm
36
Teres minor
Axillary nerve
Laterally rotates arm
37
Opponens pollicis
Opposes the thumb, by medially rotating and flexing the metacarpal on the trapezium.
Median nerve.
38
Abductor pollicis brevis
Abducts the thumb.
Median nerve.
39
Flexor pollicis brevis
Flexes the MCP joint of the thumb.
Median nerve.
40
Opponens digiti minimi
rotates the metacarpal of the little finger towards the palm, producing opposition.
Ulnar nerve.
41
Abductor digiti minimi
Abducts the little finger.
Ulnar nerve.
42
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Flexes the MCP joint of the little finger.
Ulnar Nerve.
43
Lumbricals
flex at the MCP joint, and extend at the IP joints of each finger.
medial two lumbricals (of the little and ring fingers):ulnar nerve.
lateral two lumbricals (of the index and middle fingers): median nerve
44
Dorsal interossei
Abduct the fingers at the MCP joint.
Ulnar nerve.
45
Palmar interossei
Adducts the fingers at the MCP joint.
Ulnar nerve.
46
Palmaris brevis
Wrinkles the skin of the hypothenar eminence and deepens the curvature of the hand, improving grip.
Ulnar nerve.
47
Adductor pollicis
Adductor of the thumb.
Ulnar nerve.
48
Iliopsoas
flexes the lower limb at the hip joint and assists in lateral rotation at the hip joint.
psoas major: anterior rami of L1-3
iliacus: femoral nerve.
49
Rectus femoris
only muscle of the quadriceps to cross both the hip and knee joints
flexes the leg at the hip joint, and extends at the knee joint.
Femoral nerve.
50
Sartorius
At the hip joint, it is a flexor, abductor and lateral rotator.
At the knee joint, it is also a flexor.
Femoral nerve.
51
Pectineus
Adduction and flexion at the hip joint.
Femoral nerve.
52
Adductor magnus
| Adductor & hamstring part
both adduct the thigh
adductor component also flexes the thigh
hamstring portion extending the thigh.
Adductor part: obturator nerve (L2-L4),
hamstring part: tibial nerve (L4-S3).
53
Adductor longus
Adduction and medial rotation of the thigh.
Obturator nerve (L2-L4).
54
Adductor brevis
Adduction of the thigh.
Obturator nerve (L2-L4).
55
Obturator externis
Laterally rotates the thigh.
Obturator nerve (L2-L4).
56
Gracillis
Adduction of the thigh at the hip, and flexion of the leg at the knee.
Obturator nerve (L2-L4).
57
Biceps femoris
Mainly flexion at the knee
also extends the leg at the hip, and laterally rotates at the hip and knee.
Long head: tibial part of the sciatic nerve
short head: common fibular part of the sciatic nerve.
58
Semitendinosus
Flexion of the leg at the knee joint
Extension of thigh at the hip
Medially rotates the thigh at the hip joint and the leg at the knee joint.
Tibial part of the sciatic nerve.
59
Semimembranosus
Flexion of the leg at the knee joint
Extension of thigh at the hip
Medially rotates the thigh at the hip joint and the leg at the knee joint.
Tibial part of the sciatic nerve.
60
Gluteus maximus
main extensor of the thigh
and assists with lateral rotation
(only used when force is required, such as running or climbing)
Inferior gluteal nerve.
61
Gluteus medius
Abducts and medially rotates the lower limb
During locomotion, secures the pelvis, preventing pelvic drop of the opposite limb.
Superior gluteal nerve.
62
Gluteus minimus
Abducts and medially rotates the lower limb.
During locomotion, secures the pelvis, preventing pelvic drop of the opposite limb.
Superior gluteal nerve.
63
Piriformis
Lateral rotation and abduction.
Nerve to piriformis.
64
Obturator internis
Lateral rotation and abduction.
Nerve to obturator internus.
65
Gemelli (superior & inferior)
Lateral rotation and abduction.
The superior gemellus: nerve to obturator internus
inferior gemellus: nerve to quadratus femoris.
66
Quadratus femoris
Lateral rotation.
Nerve to quadratus femoris.
67
Rotator cuff muscles
Supraspinatus
Infrasoinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
68
Muscles extending upper limb
Posterior deltoid
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
69
Muscles flexing upper limb
Biceps brachii
Pectoralis major
Anterior deltoid
Coracobrachalis
70
Muscles medially rotating upper limb
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Subscapularis
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Anterior deltoid
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71
Muscles laterally rotating upper limb
Infraspinatus
| Teres minor
72
Muscles that abduct arm
Supraspinatus (15 – 20°)
Deltoid (90°)
Upper and lower fibres of the trapezius (above 90°)
Serratus anterior
73
Muscles flexing elbow (& nerves that innervate)
Brachialis – Musculocutaneous;
Biceps brachii – Musculocutaneous;
Brachioradialis – Radial nerve
74
6 movements of scapula & muscles that produce them
Protraction – Serratus anterior
Retraction – (Middle fibres of) trapezius, rhomboids
Elevation – (Upper fibres of) trapezius, levator scapulae
Depression – (gravity) (relaxation of elevator muscles)
Lateral rotation/upward rotation – upper and lower fibres of trapezius
Medial rotation/downward rotation – Latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboids (tilt glenoid cavity inferiorly)
NB In lateral/upward rotation of the scapula, the glenoid cavity moving superiorly (i.e. when upper limb is abducted).
Converse is true for medial/downward rotation.
75
Movements of the wrist
Flexion - Produced mainly by the flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, with assistance from the flexor digitorum superficialis.
Extension - Produced mainly by the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, and extensor carpi ulnaris, with assistance from the extensor digitorum.
Adduction (ulnar deviation) - Produced by the extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris
Abduction (radial deviation) - Produced by the abductor pollicis longus, flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis.
76
Movements of the radio ulnar joint
Pronation: Produced by the pronator quadratus and pronator teres.
Supination: Produced by the supinator and biceps brachii.
77
Muscles extending the elbow
Triceps brachii
| anconeus
78
Movements of the shoulder joint
Extension (upper limb backwards in sagittal plane)
Produced by the posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi and teres major.
Flexion (upper limb forwards in sagittal plane)
Produced by the biceps brachii (both heads), pectoralis major, anterior deltoid and corocobrachialis.
Abduction (upper limb away from midline in coronal plane)
The first 0-15 degrees of abduction is produced by the supraspinatus. The middle fibres of the deltoid are responsible for the next 15-90 degrees. Past 90 degrees, the scapula needs to be rotated to achieve abduction – that is carried out by the trapezius and serratus anterior.
Adduction (upper limb towards midline in coronal plane)
Produced by contraction of pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi and teres major.
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Medial Rotation (rotation towards the midline, so that the thumb is pointing medially)
Produced by contraction of subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major and anterior deltoid.
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Lateral Rotation (rotation away from the midline, so that the thumb is pointing laterally)
Produced by contraction of the infraspinatus and teres minor.
```
79
Movements of hip & muscles responsible
Flexion: Iliosoas, rectus femoris, sartorius
Extension: Gluteus maximus, semimembranous,semitendinosus and biceps femoris
Abduction: Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and the deep gluteals (piriformis, gemelli etc)
Adduction: Adductors longus, brevis and magnus,pectineus and gracillis
Lateral rotation: Biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, and the deep gluteals (piriformis, gemelli etc)
Medial rotation: Gluteus medius and minimus, semitendinosus and semimembranosus
80
Movements of the knee
Extension: Produced by the quadriceps femoris, which inserts into the tibial tuberosity.
Flexion: Produced by the hamstrings, gracilis, sartorius and popliteus.
Lateral rotation: Produced by the biceps femoris.
Medial rotation: Produced by five muscles; semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius and popliteus.
NB: Lateral and medial rotation can only occur when the knee is flexed (if the knee is not flexed, the medial/lateral rotation occurs at the hip joint).
81
Muscles of anterior leg & collective action
tibialis anterior
extensor digitorun longus
extensor hallucis longus
(fibularis tertius)
Dorsiflex & invert foot
82
Tibialis anterior
Deep fibular nerve
Strongest dorsiflexor
Foot inversion
83
Extensor digitorum longus (leg)
Deep fibular nerve
Extension of lateral 4 toes
Dorsiflexion of foot
84
Extensor hallucis longus
Deep fibular nerve
Extension of great toe
Dorsiflexion of foot
85
Fibularis tertius
Deep fibular nerve
Eversion & dorsiflexion
(Not present in all individuals
Arises from inferior part of EDL)
86
Muscles of lateral part of leg & their collective action
```
Fibularis longus (peroneal longus)
Fibularis brevis (peroneal brevis)
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Eversion
87
Finularis longus
Superficial fibular nerve
Eversion & plantar flexion
Supports lateral & transverse arches
88
Fibularis brevis
Superficial fibular nerve
Eversion of foot
89
Muscles of the posterior lower leg & their collective action & innervation
Superficial:
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Soleus
```
Deep:
Popliteus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
```
Plantar flex & invert foot
Tibial nerve
90
Gastrocnemius
Plantarflex @ ankle joint
Knee flexor
Tibial nerve
91
Plantaris
Plantarflexes @ ankle joint
Knee flexor
(Minor role)
Tibial nerve
92
Soleus
Plantarflexes @ ankle joint
Tibial nerve
93
Popliteus
Laterally rotates femur on tibia
('Unlocking' the knee joint so flexion can occur)
Tibial nerve
94
Tibialis posterior
Inverts & plantarflexes the foot
Maintains medial arch of the foot
Tibial nerve
95
Flexor digitorum longus (of leg)
Flexes lateral 4 toes
Tibial nerve
96
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexes great toe
Tibial nerve
97
Insertion points of biceps brachii
Long head:
Supraglenoid tubercle on scapula
Short head:
Coracoid process
Both insert as biceps tendon on bicipital tuberosity on radius & biciptal aponeurosis on ulnar
98
Flexor retinaculum attachments
Turns the carpal arch into the carpal tunnel by bridging the space between the medial and lateral parts of the arch.
Originates on the lateral side and inserts on the medial side of the carpal arch.
(Formed laterally by the scaphoid and trapezium tubercles
Formed medially by the hook of the hamate and the pisiform)
