muscles

Question 1

What are the 3 Hamstring muscles? where do these 3 muscles arise from? What is their action?

Answer 1

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, arise from the ischiatic tuberosity. Extensors of the hip and flexors of the stifle

Question 2

biceps femoris: the tendon of this muscle contributes to the ____ ____ tendon. There is a palpable and clinically relevant ___ ____ ___ at the caudal border of this muscle.

Answer 2

common calcanean tendon. popliteal lymph node

Question 3

Biceps femoris origin

Answer 3

sarcotuberous ligament and ischiatic tuberosity

Question 4

Biceps femoris insertion

Answer 4

Patella, patellar ligament and cranial border of tibia via fascia lata and crural fascia; tuber calcanei via the common calcanean tendon

Question 5

biceps femoris action

Answer 5

extend hip and hock. Can either extend (weight bearing) or flex (non-weight bearing) the stifle dependent on the position of the limb

Question 6

semitendinosus : the tendon of this muscle contributes to the ____ ____ tendon

Answer 6

common calcanean tendon

Question 7

semitendinosus origin

Answer 7

ischiatic tuberosity

Question 8

Semitendinosus insertion

Answer 8

medial surface of tibial body ; tuber calcanei via common calcanean tendon

Question 9

Semitendinosus action

Answer 9

extends hip and hock, flexes stifle

Question 10

Semimembranosus has ___ bellies of nearly equal size

Answer 10

2

Question 11

semimembranosus origin

Answer 11

ischiatic tuberosity

Question 12

semimembranosus insertion

Answer 12

distal and medial aspect of the caudal femur and medial condyle of the tibia

Question 13

semimembranosus action

Answer 13

extend hip; extend (weight bearing) or flex (non weight bearing) stifle depending on limb position

Question 14

sartorius : 2 parts? these parts form the cranial border of the ____ ___?A pulse of the femoral artery can be palpated caudal to this muscle

Answer 14

cranial and caudal parts, femoral triangle

Question 15

Sartorius origin

Answer 15

ilium( crest of ilium and thorcacolumbar fascia; ventral border of ilium)

Question 16

sartorius insertion

Answer 16

patella and cranial border of tibia

Question 17

sartorius action

Answer 17

flex hip;extend stifle(weight bearing) flex stifle(non- weight bearing)

Question 18

Gracilis: the tendon of this muscle contributes to the ___ __ tendon

Answer 18

common calcanean tendon

Question 19

Gracilis origin

Answer 19

pelvic symphysis via symphysial tendon

Question 20

Gracilis insertion

Answer 20

cranial border of tibia; tuber calcanei via common calcanean tendon

Question 21

Gracilis action

Answer 21

ADDuct limb, flex stifle, extend hip and hock

Question 22

Pectineus : this muscle( in addition to the caudal part of the sartorius which froms the the cranial part of the ___ __) forms the caudal border of the ___ ___.A pulse of the femoral artery can be palpated cranial to this muscle.

Answer 22

femoral triangle

Question 23

pectineus origin

Answer 23

pubis ( pre-pubic tendon and iliopubic eminence)

Question 24

pectineus insertion

Answer 24

distal end of caudomedial aspect of femur(medial lip of caudal rough surface)

Question 25

pectineus action

Answer 25

ADDuct limb

Question 26

ADDuctor : lies immediately caudal to the pectineus. Origin of the adductor

Answer 26

pelvic symphysis via symphysial tendon ; ventral surface of pubis and ischium

Question 27

ADDuctor insertion:

Answer 27

caudolateral aspect of femur(entire lateral lip of caudal rough surface of femur

Question 28

adductor action

Answer 28

adduct limb extend hip

Question 29

Tensor fasciae latae has _parts. the cranial part is continuous with the superficial layer of the fascia lata. The caudal part is continuous with the deep layer of the fascia lata.

Answer 29

2 parts cranial and caudal

Question 30

tensor fasciae latae origin

Answer 30

tuber coxae aponeurosis of middle gluteal m.

Question 31

tensor fasciae latae insertion

Answer 31

fascia lata(lateral femoral fascia)

Question 32

tensor fasciae latae action

Answer 32

tense fascia lata, flex hip, extend stifle

Question 33

superficial gluteal origin

Answer 33

sarcotuberous ligament, deep gluteal fascia

Question 34

superficial gluteal insertion

Answer 34

third trochanter of femur

Question 35

superficial gluteal action

Answer 35

extend hip, ABduct limb

Question 36

middle gluteal: there is a ___ muscle part of this middle gluteal.

Answer 36

piriformis muscle

Question 37

middle gluteal origin

Answer 37

crest and gluteal surface of ilium

Question 38

middle gluteal insertion

Answer 38

greater trochanter of the femur

Question 39

middle gluteal action

Answer 39

extend hip , abduct hip, rotate pelvic limb medially

Question 40

deep gluteal origin

Answer 40

body of ilium;ischiatic spine

Question 41

deep gluteal insertion

Answer 41

greater trochanter of the femur

Question 42

deep gluteal action

Answer 42

extend hip, abduct hip. rotate pelvic limb medially

Question 43

internal obturator: one of the four small pelvic association muscles. It has a ___ and a _____ bursa.

Answer 43

tendon and subtendinous bursa

Question 44

internal obturator origin

Answer 44

dorsal surface of ischium and pubis;dorsal pelvic symphysis

Question 45

internal obturator insertion

Answer 45

trochanteric fossa of the femur

Question 46

internal obturator action

Answer 46

rotate pelvic limb laterally

Question 47

gemelli: one of the small pelvic association muscles. A wide tendon of the internal obturator makes this muscle appear to have 2 parts or twin=gemini. gemelli origin:

Answer 47

lateral surface of ischium , ventral to lesser ischiatic notch

Question 48

gemelli insertion

Answer 48

trochanteric fossa of the femur

Question 49

gemelli action

Answer 49

rotate pelvic limb laterally

Question 50

quadratus femoris : one of the four small pelvic association muscles quadratus femoris origin:

Answer 50

ventral surface of caudal ischium

Question 51

quadratus femoris insertion

Answer 51

interotrochanteric crest of femur

Question 52

quadratus femoris action

Answer 52

rotate pelvic limb laterally;extend hip

Question 53

external obturator is one of the four small pelvic association muscles. external obturator origin:

Answer 53

ventral surface of pubis and ischium

Question 54

external obturator insertion

Answer 54

trochanteric fossa of the femur

Question 55

external obturator action

Answer 55

rotate pelvic limb laterally

Question 56

This muscle has 4 heads: the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis. OF the 4 heads the rectus femoris is the only one that spans both the hip and stifle joints. This group is the main ___ of the stifle and is essential for weight bearing.

Answer 56

The quadriceps femoris. extensor of stifle

Question 57

quadriceps femoris origin

Answer 57

ilium(rectus femoris); proximal aspect of femur(other heads)

Question 58

quadriceps femoris insertion

Answer 58

tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament

Question 59

quadriceps femoris action

Answer 59

flex hip (rectus femoris) extend stifle (all heads)

Question 60

iliopsoas is formed by 2 muscles: | The iliopsoas complex extends through the muscular lacuna of the abdominal wall adjacent to the vascular lacuna.

Answer 60

psoas major and iliacus

Question 61

iliopsoas origin

Answer 61

ventral aspect of lumbar vertebrae ;cranioventral ilium

Question 62

iliopsoas insertion

Answer 62

lesser trochanter of the femur

Question 63

iliopsoas action

Answer 63

flex hip

Question 64

cranial tibial :the tendon of this muscle is held down by the ____ extensor____. along with the tendon of the long digital extensor.

Answer 64

crural extensor retinaculum

Question 65

cranial tibial origin

Answer 65

proximal and lateral aspect of the tibia near the extensor groove

Question 66

cranial tibial insertion

Answer 66

proximal plantar surface of metatarsals I and II

Question 67

cranial tibial action

Answer 67

flex tarsus;rotate paw laterally so plantar surface faces medially

Question 68

long digital extensor : the tendon of this muscle along with the tendon of the cranial tibial is held down by the ___ extensor____. Additionally the ___ extensor ____holds the tendon of this muscle in placeon the dorsal surface of the metatarsus

Answer 68

crural extensor retinaculum, tarsal extensor retinaculum

Question 69

long digital extensor origin

Answer 69

extensor fossa of the femur

Question 70

long digital extensor insertion

Answer 70

extensor processes of distal phalanges of digits 2,3,4,5

Question 71

long digital extensor action

Answer 71

extends digits; flex tarsus

Question 72

fibularis longus also referred to as the ___ longus

Answer 72

peroneus

Question 73

fibularis longus origin

Answer 73

lateral collateral ligament; proximal aspect of tibia and fibula

Question 74

fibularis longus insertion

Answer 74

tarsal bone IV; plantar aspect of proximal ends of metatarsals

Question 75

fibularis longus action

Answer 75

flex tarsus; rotate paw medially so plantar surface faces laterally(pronation)

Question 76

gastrocnemius has 2 heads: each head contains a sesamoid bone in their tendons of origin. The 2 heads envelope the muscular portion of the___

Answer 76

medial and lateral, SDF

Question 77

gastrocnemius origin

Answer 77

medial and lateral supracondylar tuberosities of femur

Question 78

gastrocnemius insertion

Answer 78

tuber calcanei

Question 79

gastrocnemius action

Answer 79

extend tarsus; flex stifle

Question 80

Superficial digital flexor : the tendon of the SDF along with the tendon of the gastrocnemius forms the main central component of the ____ ____ tendon

Answer 80

common calcanean

Question 81

There is a ___ __ bursa between the tendons of the SDF and the gastrocnemius.

Answer 81

intertendinous calcanean bursa

Question 82

There is also a ___ __ bursa located between the skin and the tendon of the SDF

Answer 82

subcutaneous calcanean bursa

Question 83

SDF origin

Answer 83

lateral supracondylar tuberosity of the femur

Question 84

SDF insertion

Answer 84

tuber calcanei; plantar aspect of the base of the middle phalanx of digits 2,3,4,5

Question 85

SDF action

Answer 85

flex stifle; extend tarsus (hock);flex digits

Question 86

Deep digital flexor: this muscle has 2 heads :

Answer 86

lateral digital flexor or lateral head of DDF and medial digital flexor or medial head of DDF

Question 87

The tendon of the lateral head of the DDF passes over the ____ ___ of the calcaneus where it is held down by the ____ ____

Answer 87

sustentaculum tali, flexor retinaculum

Question 88

DDF origin

Answer 88

proximal tibia and fibula and adjacent interosseus membrane between the two

Question 89

DDF insertion

Answer 89

plantar aspect of the base of the distal phalanx of digits 1-5

Question 90

DDF action

Answer 90

flex digits .extend tarsus

Question 91

Popliteus: this muscle has a ____ ____ bone in its tendon of origin and will only be seen in radiographs

Answer 91

popliteal sesamoid bone

Question 92

popliteus origin

Answer 92

lateral condyle of femur

Question 93

popliteus insertion | Popliteus action

Answer 93

proximal and caudomedial aspect of tibia | flex stifle rotate leg (crus) medially