Muscles

Question 1

Cricothyroid

Answer 1

External laryngeal nerve (X)

F: stretches and tenses vocal ligament

Question 2

Thyro-artenoid

Answer 2

Inferior laryngeal nerve (terminal part of recurrent laryngeal nerve, X)

F: relaxes vocal ligament

Question 3

Posterior cricoarytenoid

Answer 3

Inferior laryngeal nerve (terminal part of recurrent laryngeal nerve, X)

F: Abducts vocal folds

Question 4

Lateral cricoarytenoid

Answer 4

Inferior laryngeal nerve (terminal part of recurrent laryngeal nerve)

F: Adduct vocal folds

Question 5

Transverse and oblique arytenoids

Answer 5

Inferior laryngeal nerve (terminal part of recurrent laryngeal nerve, X)

F: Adduct arytenoid cartilages

Question 6

Volcalis

Answer 6

Inferior laryngeal nerve (terminal part of recurrent laryngeal nerve)

F: relaxes posterior vocal ligament while maintaining tension of anterior part

Question 7

Sterncleidomastoid

Answer 7

O: Sternal head: sternum; Clavicular head: clavicle
I: mastoid process
N: XI
F: Tilts head to side; laterally flexes neck and rotates head toward opposite side

Question 8

Platysma

Answer 8

CN VII

functions to depress mandible and tense skin over neck (shaving).

Question 9

Mylohyoid

Answer 9

0: mandible
I: hyoid bone
N: Nerve to the mylohyoid (V3)
F: Raises floor of oral cavity, draws hyoid forward

Question 10

Digastric

Answer 10

0: mastoid process
I: mandible
N: posterior- facial (VII); anterior- nerve to mylohyoid (V3)
F: Stabilizes, raises, anterior movement (anterior belly), and posterior movement (posterior belly) of the hyoid bone.

Question 11

Geniohyoid

Answer 11

0: Genial tubercle of mandible
I: Hyoid bone (deep to mylohyoid)
N: C1 (runs with hypoglossal XII)
F: Raises hyoid bone.

Question 12

Stylohyoid

Answer 12

0: Styloid process
I: Hyoid bone
N: VII (facial nerve)
F: Moves hyoid posterosuperiorly.

Question 13

Sternohyoid

Answer 13

0: Sternum
I: Hyoid bone
N: Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
F: Lowers hyoid bone or stabilizes hyoid during vocalization and depression of the mandible.

Question 14

Sternothyroid

Answer 14

0: Manubrium (posterior to sternohyoid)
I: Oblique line of thyroid cartilage.
N: Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
F: Lowers thyroid cartilage or stabilizes same during vocalization and depression of the mandible.

Question 15

Thyrohyoid

Answer 15

0: Thyroid
I: Hyoid bone
N: C1
F: Lowers hyoid bone or raises thyroid cartilage or stabilizes both structures during vocalization

Question 16

Omohyoid

Answer 16

0: Superior border of scapula (near scapular notch)
I: Hyoid bone (junction of body and greater horn)
N: Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
F: Superior belly lowers hyoid bone or may stabilize hyoid from below

Question 17

Longus Coli

Answer 17

O: Anterior tubercle of C1, bodies of C1-C3, and the Tps of C3-C6
I: Bodies of C5-T3 & Tps of C3-C5
N: Anterior rami of spinal nerves C2-C6
F: Flexes neck (bilateral action) Flexes and rotates to opposite side (unilateral action)

Question 18

Longus Capitis

Answer 18

O: Basilar part of occipital bone
I: Anterior tubercles of the TPs of C3-C6
N: Anterior Rami of C1-C3 Spinal nerves
F: Flex the head on the vertebral column

Question 19

Rectus capitis anterior

Answer 19

O: Base of skull just anterior to the occipital condyle
I: Anterior surface of the lateral mass of C1
N: Branches from C1 & C2 spinal nerves
F: Flex head relative to spinal column

Question 20

Rectus capitus lateralis

Answer 20

O: Jugular process of occipital bone
I: Transverse process of Atlas
N: Branches from C1 & C2
F: Flexes head relative to the vertebral column

Question 21

Buccinator

Answer 21

CVII- motor
CV- sensory

functions to press the cheek against molars; resists distension (when blowing), and keeps the cheek taut (smiling).
Deeper plane than other muscles of facial expression.

Question 22

Zygomatic major

Answer 22

CVII

functions to draw the corner of the mouth superiorlaterally (smile).

Question 23

Lateral pterygoid

Answer 23

Innervation is via the nerve to the lateral pterygoid (branch of mandibular V3).
Functions primarily to open the jaw and protrude the jaw via the inferior head; superior head acts on the articular disc. Works also to “grind” food.

Question 24

Medial pterygoid

Answer 24

Innervated by the medial pterygoid n. (branch of mandibular V3).
Functions to elevate and protrude the mandible. Works also to “grind” food.

Question 25

Origin of the recti muscles (eye)

Answer 25

anulus tendineus

Question 26

Superior rectus

Answer 26

inserts upon the superior aspect of the sclera (outer white layer of the eye) and moves the eye superiorly and medially; Oculomotor n. (III)

Question 27

Medial rectus

Answer 27

inserts onto the medial aspect of the eye and moves it in the same direction (adduction); Oculomotor n. (III).

Question 28

Lateral rectus

Answer 28

inserts onto the lateral aspect of the eye and moves it laterally (abduction); Abducent n. (VI)

Question 29

Inferior rectus

Answer 29

inserts onto the sclera of the inferior aspect of the eye. This muscle moves the eye inferiorly as well as medially; Oculomotor n. (III).

Question 30

Superior oblique

Answer 30

O: body of the sphenoid, passes anteriorly through the superomedial aspect of the orbit, hooks around a connective tissue pulley called the trochlea, continues posterolaterally inferior to the superior rectus m. I: posterolateral aspect of the superior part of the eye. F: moves the eye inferiorly and laterally N: Trochlear n. (IV)

Question 31

Inferior oblique

Answer 31

O: anteromedial aspect of the orbit on the maxilla bone and runs laterally and somewhat posteriorly underneath (inferior to) the inferior rectus m. I: posterolateral aspect of the inferior part of the eye F: move the eye superiorly and laterally N: Oculomotor n. (III)

Question 32

Levator palpebrae superioris

Answer 32

F: elevates the upper eyelid N: Oculomotor n. (III)

Question 33

Superior constrictor

Answer 33

O: pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, posterior end of the mylohyoid line of the mandible, and side of tongue. I: median raphe of pharynx and pharyngeal tubercle. N: 10

Question 34

Middle constrictor

Answer 34

O: stylohyoid ligament and greater and lesser horns of hyoid bone. I: median raphe of pharynx. N: 10

Question 35

Inferior constrictor

Answer 35

O: oblique line of thyroid cartilage and side of cricoid cartilage. I: median raphe of pharynx. N: 10

Question 36

Buccinator

Answer 36

F: aids mastication, tenses cheeks in blowing and whistling, aids closure of mouth N: buccal branch of facial nerve (VII)

Question 37

Tensor veli palatini

Answer 37

O:Scaphoid fossa and medial aspect of spine of sphenoid bone I: Palatine aponeurosis (via pulley of pterygoid hamulus) F: Tenses soft palate prior to elevation N: Nerve to medial pterygoid (main trunk of mandibular nerve (V3)

Question 38

Levator veli palatini

Answer 38

O: Apex of inferior surface of petrous temporal bone and medial rim of auditory tube I: Palatine aponeurosis F: Elevates, retracts and lateral deviates soft palate. May open auditory tube on swallowing N: Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve

Question 39

Stylopharyngeus

Answer 39

O: medial aspect of styloid process I: posterolateral border of thyroid cartilage F: elevates larynx and pharynx, aids in swallowing N: muscular branch of glossopharyngeal (IX)

Question 40

External intercostal

Answer 40

O: Lower border of ribs I: Upper border of rib below rib of origin N: Intercostal nerves F: Supports intercostal spaces in inspiration and expiration, elevates ribs in inspiration

Question 41

Internal intercostal

Answer 41

O: Lower border of ribs I: Costal cartilage and edge of costal groove of rib above rib of origin N: Intercostal nerves F: Prevents pushing out or drawing in of intercostal spaces in inspiration and expiration, lowers ribs in forced expiration

Question 42

Innermost intercostal

Answer 42

O: Lower border of ribs I: Upper border of rib below rib of origin N: Intercostal nerves F: Elevates ribs

Question 43

Transversus thoracis

Answer 43

O: Internal surface of costal cartilages 2–6 I: Posterior surface of lower sternum N: Intercostal nerves F: Depresses ribs and costal cartilages

Question 44

Diaphragm

Answer 44

O: Xiphoid process, lower six costal cartilages, L1–L3 vertebrae I: Converge into central tendon N: Phrenic nerve F: Draws central tendon down and forward during inspiration

Question 45

Musculus uvulae

Answer 45

doesn't leave the soft palate, just hangs off the back and touches your tongue CNX

Question 46

Palatopharyngeus:

Answer 46

0: Palatine aponeurosis (posterior edge of hard palate) I: Posterior aspect of thyroid cartilage, esophagus, lateral wall of pharynx F: Raises pharynx during swallowing (pulls walls of pharynx superiorly, anteriorly and somewhat medially) and tenses soft palate. N: Pharyngeal plexus by way of the vagus nerve

Question 47

Palatoglossus:

Answer 47

0: Palatine aponeurosis and posterior aspect of hard palate I: Lateral aspect of tongue F: Raises tongue to close off oral cavity from oropharynx during swallowing and depresses the soft palate. N: Pharyngeal plexus by way of the vagus nerve.

Question 48

Levator veli palatini:

Answer 48

0: Bony portion of auditory tube (base of skull at union of petrous part of the temporal bone and the sphenoid bone). I: Palatine aponeurosis (midline connective tissue of soft palate) F: Elevates palate - prime mover of palate. N: Pharyngeal plexus by way of the vagus nerve Note: The palate elevates during swallowing to close off the oral cavity from the nasopharynx, thus preventing food from entering the nasopharynx. The palate also elevates during speech.

Question 49

Tensor veli palatini:

Answer 49

0: Scaphoid fossa of medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone (also spine of the sphenoid and the cartilage of the auditory tube). I: Palatine aponeurosis F: Tenses palate and opens auditory tube N: Mandibular branch of Trigeminal nerve - V3 Note: The tensor veli palatini runs inferiorly between the medial and lateral pterygoid plates, passes medially by looping around the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate, and then inserts into the palatine aponeurosis.

Question 50

Genioglossus: 0: Body and greater horn of the hyoid bone I: Inferior and lateral aspects of the tongue F: Depresses and retracts tongue N: Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) Note: This flat, quadrangular muscle serves as an important landmark for the hypoglossal and lingual nerves which run lateral to it, and the lingual artery which runs medial to it.

Answer 50

0: Genial tubercle (mental spine) of the mandible I: Within tongue (entire dorsum of the tongue) F: Anterior fibers - depress tongue; Posterior fibers - protrude tongue; Unilateral contraction causes tongue to deviate (“wag”) contralaterally. N: Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) Note: This is a very large, fan-shaped muscle.

Question 51

Styloglossus:

Answer 51

0: Anterior aspect of styloid process (stylohyoid ligament) I: Lateral aspect of tongue F: Moves tongue superiorly and posteriorly N: Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) Note: does the furthest most movement of swallowing

Question 52

Palatoglossus:

Answer 52

0: Palatine aponeurosis and posterior aspect of hard palate I: Lateral aspect of tongue (blends with intrinsic transverse muscles) F: Raises tongue to close off oral cavity from oropharynx during swallowing and depresses the soft palate (constrict isthmus of fauces). N: Pharyngeal plexus by way of the vagus nerve.