muscles

Question 1

Three types of muscle

Answer 1

Skeletal
cardiac
smooth

Question 2

Two types of striated muscle

Answer 2

Skeletal

cardiac

Question 3

Type of non-striated muscle

Answer 3

Smooth

Question 4

Sarcolemma

Answer 4

Outer membrane of muscle

Question 5

Sarcoplasm

Answer 5

Cytoplasm of a muscle cell

Question 6

sarcomere

Answer 6

The contraction unit of striated muscle

Question 7

Skeletal muscle T tubules

Answer 7

T tubules- invagination is of the Sacrolemma which the sodium ions can travel and are sandwiched between the terminal cisterna of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
this forms a triad
t tubels are found at the AI junction - a band Myosin I band actin

Question 8

Where are skeletal T tubels found

Answer 8

AI junction
a - thick Myerson
I-actin

Question 9

As skeletal muscle t tubules found in diet or triad

Answer 9

Triad

terminal cisterna of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, T tubules, terminal cisterna of the sacroplasmic reticulum

Question 10

T tubules what are they made fun and function

Answer 10

Invagination of the sarcolemma down which sodium ions can travel

Question 11

Role of terminal cisterna of the scaroplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

Stores calcium irons for release upon depolarisation by T tubules

Question 12

What causes depolarisation of the sacroplasmic reticulum

Answer 12

t tubules

Question 13

Where are cardiac T tubules found

Answer 13

Z band

Question 14

What is the z band

Answer 14

The line in which actin filaments and adjacent sarcomas are anchored

Question 15

What the cardiac T tubule dyad made of

Answer 15

sarcoplasmic reticulum terminal cisterna connecting to t trivial

Question 16

Skeletal muscles have layers

Answer 16

Endomysium - inner
perimysium-middle
epimysium-outer

Question 17

endomysium

Answer 17

Inner layer
loose connective tissue
surrounds each individual muscle fibre
the muscle fibres called Myofibrils and the contraction unit as a sacrament

Question 18

perimysium

Answer 18

Middle layer
dense connective tissue which surrounds fasicle
contains nerves and blood vessels

Question 19

epimysium

Answer 19

Outer layer

that connect tissue

Question 20

What types of fibres can striated muscle have

Answer 20

Three types
slow twitch Ia
fast twitch 2a
fast twitch 2 B

Each fascicle has at least one of each

Question 21

Type 1 and type II muscle fibres can be described as oxidative or glycolytic

Answer 21

type 1-slow oxidative
type 2a- fast oxidative and glycolytic
type 2b- first glycolytic

Question 22

Describe the blood flow in the three types of fibres

Answer 22

Type I- rich blood supply
type 2a - rich blood supply
type 2b- poor blood supply

Question 23

Describe whether the muscle fibres are anaerobic or aerobic

Answer 23

Type I aerobic
type IIa aerobic
type IIB anaerobic

Question 24

Compare the myoglobin levels in the different type of muscle fibres

Answer 24

Type I hi myoglobin levels
type II a hi myoglobin levels
type IIB low myoglobin levels

Question 25

Describe the number of cytochrome is in the different types of muscle fibres

Answer 25

Type I many cytochrome's type II a many cytochrome's type IIB few cytochrome's

Question 26

Compare the colour of the different muscle fibres

Answer 26

Type I red type II a red/pink type IIB White

Question 27

Compare their resistance to fatigue of the 3 muscle types

Answer 27

Type I fatigue resistant type IIa moderate fatigue resistant type IIb rapidly fatigue

Question 28

Describe the type of activities each muscle fibre specialise for

Answer 28

Type I endurance type activities- long distance run type II a- assist type I and 2b activities type iib strength/anaerobic type activities

Question 29

Cardiac muscle has what which striated muscles don't have

Answer 29

Intacolating disc

Question 30

Compare the position of the nucleus in cardiac and skeletal muscle

Answer 30

Cardiac nucleus is central one or two of them per cell | skeletal nucleus and edge multi-nucleated

Question 31

What is the contract of cell in cardiac muscle called

Answer 31

Not Sarcomere, cardio my site

Question 32

Cardiac muscle can act as an endocrine tissue secreting

Answer 32

ANP - atrial natriurectic peptide | BNP-grain type natriuretic peptide

Question 33

Continued muscle contraction depends upon

Answer 33

Calcium ions | ATP

Question 34

Hypertrophy

Answer 34

Enlargement of individual cells

Question 35

Hyperplasia

Answer 35

Mitosis of cells

Question 36

Atrophy

Answer 36

Cells get smaller

Question 37

Purkinje fibres are differ to cardiac myocytes because

Answer 37

Abundant glycogen sparse myofibrils extensive gap junction sites

Question 38

Role of purkinje fibres

Answer 38

Conduct action potentials rapidly

Question 39

Heart contractions initiated in

Answer 39

Siniatrial atrial node

Question 40

The conduction travels from the SA to wear in the heart

Answer 40

Atrioventricular node

Question 41

What to smooth muscle not have that striated muscle has

Answer 41

Not striated no sarcomere no t tubules

Question 42

Compare the force of contraction of smooth muscle and striated muscles

Answer 42

Contraction a slower more sustained and requires less ATP

Question 43

Smooth muscle has the ability to do what which striated muscle cant

Answer 43

Stretch

Question 44

Mature muscle repair skeletal muscles

Answer 44

Skeletal muscle cannot divide but can regenerate by mitotic activities of satellite cells hyperplasia following muscle injury satellite cells can also fuse with existing muscle cells to increase mass hypertrophy

Question 45

Mature muscle repair in cardiac muscle

Answer 45

Adult cardiac muscle is incapable of regeneration following damage fibroblasts invade divide and laydown scar tissue Children's muscle can regenerate