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Muscles Flashcards

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1
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Abduction-arm 0-15, assists deltoid 15-90

Suprascapular nerve

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2
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Lateral rotation- arm

Suprascapular nerve

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3
Q

Teres minor

A

Lateral rotation

Axillary nerve

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4
Q

Subscapularis

A

Medial rotation- arm

Subscapular nerve

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5
Q

Subscapularis

A

Medial rotation-arm

Subscapular nerve

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6
Q

Teres minor

A

Lateral rotation -arm

Axillary nerve

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7
Q

Deltoid

A

Anterior fibres- flexion and medial rotation
Posterior fibres- extension and lateral rotation
Middle fibre- major abductor of the arm, 15-90
Axillary nerve

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8
Q

Teres major

A

Medial rotation-arm

Lower subscapular nerve

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9
Q

5 extrinsic muscles of shoulder

A 
Superficial
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Deep 
Levator Scapulae
Rhomboid Minor 
Rhomboid Major
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10
Q

Trapezius

A

Upper fibres- elevation and rotation- scapula
Middle fibres- retraction- scapula
Lower fibres- Depression- shoulder
Accessory nerve

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11
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Extension, adduction, medial rotation -arm

Thoracodorsal nerve

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12
Q

Levator scapulae

A

Elevation- scapula

Dorsal Scapular nerve

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13
Q

Rhomboid minor

A

Retraction and rotation- scapula

Dorsal scapular nerve

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14
Q

Rhomboid major

A

Retraction and rotation- scapula

Dorsal scapulae nerve

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15
Q

Muscles of the pectoral region

A

Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Serratus Anterior
Subclavius

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16
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Adduction, flexion and medial rotation

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves

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17
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Protraction and depression- scapula

Medial pectoral nerve

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18
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Protraction- scapula

Long Thoracic nerve

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19
Q

Subclavius

A

Depression- clavicle

Nerve to subclavius

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20
Q

Muscles of the upper arm

A 
Anterior compartment:
Biceps Brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis
Posterior compartment:
Triceps Brachii
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21
Q

Innervation of the upper arm

A

Anterior compartment- musculocutaneous nerve

Posterior compartment- Radial nerve

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22
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

Supination and flexion- forearm

Musculocutaneous nerve

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23
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Flexion, adduction- arm

Musculocutaneous nerve

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24
Q

Brachialis

A

Flexion- forearm

Musculocutaneous nerve

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25
Triceps Brachii
Extension- forearm | Radial nerve
26
Muscles of the forearm- anterior compartment
``` Superficial- medial to lateral FCU Palmaris longus FCR Pronator teres ``` Intermediate Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Deep Flexor Digitorum Profundus Flexor Pollicis Longus Pronator Quadratus
27
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Flexion+ adduction- wrist | Ulnar nerve
28
Innervation, function and origin of muscles in the anterior compartment of forearm
Median nerve exc. FCU Flexion- wrist+fingers Pronation Originates from a common Tendon which arises form the medial epicondyle of the humerus
29
Palmaris longus
Flexion- wrist | Median nerve
30
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexion, abduction- wrist | Median nerve
31
Pronator Teres
Pronation- forearm | Median nerve
32
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Flexion- MCPJ + PIPJ of the 4 fingers+ wrist | Median nerve
33
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Flexion- DIPJ+ wrist | Median nerve
34
Muscles of the forearm- posterior compartment
``` Superficial- lateral to medial Brachioradialis ECRL ECRB Extensor Digitorum Extensor Digiti Minimi ECU Anconeus ``` ``` Deep- lateral to medial Supinator Abductor Pollicis Longus Extensor Pollicis Longus and Brevis Extensor Indicis Proprius ```
35
Pronator Quadratus
Pronation- forearm | Median nerve
36
Muscles of the forearm- posterior compartment
``` Superficial- lateral to medial Brachioradialis ECRL ECRB Extensor Digitorum Extensor Digiti Minimi ECU Anconeus ``` ``` Deep- lateral to medial Supinator Abductor Pollicis Longus Extensor Pollicis Longus Longus and Brevis Extensor Indicis ```
37
Innervation, function and origin of muscles in the posterior compartment of forearm
Radial nerve Extension-wrist+ fingers All Deep muscles exc. supinator acts on the thumb+ index finger All Superfical muscles exc Brachioradialis+ECRL+ Anconeus have a common extensor tendon that originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus Brachioradialis+ ECRL originates from the lateral supracondylar ridge Anconeus originates from the lateral epicondyle
38
Extensor Digitorum
Extension-MCPJ + IPJ of medial 4 fingers Radial nerve To test the function of this muscle, the forearm is pronates and fingers are extended against resistance
39
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus | Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Extension+ Abduction- wrist | Radial nerve
40
Extensor Digitorum
Extension-MCPJ + IPJ of medial 4 dingers Radial nerve To test the function of this muscle, the forearm is pronates and fingers are extended against resistance
41
Extensor Digiti Minimi
Extension- little finger+ wrist | Radial nerve
42
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Extension + adduction- wrist | Radial nerve
43
Anconeus
Extension- forearm (assists triceps) Abduction- ulna during pronation Radial nerve
44
Supinator
Supination- forearm | Radial nerve
45
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Abduction-thumb | Radial nerve
46
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Extension- MCPJ+ IPJ of thumb | Radial nerve
47
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Extension- CMCJ+MCPJ+IPJ of thumb | Radial nerve
48
Extensor Indicis Proprius
Extension- index finger | Radial nerve
49
Muscles of the Hand
``` Intrinsic muscles- located within the hand itself Thenar muscles- lateral to medial Opponens Pollicis Abductor Pollicis Brevis Flexor Pollicis Brevis ``` Hypothenar muscles Deep- Opponens Digiti Minimi Superficial- Abductor Digiti Minimi Lateral to ADM- Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis 1st- 4th Lumbrical Muscles- lateral to medial Interossei Dorsal Interossei Muscles Palmar Interossei Muscles Palmaris Brevis Adductor Pollicis
50
Innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the hand
All Ulnar nerve exc. Thenar muscles and lateral 2 Interossei
51
Opponens Pollicis
Medial rotation+flexion -thumb | Median nerve
52
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Abduction- thumb | Median nerve
53
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Flexion- MCPJ- thumb | Median nerve
54
Opponens Digiti Minimi
Rotation- little finger (Opposition) | Ulnar nerve
55
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Abduction- little finger | Ulnar nerve
56
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Flexion- MCPJ- little finger | Ulnar nerve
57
Lumbricals
Flexion- MCPJ- fingers Extension- IPJ- fingers Lateral 2 lumbricals- median nerve Medial 2 lumbricals- ulnar nerve
58
Dorsal Interossei
Abduction- MCPJ- fingers | Ulnar nerve
59
Palmar Interossei
Adduction- MCPJ- fingers | Ulnar nerve
60
Palmaris Brevis
Small, thin muscle found superficially in the Subcutaneous muscle of the hypothenar eminence Wrinkles skin- hypothenar eminence Deepens hollow of hand- assists grip Ulnar nerve
61
Adductor Pollicis
Large triangular muscle, two heads, palm Adduction- thumb Ulnar nerve
62
Bounderies of the axilla
Apex- Lat. border of 1st rib, Sup. Border of scapula, Post. Border of clavicle Lateral wall- intertubercular groove of the humerus Medial wall- serratus anterior and the thoracic wall( ribs and intercostal muscles) Anterior wall- Pectoralis major and minor Posterior wall- Subscapularis, Teres Major, Latissmus Dorsi Base- skin of armpit and axillary fascia from arm to thoracic wall
63
Contents of the axilla
Axillary artery and branches Axillary vein and branches Axillary lymph nodes Brachial plexus
64
Bounderies of the anatomical snuffbox
Ulnar(medial border)- Tendon of Extensor Pollicis Longus Radial(Lateral border)- Tendons of Abductor Pollicis Longus and Extensor Pollicis Brevis Proximal border-Styloid process of radius Floor- carpal bones- scaphoid and trapezium Roof- Skin
65
Contents of their cubital fossa
``` Lateral to Medial- Radial nerve Biceps tendon Brachial artery Median nerve ```
66
Bounderies of the anatomical snuffbox
Ulnar(medial border)- Tendon of Extensor Pollicis Longus Radial(Lateral border)- Tendons of Abductor Pollicis Longus and Extensor Pollicis Brevis Proximal border-Styloid process of radius Roof- Skin
67
Contents of the anatomical Snuffbox
Radial artery Superficial branch of the radial nerve Cephalic vein
68
Bounderies of the carpal tunnel
Carpel Arch- Lat.- Scaphoid, Trapezium tubercles Med.- hook of hamate, pisiform Superficial flexor retinaculum-roof
69
Function of the Superficial flexor retinaculum
Hold the tendons to the bony plane at the wrists and prevents them from bowing
70
Contents in the Carpel tunnel
``` 9 tendons- surrounded by synovial sheath Tendon of Flexor Pollicis Longus 4 Tendons of Flexor Digitorum Profundus 4 Tendons of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Median nerve ```
71
Carpel tunnel Syndrome- cause
Compression of median nerve | Inflammation of synovial sheath, fluid retention, infection
72
Carpel Tunnel Syndrome- Symptoms
Pain or parathesia in the distribution of the median nerve Palm is spared as the palmar cutaneous branch does not travel through the carpel tunnel Symptoms associated with waking from sleep and worse in the mornings Diagnosis- Tinnel’s sign Phalen’s test
73
Muscles of the Gluteal region
``` Superficial abductors and extenders Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia Lata ``` ``` Deep lateral rotators-sup to inf Piriformis Gemelli superior Obturator Internus Gemelli inferior Quadratus femorus ```
74
Gluteus Maximus
Extension-thigh Assists Lateral rotation-thigh Inferior Gluteal Nerve
75
Gluteus Medius
Abduction + Medial Rotation- thigh Secures pelvis during locomotion Superior Gluteal Nerve
76
Gluteus Minimus
Abduction + Medial rotation thigh Secures pelvis during locomotion Superior Gluteal Nerve
77
Tensor Fascia Lata
Lies towards to the anterior edge of the iliac crest Assists Gluteus Medius and Minimus in Abduction of the lower limb Superior Gluteal Nerve
78
General actions of deep Gluteal muscles
Lateral rotation- thigh | Stabilise hip joint by pulling the femoral head into acetabulum of the pelvis
79
Piriformus
Lateral rotation+ Abduction- thigh | Nerve to piriformus
80
Gemelli Superior
Lateral rotation+ Abduction- thigh | Nerve to Obturator Internus
81
Obturator Internus
Lateral rotation+ Abduction | Nerve to Obturator Internus
82
Gemelli Inferior
Lateral rotation+ Abduction | Nerve to Quadratus Femoris
83
Quadratus Femoris
Lateral Rotation | Nerve to Quadratus Femoris
84
Muscles in the Anterior Compartment of the thigh
``` Iliopsoas -Iliacus - Psoas major Quadriceps Femoris - Vastus Lateralis - Vastus Intermedius - Vastus Medialis - Rectus Femoris Sartorius Pectineus ```
85
Insertion, Innervation and Function of muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh
Iliopsoas Insertion- common tendon, insert onto the lesser trochanter of the femur Flexion- thigh Quadriceps Femoris Quadriceps Tendon- attach to patella Main extensor of the Knee All muscles exc. Psoas Major- Femoral nerve
86
Iliacus
Flexion- thigh | Femoral nerve
87
Psoas Major
Flexion- thigh | Anterior rami of L1-3
88
Vastus Lateralis Vastus Intermedius Vastus Medialis
Extension- leg Stabilises Patella Femoral nerve
89
Rectus Femoris
Flexion- thigh | Extension- leg
90
Sartorius
Flexion+ Adduction+ Lateral rotation- Thigh Flexion- Leg Femoral nerve
91
Pectineus
Adduction+ Flexion- Thigh | Femoral Nerve
92
Muscles in the Medial Compartment of the thigh
Hip Adductors- Inf- Sup - Adductor Magnus - Adductor Longus - Adductor Brevis - Obturator externus Gracilis- most superficial
93
Innervation, Arterial supply of the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh
Obturator Nerve | Obturator artery
94
Adductor Magnus
Adduction- Thigh Adductor Component- Flexion- thigh Obturator nerve Hamstring Component- Extension- thigh Tibial nerve
95
Adductor Longus
Adduction- thigh | Obturator nerve
96
Adductor Brevis
Adduction- thigh | Obturator nerve
97
Obturator Externus
Adduction+ lateral rotation- thigh | Obturator nerve
98
Gracilis
Adduction- thigh Flexion- leg Obturator nerve
99
Muscles in the Posterior Compartment of the Thigh
Hamstrings- Lat- med - Biceps Femoris - Semitendinosis - Semimembranosus
100
Innervation and function of the Muscles in the Posterior Compartment of the Thigh
``` Sciatic nerve All exc the short head - tibial part Short Head- Common Fibular part Flexion- Leg Extension- Thigh ```
101
Biceps Femoris
Flexion- Leg Extension- Thigh Lateral Rotation- Thigh+ Leg
102
Semitendinosus
Flexion- Leg Extension- Thigh Medial Rotation- Thigh+ Leg
103
Semimembranosus
Flexion- Leg Extension- Thigh Medial Rotation- Thigh+ Leg
104
Muscles in the Anterior Compartment of the Leg
Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Fibularis Tertius
105
Innervation, blood supply and action of the muscles in the Anterior Compartment of the Leg
Deep Fibular nerve Anterior Tibial artery Dorsiflexion and Inversion- foot
106
Tibialis Anterior
Dorsiflexion+ inversion- foot | Deep Fibular Nerve
107
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extension- lateral 4 toes Dorsiflexion- Foot Deep Fibular Nerve
108
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Extension- great toe Dorsiflexion- Foot Deep Fibular Nerve
109
Fibularis Tertius
Eversion+ Dorsiflexion- foot | Deep Fibular nerve
110
Muscles in the Lateral Compartment of the Leg
Fibularis Longus | Fibularis - deeper and shorter
111
Innervation and function of the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg
Superficial Fibular nerve- Peroneal nerve | Eversion
112
Fibularis Longus
Eversion+ plantarflexion- foot Support Lateral and Transverse arch Superficial Fibular nerve- peroneal nerve
113
Fibularis Brevis
Eversion of the foot | Superficial Fibular nerve- Peroneal nerve
114
Muscles in the posterior compartment of the Leg
Superficial Muscles Gastrocnemius Plantaris Soleus ``` Deep Muscles Popliteus Med-Lat in medial view of tendons Tibialis Posterior Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus ```
115
Innervation, function and insertion of muscles in the posterior compartment of the Leg
Tibial nerve Plantarflexion+ Inversion- foot Superficial muscles- calcaneal tendon- calcaneus
116
Gastrocnemius
Plantarflexion- foot Flexion- Knee Tibial nerve
117
Plantaris
Plantarflexion Flexion- Knee Tibial nerve
118
Soleus
Plantarflexion- foot | Tibial nerve
119
Popliteus
Lateral rotation- femur on tibia Unlocking- knee joint- flexion Tibial nerve
120
Tibialis Posterior
Invertion and Plantarflexion- foot Maintains Medial Arch Tibial nerve
121
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexion- lateral 4 toes | Tibial nerve
122
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Flexion- great toe | Tibial nerve
123
Muscles of the Foot
Instrinsic- located within the foot Dorsal- lat- med - Extensor Digitorum Brevis - Extensor Hallucis Plantar- 10 First Layer- med- lat - Adductor Hallucis - Flexor Digitorum Brevis - Abductor Second Layer -Flexor digitorum tendons - Quadratus Plantae - Lumbricals Third Layer- med- lat - Flexor Hallucis Brevis - Adductor Hallucis - Flexor Digiti Minimi Fourth Layer - Plantar Interossei - Dorsal Interossei
124
Innervation and function of muscles of the foot
Dorsal Deep Fibular nerve Assists extrinsic muscles Plantar Medial or Lateral Plantar Nerve (branches of tibial) Stabilise arches of foot Control movements of digits
125
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Extension- MTPJ+IPJ - lateral 4 toes | Deep Fibular nerve
126
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
Extension- MTPJ- Great toe | Deep Fibular nerve
127
Abductor Hallucis
Abduction+ flexion- Great tor | Medial Plantar Nerve
128
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Flexion- PIPJ- lateral 4 digits | Medial Plantar Nerve
129
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Abduction+ Flexion- 5th Digit | Lateral Plantar Nerve
130
Quadratus Plantae
Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexion- lateral 4 digits | Lateral Plantar nerve
131
Lumbricals
Flexion- MTPJ Extension- IPJ Medial 2- Medial plantar nerve Lateral 3- lateral plantar nerve
132
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Flexion- MTPJ- great toe | Medial Plantar nerve
133
Adductor Hallucis
Adduction- great toe Assists in forming transverse arch Deep branch of Lateral plantar nerve
134
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Flexion- MCPJ- 5th digit | Lateral Plantar nerve
135
Plantar Interossei
Adduction- digits 2-4 Flexion- MTPJ Lateral Plantar nerve
136
Dorsal Interossei
Adduction- digits 2-4 Flexion- MTPJ Lateral Plantar nerve
137
Bounderies of the Femoral Triangle
``` Sup- Inguinal Ligament Lat- Medial border of Satorius Med.- Medial border of Adductor Longus Floor- Pectineus, Iliopsoas and adductor longus Roof- Fascia Lata ```
138
Contents of the Femoral Triangle
``` Lat-med Femoral Nerve Femoral artery Femoral Vein Femoral Canal- lymph nodes ```
139
Borders of the Popliteal Fossa
Superomedial- Semimembranosus Superolateral- Biceps Femoris Inferomedial- Medial head of gastrocnemius Inferolateral- lateral head of gastrocnemius and plantaris Floor- Posterior surface of Femur Roof- Popliteal fascia+ skin
140
Contents of the Popliteal Fossa
Medial to lateral- Popliteal artery Popliteal vein Tibial nerve

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