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204: The Musculoskeletal System > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Origin: medial half of clavicle, sternum, upper costal cartilages

Insertion: lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus

Function: adduction, flexion, extension, medial rotation

Nerve supply: lateral and medial pectoral nerves

Blood supply: pectoral branch of thoracoacromial trunk

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2
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Origin: sternal end of ribs 3-5

Insertion: coracoid process

Function: depresses shoulder forward and downward

Nerve supply: medial pectoral nerve

Blood supply: pectoral branch of thoracoacromial trunk

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3
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Origin: upper 8 ribs

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Function: draws scapula forwards, rotates scapula so glenoid cavity faces upwards

Nerve supply: long thoracic nerve

Blood supply: circumflex humeral artery

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4
Q

Deltoid

A

Origin: lateral 1/3rd clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity

Function: abduction, ant (flexion and medial rotation), post (extends and lateral rotation)

Nerve supply: axillary nerve

Blood supply: posterior circumflex humeral artery

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5
Q

Teres major

A

Origin: dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula

Insertion: medial lip of intertubercular sulcus

Function: adduction, medial rotation

Nerve supply: lower subscapular nerve from posterior cord

Blood supply: subscapular artery, circumflex scapular artery

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6
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: superior facet of greater tuberosity of humerus

Function: initiates abduction of arm

Nerve supply: suprascapular nerve

Blood supply: suprascapular artery

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7
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Origin: infraspinatus fossa of scapula

Insertion: middle facet of greater tuberosity of humerus

Function: laterally rotates arm

Nerve supply: suprascapular nerve

Blood supply: suprascapular artery, circumflex scapular artery

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8
Q

Teres minor

A

Origin: inferior angle of scapula

Insertion: inferior facet of greater tuberosity of humerus

Function: laterally rotates arm

Nerve supply: axillary nerve

Blood supply: subscapular artery, circumflex scapular artery

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9
Q

Subscapularis

A

Origin: subscapular fossa of scapula

Insertion: lesser tuberosity of humerus

Function: medial rotation, abduction

Nerve supply: upper and lower subscapular nerve

Blood supply: subscapular artery

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10
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Origin: coracoid process of scapula, conjoint tendon with short head of biceps

Insertion: medial aspect, half way down shaft of humerus

Function: arm flexion, adduction

Nerve supply: musculocutaenous nerve

Blood supply: brachial artery

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11
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Origin: long head supraglenoid tubercle of scapula, short head coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: radial tuberosity

Function: flexor of shoulder, flexor of elbow, supinator of forearm

Nerve supply: musculocutaneous nerve

Blood supply: brachial artery

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12
Q

Brachialis

A

Origin: distal half of anterior humerus

Insertion: coronoid process of ulna

Function: major flexor of forearm

Nerve supply: musculocutaneous nerve

Blood supply: brachial artery, recurrent radial artery

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13
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Origin: long head infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, lateral head posterior aspect of humerus above spiral groove of humerus, medial head posterior aspect of humerus below spiral groove

Insertion: olecranon process of ulna

Function: extensor of forearm

Nerve supply: radial nerve

Blood supply: profunda brachii artery

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14
Q

Pronator teres

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna

Insertion: middle of lateral surface of radius

Function: pronates forearm, flexes forearm

Nerve supply: median nerve

Blood supply: ulnar artery

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15
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Function: flexes wrist, abducts hand

Nerve supply: median nerve

Blood supply: ulnar artery

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16
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin: medial epicondyle, medial margin on olecranon of ulna

Insertion: pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal bone

Function: flexes wrist, adducts hand

Nerve supply: ulnar nerve

Blood supply: ulnar artery

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17
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: distal half of flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis

Function: flexes hand, tightens palmar aponeurosis

Nerve supply: median nerve

Blood supply: ulnar artery

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18
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Origin: humeoulnar head-medial epicondyle, ulnar collateral ligament and coronoid process of ulna; radial head- superior half of anterior border of radius

Insertion: middle phalanges of digits 2-5

Function: flexes phalanges at PIP and DIP for 2-5

Nerve supply: median nerve

Blood supply: ulnar artery

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19
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

Origin: distal 1/4 of anterior surface of ulna

Insertion: distal 1/4 of anterior surface of radius

Function: pronates forearm

Nerve supply: anterior interosseous nerve- branch of median nerve

Blood supply: anterior interosseous artery

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20
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

Origin: anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane

Insertion: base of distal phalanx of digit 1

Function: flexes phalanges of thumb

Nerve supply: anterior interosseous nerve- branch of median nerve

Blood supply: anterior interosseous artery

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21
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A

Origin: proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion: base of distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Function: flexes distal phalanges at DIP for 2-5, assists with flexion of hand

Nerve supply: medial part- ulnar nerve; lateral part- anterior interosseous nerve- branch of median nerve

Blood supply: ulnar artery, interosseous artery

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22
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Origin: above lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal

Function: extend wrist, abduct wrist

Nerve supply: radial nerve

Blood supply: radial artery

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23
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal

Function: extend wrist, adduct wrist

Nerve supply: radial nerve

Blood supply: radial artery

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24
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Function: extends digits 2-5 at metacarpophalangeal joint, extends hand at wrist

Nerve supply: posterior interosseous nerve

Blood supply: interosseous recurrent artery, post interosseous artery

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25
Extensor digiti minimi
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: proximal and distal phalanx of digit 5 Function: extends 5th digit at metacarpophalangeal joint, extends 5th digit at interphalangeal joint Nerve supply: post interosseous nerve Blood supply: interosseous recurrent artery
26
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior border of ulna Insertion: dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal Function: extends wrist, adducts wrist Nerve supply: posterior interosseous nerve Blood supply: ulnar artery
27
Brachioradialis
Origin: lateral supracondyle ridge of humerus Insertion: styloid process of radius Function: flexes forearm when half pronated Nerve supply: radial nerve Blood supply: radial recurrent artery
28
Supinator
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, crest of ulna Insertion: lateral, proximal 1/3 of radius Function: supinates forearm Nerve supply: deep branch of radial nerve Blood supply: recurrent interosseous artery
29
Aconeus
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: lateral surface of the olecranon, superior aspect of posterior surface of ulna Function: assists triceps in extending forearm, stabilises elbow joint, abducts ulna during pronation Nerve supply: radial nerve Blood supply: deep brachial artery, recurrent interosseous artery
30
Abductor pollicis longus
Origin: posterior surface of ulna, radius, interosseous membrane Insertion: base of 1st metacarpal Function: abducts digit 1, extends at carpometacarpal joint Nerve supply: posterior interosseous nerve Blood supply: posterior interosseous artery
31
Extensor pollicis brevis
Origin: posterior surface of radius, interosseous membrane Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of digit 1 Function: extends proximal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal joint Nerve supply: posterior interosseous nerve Blood supply: posterior interosseous artery
32
Extensor pollicis longus
Origin: posterior surface of middle 1/3rd of ulna, interosseous membrane Insertion: base of distal phalanx of thumb Function: extends digit 1 at phalanx at carpometacarpal joint, extends digit 1 at interphalangeal joint Nerve supply: posterior interosseous nerve Blood supply: posterior interosseous artery
33
Extensor indicis
Origin: posterior surface of ulna, interosseous membrane Insertion: extensor expansion of 2nd digit Function: extends 2nd digit, helps extend hand Nerve supply: posterior interosseous nerve Blood supply: posterior interosseous artery
34
Adductor pollicis
Origin: oblique head- base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal; transverse head- 3rd metacarpal Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb Function: adducts thumb Nerve supply: deep branch of ulnar nerve Blood supply: deep palmar arch
35
Lumbricals
Origin: flexor digitorum profundus Insertion: dorsal digital expansion of digits 2,4,5 Function: adducts digits, assists lumbricals Nerve supply: deep branch of ulnar nerve Blood supply: palmar metacarpal arteries
36
Palmar interossei (3)
Origin: 2nd, 4th, 5th metacarpals Insertion: dorsal digital expansions of digits 2,4,5 Function: adduct digits, assists lumbricals Nerve supply: deep branch of ulnar nerve Blood supply: palmar metacarpal arteries
37
Dorsal interossei (4)
Origin: adjacent sides of metacarpals Insertion: dorsal digital expansions Function: abduct digits, assist lumbricals Nerve supply: deep branch of ulnar nerve Blood supply: dorsal metacarpal arteries, palmar metacarpal arteries
38
Abductor pollicis brevis
Origin: flexor retinaculum, tubercles of scaphoid, trapezium Insertion: proximal phalanx of digit 1 Function: abducts thumb, helps opposition Nerve supply: recurrent branch of median nerve Blood supply: superficial palmar branch of radial artery
39
Flexor pollicis brevis
Origin: flexor retinaculum, trapezium Insertion: proximal phalanx of digit 1 Function: flexes thumb Nerve supply: recurrent branch of median nerve Blood supply: superficial palmar branch of radial artery
40
Opponens pollicis
Origin: pisiform, hamate, flexor retinaculum Insertion: proximal phalanx of digit 5 Function: abducts little finger Nerve supply: deep branch of ulnar nerve Blood supply: ulnar artery
41
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Origin: hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum Insertion: proximal phalanx of digit 5 Function: flexes digit 5 Nerve supply: deep branch of ulnar nerve Blood supply: ulnar artery
42
Opponens digit minimi
Origin: hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum, pisiform Insertion: medial border of 5th metacarpal Function: draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, brings little finger into opposition with thumb Nerve supply: deep branch of ulnar nerve Blood supply: ulnar artery
43
Trapezius
Origin: upper fibres- external occipital protuberance of skull, spines of cervical vertebrae via ligamentum nuchae; middle fibres- spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae; lower fibres- spinous processes of lower thoracic vertebrae Insertion: upper fibres- lateral 1/3rd clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula; middle fibres- spine of scapula; lower fibres- spine of scapula more medially Function: stabilises scapula, rotates upper and lower together; upper firbes- elevate scapula, abducts arm; middle fibres- retract scapula, adducts scapula; lower fibres- depress scapula Nerve supply: spinal root of accessory nerve, cranial nerves Blood supply: transverse cervical artery
44
Latissimus dorsi
Origin: thoracolumbar fascia, posterior 1/3rd of iliac crest, spines of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae Insertion: floor of the intertubercular sulcus of humerus Function: medial rotation of arm, adduction, extension Nerve supply: thoracodorsal nerve Blood supply: thoracodorsal artery
45
Levator scapulae
Origin: posterior aspect of transverse processes of upper 4 cervical vertebrae Insertion: superomedial angle of scapula Function: elevates scapula Nerve supply: dorsal scapular nerve Blood supply: dorsal scapular artery
46
Rhomboids
Origin: spines of C7, upper 5 thoracic vertebrae Insertion: medial border of scapula Function: retracts scapula, rotates scapula Nerve supply: dorsal scapular nerve Blood supply: dorsal scapular artery
47
Serratus posterior superior
Origin: lower cervical spinous processes, upper thoracic spinous processes Insertion: upper ribs Function: elevates upper ribs, respiration Nerve supply: anterior primary rami (T2-5) Blood supply: posterior intercostal arteries, dorsal scapular artery
48
Serratus posterior inferior
Origin: lower thoracic spinous processes, upper lumbar spinous processes Insertion: lower ribs Function: depresses lower ribs, respiration Nerve supply: anterior primary rami (T9-12) Blood supply: branches from lumbar arteries
49
Splenius capitis
Origin: lower half of nuchal ligament Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone, occipital bone Function: head extension, lateral flexion, rotation of cervical spine Nerve supply: posterior ramus of spinal nerves C3 and C4 Blood supply: muscular branches of aorta
50
Splenius cervicis
Origin: spinous processes of 3rd to 6th thoracic vertebrae Insertion: transverse processes of upper 2 or 3 cervical vertebrae Function: extension of cervical spine, rotation to ipsilateral side, lateral flexion to ipsilateral side Nerve supply: dorsal primary rami of C5-C7 Blood supply: superior intercostal artery
51
Spinales
Origin: erector spinae aponeurosis Insertion: thoracic spinous processes, skull Function: bilaterally- extend vertebral column and head; unilaterally- laterally flex vertebral column Nerve supply: dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves Blood supply: deep cervical artery, posterior intercostal artery, subcostal artery
52
Longissimus
Origin: erector spinae aponeurosis Insertion: thoracic and cervical transverse processes, ribs Function: bilaterally- extend vertebral column and head; unilaterally- laterally flex vertebral column Nerve supply: dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves Blood supply: deep cervical artery, posterior intercostal artery, subcostal artery
53
Iliocostalis
Origin: erector spinae aponeurosis Insertion: ribs, cervical transverse processes Function: bilaterally- extend vertebral column and head; unilaterally- laterally flex vertebral column Nerve supply: dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves Blood supply: deep cervical artery, posterior intercostal artery, subcostal artery, lumbar artery
54
Multifidus
Origin: transverse processes, upper thoracic and neck region Insertion: spinous processes Function: stabilises the vertebral column Nerve supply: dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves Blood supply: deep cervical artery, posterior intercostal artery, subcostal artery, lumbar artery
55
Semispinalis
Origin: transverse processes Insertion: spinous processes Function: extend and rotate head and vertebral column Nerve supply: dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves Blood supply: deep cervical artery, posterior intercostal artery, subcostal artery, lumbar artery
56
Gluteus maximus (superficial)
Origin: ilium, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament Insertion: gluteal tuberosity, iliotibial tract Function: extension, lateral rotation, supports extended knee Nerve supply: inferior gluteal nerve Blood supply: inferior gluteal vessels
57
Gluteus medius
Origin: ilium Insertion: greater trochanter Function: abduction, medial rotation Nerve supply: superior gluteal nerve Blood supply: superior gluteal vessels
58
Gluteus minimus
Origin: ilium Insertion: greater trochanter Function: abduction, medial rotation Nerve supply: superior gluteal nerve Blood supply: superior gluteal vessels
59
Piriformis
Origin: anterior surface of sacrum Insertion: greater trochanter Function: lateral rotation of extended thigh Nerve supply: branches from sacral plexus Blood supply: superior and inferior gluteal arteries
60
Gemellus superior/ obturator internus/ gemelles inferior/ quadratus femoris
Origin: ischium/ ischiopubic ramus Insertion: greater trochanter Function: stabilise hip, lateral rotation Nerve supply: branches from sacral plexus Blood supply: inferior gluteal artery
61
Quadriceps femoris - rectus femoris - vastus laterallis - vastus medialis - vastus intermedius
Origin: rectus femoris- anterior inferior iliac spine; others all femur Insertion: tibial tuberosity Function: extend knee, flex hip Nerve supply: femoral nerve Blood supply: femoral artery
62
Sartorius
Origin: anterior superior iliac spine Insertion: tibia Function: flexes thigh, flexes leg Nerve supply: femoral nerve Blood supply: femoral artery
63
Hamstrings - semimebranosus - semitendinosis - biceps femoris (long and short head)
Origin: ischial tuberosity; short head of biceps femoris is shaft of femur Insertion: semimemranosus and semitendinosus- tibia; biceps femoris- head of fibula Function: flex knee, extend hip, medial rotation, lateral rotation Nerve supply: sciatic nerve- tibial component; short head of biceps femoris- common fibular nerve Blood supply: profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery
64
Pectineus
Origin: pubis Insertion: femur (below less trochanter) Function: adduction Nerve supply: femoral nerve Blood supply: medial femoral circumflex artery
65
Adductor longus
Origin: pubis Insertion: linea aspera Function: adduction Nerve supply: obturator nerve Blood supply: obturator artery, medial femoral circumflex artery
66
Gracilis
Origin: pubis Insertion: medial aspect of superior end of tibia Function: adduction Nerve supply: obturator nerve Blood supply: medial femoral circumflex artery
67
Adductor brevis
Origin: pubis Insertion: linea aspera Function: adduction Nerve supply: obturator nerve Blood supply: obturator artery, medial femoral circumflex artery
68
Adductor magnus - adductor part - hamstring part
Origin: adductor part- ischiopubic ramus; hamstring part- ischial tuberosity Insertion: adductor part- whole length of linea aspera; hamstring part- adductor tubercle of femur Function: adduction; hamstring part- extension Nerve supply: adductor part- obturator nerve; hamstring part- sciatic nerve Blood supply: medial circumflex femoral artery
69
Tibialis anterior
Origin: anterior aspect of tibia/ fibula, interosseous membrane Insertion: medial cuneiform bone, first metatarsal Function: dorsiflexion of ankle, inverts foot Nerve supply: deep peroneal nerve Blood supply: anterior tibial artery
70
Extensor digitorum longus
Origin: anterior aspect of tibia/ fibula, interosseous membrane Insertion: middle and distal phalanx of toes 2-5 Function: dorsiflexion of ankle, extend lateral 4 toes Nerve supply: deep peroneal nerve Blood supply: anterior tibial artery
71
Extensor hallucis longus
Origin: anterior aspect of tibia/ fibula Insertion: distal phalanx of great toe Function: dosriflexion of ankle, extends great toe Nerve supply: deep peroneal nerve Blood supply: anterior tibial artery
72
Gastrocnemius | - two heads
Origin: both condyles of femur Insertion: calcaneus Function: leg flexion, plantarflexion Nerve supply: tibial nerve Blood supply: sural artery- branch of popliteal artery
73
Soleus
Origin: tibia, fibula, soleal line Insertion: calcaneus Function: leg flexion, plantar flexion Nerve supply: tibial nerve Blood supply: peroneal artery- proximally; posterior tibial artery- distally
74
Plantaris
Origin: femur Insertion: calcaneus Function: leg flexion, plantar flexion Nerve supply: tibial nerve Blood supply: sural arteries
75
Popliteus
Origin: posterior tibia Insertion: lateral condyle of femur, lateral meniscus Function: laterally rotates femur on tibia to unlock knee Nerve supply: tibial nerve Blood supply: branch from popliteal artery, branch from posterior tibial artery
76
Flexor hallucis longus
Origin: fibula Insertion: distal phalanx of great toe Function: plantar flex ankle, flex great toe Nerve supply: tibial nerve Blood supply: branch from peroneal artery, branch from posterior tibial artery
77
Flexor digitorum longus
Origin: tibia Insertion: distal phalanx of toes 2-5 Function: plantar flex ankle, flex lateral 4 toes Nerve supply: tibial nerve Blood supply: branch from posterior tibial artery
78
Tibialis posterior
Origin: tibia, fibula Insertion: navicular, medial cuneiform Function: plantar flex ankle, inverter of foot Nerve supply: tibial nerve Blood supply: posterior tibial artery
79
Peroneus longus
Origin: upper lateral surface of fibula Insertion: medial cuneiform bone, first metatarsal Function: everts foot, plantarflexion Nerve supply: superficial peroneal nerve Blood supply: anterior tibial artery, peroneal arteries
80
Peroneus brevis
Origin: lower lateral surface of fibula Insertion: fifth metatarsal bone Function: evert foot Nerve supply: superficial peroneal nerve Blood supply: peroneal artery
81
Extensor digitorum brevis
Origin: calcaneus Insertion: proximal dorsal region of middle phalanges 2,3,4 Function: extension of metatarsophalangeal joint of digit 1, extension of toes Nerve supply: deep peroneal nerve Blood supply: peroneal artery

204: The Musculoskeletal System (23 decks)

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