Muscles

Question 1

briefly describe the position of tibialis anterior

Answer 1

anterior compartment of the leg, lateral to the anterior border of the tibia.

Question 2

give the attachments of tibialis anterior

Answer 2

proximal - upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia and adjoining part of the interosseous membrane.
distal - tendon attaches to the medial side of the medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal; blends with that of peroneus longus

Question 3

state the action of the tibialis anterior muscle

Answer 3

dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle

(when working with tibialis posterior) inverts the foot so the sole faces medially

Question 4

name the nerve supply to tibialis anterior

Answer 4

deep peroneal nerve L4 L5

Question 5

give one functional activity in which the tibialis anterior muscle is working

Answer 5

clears the foot from the ground in swing phase of walking. balancing on one foot

Question 6

briefly decribe the gastrocnemius and its position

Answer 6

most superficial muscle of the posterior lower leg. Has a lateral and medial head which blend together to form the shape of the calf and blend to form the Achilles Tendon

Question 7

give the attachments of gastrocnemius

Answer 7

proximal - arises from 2 heads which form the lower bounderies of the popliteal fossa. medial head to the posterior medial condyle of the femur, posterior to the adductor tubercle. lateral head to the lateral posterior surface of the lateral condyle, posterior the epicondyle.
distal - tendocalcaneus (achilies tendon) to the posterior surface of the calcaneus.

Question 8

name the nerve which supplies gastrocnemius

Answer 8

tibial nerve S1 S2

Question 9

state the action of gastrocnemius

Answer 9

planterflexor of the ankle, flexor of the knee

Question 10

give one functional activity in which gastrocnemius is active

Answer 10

jumping phase of a jump - planter flexing and pushing off the ground.

Question 11

give the position of peroneus longus and name the other muscles that share the position.

Answer 11

long thin muscle situated in the lateral compatment of the leg, superficial to Peroneus brevis.
Runs behind the lateral malleolus passing deep to the superficial peroneal retinaculum.

Question 12

state the attachment of peroneus longus

Answer 12

proximal - lateral condyle of the tibia and upper 2-thirds of the lateral surface of the fibula. lateral side of head of fibula.
distal - plantar and lateral surface of the medial cuneiform and base of the 1st metatarsal

Question 13

State the action of peroneal longus

Answer 13

Eversion of the foot and Plantarflexion of the ankle Supports the lateral longitudinal and transverse arch of the foot

Question 14

Give the nerve supply of peroneal Longus

Answer 14

Superficial peroneal L5 S1

Question 15

Give a functional activity for peroneal longus

Answer 15

standing on one leg, walking on uneven ground

Question 16

Give the nerve supply of peroneal Brevis

Answer 16

Peroneal nerve

L5,S1

Question 17

state the attachment of peroneus brevis

Answer 17

Proximal- Lower 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula (anterior to Peroneus Longus)

Distal -Styloid process on the lateral side of base of 5th M

Question 18

State the action of peroneal brevis

Answer 18

Eversion & plantarflexion of foot

Question 19

State the muscles of the lateral compartment and the nerve innervation

Answer 19

PERoneal longus/brevis supplied by the suPERficial peroneal nerve L5, S1

Question 20

state the attachment of soleus

Answer 20

Proximal - Soleal line, posterior surface of tibia
Posterior surface of upper ⅓ of fibula, incl. fibula head

Distal - Fuses with tendon of gastrocnemius to form upper part of tendocalcaneus, into middle facet of post. surface of the calcaneus

Question 21

Stare the action of soleus

Answer 21

Plantarflexion at ankle

Question 22

State the nerve of soleus

Answer 22

Tibial nerve

S1-2

Question 23

State the Attachment of plantaris

Answer 23

Proximal - Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur, above lateral head of Gastrocnemius, Adjacent part of popliteal surface of femur

Distal - Medial side of tendocalcaneus, into posterior surface of the calcaneus

Question 24

State the Action of plantaris

Answer 24

Plantarflexion at ankle (weak)
Knee flexion (weak)

Question 25

State the nerve of plantaris

Answer 25

Tibial nerve | S1-2

Question 26

State the muscles of superficial posterior compartment, their action and innervation

Answer 26

Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris All muscles insert into the calcaneus via the tendocalcaneus. All muscles plantarflex the foot All muscles are innervated by the tibial nerve S1-S2

Question 27

State the attachments of the following muscles | popliteus

Answer 27

Proximal - Outer surface of lateral femoral condyle, below epicondyle Distal - Posterior surface of proximal tibia, above soleal line

Question 28

``` State the action of the following muscles popliteus Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus (FDL) Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) ```

Answer 28

Popliteus -Unlocks the knee - LR femur on fixed tibia Knee flexor assister during flexed knee Tib post - Inversion of foot Assists plantarflexion of ankle Assists support of M longitudinal arch FDL - Flexion of toes 2-5 at DIP,PIP and MTP joints Assists plantarflexion of ankle FHL - Flexion of toes 2-5 at DIP,PIP and MTP joints Assists plantarflexion of ankle

Question 29

``` State the innervation of the following muscles popliteus Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus (FDL) Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) ```

Answer 29

Popliteus - Tibial nerve L5 Tib post - Tibial nerve L4-5 FDL - Tibial nerve L5, S1-S2 FHL - Tibial nerve S1-S2

Question 30

State the attachment of tibialis posterior

Answer 30

Proximal - Medial part-posterior surface of the tibia and interosseous membrane Lateral part- proximal posterior surface of fibula Distal - Medial side of navicular tuberosity & plantar surface of medial cuneiform, Slips to plantar surfaces of all tarsal bones except talus

Question 31

State the attachment of flexor digitorum longus (FDL)

Answer 31

Proximal - Postero-medial surface of tibia | Distal - 4 tendons to plantar aspect of the bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Question 32

State the attachment of flexor hallucis longus (FHL)

Answer 32

Proximal - Lower ⅔ of posterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane Distal - Plantar surface of the base of the distal phalanx of the great toe

Question 33

State the muscles of the deep posterior compartment and action and nerve

Answer 33

Popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus All muscles are supplied by the tibial nerve All muscles except popliteus assist in plantarflexion of the ankle

Question 34

State the attachments of extensor digitorum longus (EDL)

Answer 34

Proximal - Upper 2/3 anterior surface fibula, adjacent interosseous membrane & Lateral tibial condyle Distal - Extensor hood (dorsal digital expansion), dorsal aspect of Base of middle & distal phalanges of toes 2-5

Question 35

State the attachments of extensor hallucis longus (EHL)

Answer 35

Proximal - Middle ½ of anterior surface of fibula, adjacent interosseous membrane Distal - Dorsal surface, base of distal phalanx of the great toe May get slips to base of proximal phalanx and 1st MT

Question 36

``` State the actions of the following muscles Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) Extensor hallucis longus (EHL) Peroneus tertius ```

Answer 36

Tib anterior - Dorsiflexion of ankle, Inversion of the foot EDL - Extension toes 2-5 & Dorsiflexion of foot EHL - Extension of all joints of great toe, especially MTP 1 Powerful dorsiflexor of ankle Peroneus tertius - Dorsiflexion of ankle (weak), Eversion of the foot (weak)

Question 37

``` State the innervation of the following muscles Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) Extensor hallucis longus (EHL) Peroneus tertius ```

Answer 37

Tib anterior - Deep peroneal nerve L4-L5 | EDL,EHL, Peroneus tertius - Deep peroneal nerve L5-S1

Question 38

State the muscles of the anterior compartment, and action and nerve innervation

Answer 38

Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, peroneus tertius All muscles are supplied by the deep peroneal nerve All muscles assist in dorsiflexion at the ankle Anterior tibial artery also located

Question 39

State the intrinsic muscles of the foot and innervation

Answer 39

11 muscles Dorsal aspect - EDB Plantar aspect - dorsal and plantar interossei, flexor digiti minimi brevis, FHB, FDB, quadratus plantae (flexor accessorius), abductor digiti minimi, abductor hallucis, adductor hallucis and lumbricals Innervation (excluding EDB) - medial and lateral plantar branches of tibial nerve First two dorsal interossei may partly be innervated from deep peroneal nerve EDB - deep peroneal nerve L5, S1

Question 40

State the four layers of plantar muscles

Answer 40

Layer 1: flexor digitorum brevis (FDB), abductor digiti minimi, abductor hallucis Layer 2: lumbricals, Quadratus plantae Layer 3: Flexor hallucis brevis (FHB), flexor digiti minimi brevis, adductor hallucis Layer 4: plantar interossei, dorsal interossei