Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Kinesiology > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Agonist

A

The muscle or muscle group that produces the main action.
The agonist shortens during movement.

Ex-
Upper trapezius is the agonist for elevation of the scapula. It initiates motion

Hamstrings are the agonist for flexion of the knee

Pronator teres is the agonist for pronation of the forearm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Synergist

A

Any muscle that assists the agonist in producing the main action.
Any group of two or more muscles producing movement, the synergist couldn’t produce the movement on its own but helps

Ex-
Levator scapula and rhomboids both help to elevate the scapula

The Gracie, stories and gastrocnemius act as synergists for flexion of the knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Antagonist

A

Executes the action opposite that of the agonist when it shortens. It relaxes to allow and control the action at the joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Co-contraction

A

When both the agonist and antagonist contract at the same time. No movement occurs. Stabilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Neutralizer/ Fixator Muscle

A

A fixating force to prevent an undesired action and dictate which end of the agonist’s bony attachments will move.
It is necessary because the agonist would move all over the place when it engages.

Ex-
When the hammy flex at the knee, their contractions could also extend at the hip. In response, the hip flexor will engage to neutralize the undesired action of the hammys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Supporter muscle

A

Doesn’t function near the main action, but supports another part of the body in position.

Ex-

Elevation of the scapula wouldn’t happen without the stabilizing support of a dozen muscles in your spine and hip.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What factors affect the role a muscle plays?

A

Size

Shape and design of joint

Muscle’s location in relaxationshil to the joint axis

Muscle’s line of pull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Psoas

A

hip flexor and lower back stabilizer. Long and slender, Located deep to the abdominal.
Stretches from the lumber vertebre, underneath the inguinal ligament, to the lesser trochanter.

Psoas is the muscle that starts the movement

Actions-
Fixed origin-
flex the hip (coaxial joint)
Laterally rotate the hip (coaxial joint)

With fixed insertion-
Tilt the pelvis anteriorly
Flex trunk toward thigh

Origin- bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebre

Insertion at the lesser trochanter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Iliacus

A

Stockier than the psoas. Located deep to the abdomen in the iiac fossa (wide shallow depression).

Illiacus sustains and stabilizes movement. (If you flexed your thigh at the hip to take a step forward but stopped and held leg up, thats the illiacus working to stabilize)

Action-
With fixed origin
Flex the hip
Laterally rotate the hip
With fixed insertion-
Flex the trunk toward thigh
Tilt pelvis anteriorly

Origin- illiac fossa

Insertion- lesser trochanter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pectineus

A

Abductor. Flexes and addu to the thigh at the hip.

Origin- superior ramus of the pubis

Insertion- inferior and slightly posterior to the lesser trochanter of the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Frontalis

A

On the forehead, raises eyebrows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Temporalis

A

at the temples, closes jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Masseter

A

at the lateral jaw, closes jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

around the eye, closes eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

around the mouth, closes mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Buccinator

A

pulls back the cheeks

The smile muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

anterior connectio. Between the sternum, the clavicle, and the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Levator scapulae

A

elevates the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Teapezius

A

Trapezoid-shaped muscle that covers most of the upper back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Covers most of the lower back and attaches to the humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Deltoid

A

Rounded muscle over shoulder joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Covers most of the chest and attaches to the humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Small and deep to pectoralis major, rounds the shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Anterior arm, crosses both the shoulder and the elbow joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Brachialis
Anterior atm, extends elbow
26
Brachioradialis
Lateral forearm, gets name from attachment at brachial region at radius
27
Flexors of the wrist
Anterior surface
28
Extensor of the wrist
Posterior surface
29
External obliques
Fibers run in the same direction as your hands in your pockets
30
Intern obliques
Deel to extern obliques, fibers running in opposite direction
31
Rectus abdominus
Most superficial abdominal muscle, fibers run up and down, flexes trunk
32
Gluteus maximus
Forms the bulk of the butt
33
Tensor fasia latae
Abducts the leg and attaches to the lateral fascia of the thigh Tenses the fascia lata. Important hip stabilizer. Assists in flexing, abducting ad medially rotating the thigh Origin- outer surface of anterior superior illicit spine (ASIS) Insertions- lateral proxim tibia via iliotibial band
34
Quadriceps femoris
Group of four muscles on anterior thigh
35
Rectus femoris
Most superficial quadriceps and the only k e the flexes the hip
36
Hamstrings
Group of three muscles on posterior thigb
37
Adductors
Muscles on the medial surface of thigh that perform adduction
38
Popliteus
Unlocks the knee
39
Tibialis anterior
Anterior leg
40
Fibularis longus
Lateral leg, forms a stirrul together with tibiis anterior
41
Gasttocnrmius
Posterior, attaches to calcaneus via the Achilles tendon together with
42
Seus
Posterior leg, deep to gastrocnemius
43
Isotonic Contraction
Isotonic contraction is when a muscle changes length , either shortening (concentric) or elongating (eccentric).
44
Isometric Contraction
An isometric contraction occurs when the length or the muscle does not change. "Equal length"
45
Concentric contraction
"Toward the middle" muscle shortening. | Isotonic contraction.
46
Eccentric Contraction
"Away from the middle" the belly of the muscle elongated. Isotonic contraction.
47
Muscle origin
Attachment to the more stationary bone
48
Insertion
Attachment at the more mobile bone.
49
What are the 6 hip flexors
``` Rectus femoris Sartorius Pectineus Tensor fascia latae Illiacus Psoas Major ```
50
Ischial tuberosity is the origin for which muscles?
Hamstrings
51
What is the cartilaginous structure that helps hold the head of the femur to the acetabulum
Acetabulum labrum
52
True of false? The gluteus maximus is an antigravity muscle?
True
53
Illiacus and psoas major join and go under which structure?
Inguinal ligament
54
What movements does the hip flexor sartorius assist in?
Hip flexion | Lateral rotation of the hip
55
What are the points of insertion and origin of the gluteus maximus
``` Origin- Posterior illium Cocyx Sacrum Proximal sacrotuberous ligament ``` Insertion- Ilitibil tract (it band) Gluten tuberosity
56
Gluteus medius
Most powerful of the abductors. Abducts the thigh. Rotates the thigh laterally and medially at the hip. Origin- superior external surface of the iium Insertion- lateral surface of the greater trochanter.
57
Gluteus Minimus
Abducts the thigh Rotates the thighaterally and media at the hip Origin- external surface of the illium, inferior and deep to gluteus medius Insertion- anterior aspect of the greater trochanter.
58
Gracilis
Most superficial and medial of the aDductor group Adducts the thigh Assists in flexion of the leg Medial rotation of the leg when the knee is flexed Origin- anterior pubis Insertion- medial to the tibial tuberosity (per anserine)
59
ADductor longus
Origin- anterior pubis Insertion- posterior medial shaft of the femur Adducts and assists in flexing and medially rotating the thigh
60
ADductor magnus
ADducts and extends the thigh at the hip Assists in medial rotation at the hip Origin- ischial tuberosity and inferior rami of ischium and pubis Insertion- posterior shaft of the femur and medial epicondyle of the femur
61
Lateral hip muscles ABductors
Gluteus medius Gluteus minimum Tensor fascia latae Gluteus Maximus
62
Medial hip muscles ADductors
Gracilis Adductor longus Adductor magnus Pectineus
63
Horizontal posterior hip muscle Lateral rotator
Piriformis
64
Lateral rotators
Piriformis Gemellus superior Obturator internus Gemellus inferior Obturator externus Quadratus femoris
65
Piriformis
Lateral rotation of the thigh Origin-anterior surfacr of the Sacrum Insertion- superior surface of the greater trochanter
66
Anterior hip muscles Flexors
Psoas major Illiacus Pectineus Tensor fascia latae Sartorius Rectus femoris
67
Posterior hip muscles Extensors
Gluteus maximus Semi-membranosus Semi-tendinosus Biceps femoris
68
Semi membranpsus
Hamstring. Extends the thigh at the hip Flexes the leg Origin- ischial tuberosity Insertion- posterior aspect of the medi condyle of the tibia
69
Semi-tendinosus
Origin- ischial tuberosity Insertion- medial to the tibial tuberosity (pes anserine) Extends the thigh at the hip Flexes the leg at the knee
70
Biceps femoris
Hamstring. Extends the thigh at the hip Flexes the leg at the knee Origin- long head- ischial tuberosity Short head- from mid posterior femur Insertion- head of fibula

Kinesiology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions