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Year 1 Anatomy > Muscles And Nerves > Flashcards

Muscles And Nerves Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

What do the posterior rami supply?

A

Facet joints in vertebrae
Deep muscle of the back
Skin of the back

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2
Q

What do anterior rami supply?

A

Muscle joints and skin of the remaining limbs and trunk
Anterolateral parts

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of muscles?

A

Cardiac
Skeletal
Smooth

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4
Q

The muscle length doesn’t include the tendon.
True or false

A

False tendon is included

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5
Q

Why are muscles important?

A

Provide support
Provide heat
Give form to the body
Movement

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6
Q

What are the types of muscle heads?

A

Pennante muscles
Fusiform muscles
Parallel muscles
Convergent muscles
Circular muscles
Digastric muscles

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7
Q

What is pennate muscle?

A

Feather arrangement of muscle fibres

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8
Q

What is a fusiform muscle?

A

Spindle shaped muscle
Tapered at the ends

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9
Q

What are parallel muscles?

A

Lie parallel with fascia

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10
Q

What are convergent muscles?

A

Broad attachment from which fascicle converge to a single tendon

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11
Q

What are circular muscles?

A

Surrounds body opening

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12
Q

What are digastric muscles?

A

2 muscle bellies in one muscle

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13
Q

What are the most powerful muscles?

A

Pack in the most muscle fibre but are short

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14
Q

What is tonic contraction?

A

Slight contraction which doesn’t cause movement but gives firmness to muscles

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15
Q

What is isometric contraction ?

A

Muscle length remains the same
No movement but tonicity increases

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16
Q

What are isotonic contractions?

A

Muscle length changes during contraction

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17
Q

What are the two types of isotonic contractions?

A

Concentric contractions
Eccentric contractions

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18
Q

What are eccentric contractions ?

A

Muscle length increases when tonicity is increasing

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19
Q

What are concentric contractions?

A

Muscle length decreases as tonicity increases

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20
Q

What is the structural unit of a musle?

A

Muscle fibres

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21
Q

What is the endomysium?

A

Connectuve tissue covering an individual muscle fibre

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22
Q

What is the periomysium?

A

Connective tissue around muscle fibre bundles

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23
Q

What is the epimysium?

A

Connective tisue around the entire muscle

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24
Q

What is a single FUNCTIONAL unit of a muscle?

A

Motor unit

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25
What is a motor unit?
Motor neurons and muscle fibres that it controls
26
Where are large motor units found?
In the trunk and thigh muscles
27
Where are small motor units found?
In the eyes and hands For controlled movement
28
What is a prime mover?
Main muscle response for specific body movement
29
What is an agonist?
Prime mover
30
What are fixators?
Hold muscles steady
31
What are synergists?
Compliments actions of the prime movers
32
What are antagonists?
Work in the opposite of direction of agonists to relax
33
What are myocardium?
Muscular walls of the heart
34
How are rhythmic contractions generated?
Pacemaker nodes
35
What are myocardium?
Muscular walls of the heart
36
How is stimuli transmitted through the heart?
Myogenically through muscle fibres
37
Where is smooth muscle found?
Directive tract, skin and blood vessels
38
How is smooth muscle innervated??
Autonomic nervous system
39
What is muscle atrophy?
Wastage of muscles
40
What does the lymphatic system do?
Drains excess tissue fluid Transport and absorb fat Transport plasma proteins back into blood Remove cellular debris and pathogens
41
What does the lymphatic system contain?
Lymphatic plexus Lymphaic vessels Lymph nodes Lymphoid organs Duct
42
What are the types of lymphatic ducts?
Right Thoracic
43
Where is the right lymphatic duct?
Right subclavian and internal jugular Forms the right venous angle
44
What are the lymphoid organs?
Thymus Spleem Lymph nodes Myeloid tissue in red bone marrow
45
Where are lymphocytes produced in red bone marrow?
Myeloid tissue in red bone marrow
46
What are lymph nodes?
Small masses of lymphatic tissue which filter lymph
47
Where does the thoracic duct began?
Abdomen into the left venous angle
48
What lymph vessels sondpwe have in our skin and where does it go?
Superficial lymph vessels drains into deep lymph vessels
49
Where does the thoracic duct drain into?
Venous system
50
How is the nervous system split into?
CNS and PNS
51
How is the PNS split?
Motor and sensory
52
Where does the somatic sensory nerves work?
Sensation form skim muscles and joints
53
Where do visceral sensory nerves work?
Body cavities
54
What are neuroglia?
Glial cell involved in supporting nerves
55
What is grey matter in cns?
Where the nerve cell bodies are
56
What is white matter in cns?
Interconnecting fibres
57
What are the layers of the meninges?
Pia Arachnoid Dura
58
Where is the CSF?
Subarachnoid space
59
How many cranial nerves do we have ?
12
60
Are cranial nerves part of CNS?
Nope
61
Where do cranial nerves come out of ?
Cranial ganglia
62
What is a collection of cell bodies in the cns called?
Nucleus
63
What is neurolemma?
Cell membrane of schwaaan cells
64
What is an endoneurium?
Connective tissue around nerve
65
How do myelinated nerve look up close?
They have a single nerve with lots of myelination around it
66
How do unmyelinated nerves look up close?
Multiple nerves in schwaan cell that produces no myelin
67
What is a perineurium?
Connective tissue around a nerve fasicle.
68
What is epineurium?
Connective tissue around bundles of fasicles It has blood vessels and lymphatics in it
69
Where do cranial come from?
11 from the brain 1 from top of the spinal cord
70
What is the ventral root?
Motor
71
What is the dorsal root?
Sensory
72
Where do the dorsal and ventral root combine?
Intervetebral foramen
73
What does the posterior rami supply?
Nerve fibres to synovial joints and deep back muscles and skin at the back
74
What does the anterior rami supply?
Anterolateral regions of the body
75
What is a dermatome?
Strip of skin inervated by one spinal nerve
76
What have proprioceptive sensation?
All muscles, tendons and joints
77
What is myotome
One muscle mass innervated by one spinal nerve
78
What are visceral nerve fibres?
They innervate smooth muscle and glands all ANS stuff
79
Where are the pre ganglionic fibre cell bodies?
Intermediolateral (lateral horns)
80
Where do postsynaptic neurons cell bodies lie?
In either paravetbral or prevetebral ganglia
81
What is the para vertebral ganglia?
Sympathetic chain
82
What is the pre vertebral ganglia?
Sphlacnjc nerve Abdominal plexuses
83
What 4 things can neurons do in the sympathetic chain?
Ascend up Descend down Synapse with post ganglionic Pass through going to the sphlanic nerve to reach the prevertebral ganglia
84
What is the thoracolumbar outflow?
T1 to L3
85
Whereare the cell bodies of post ganglionic fibres which go to the head and neck?
Superior cervical ganglion in sympathetic chain
86
What nerves are involved in the cranial parasympathetic outflow?
3 7 9 10
87
What nerves at involved in sacral parasympathetic outflow?
Anterior roots of S2 S3 S4 Pelvic splachnic nerve
88
How is parasympathetic supplied in the thorax ?
Vagus nerve

Year 1 Anatomy (5 decks)

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