Muscles and Neurovasculature Of Thoracic Wall

Question 1

When the thorax expands, airway pressure…

Answer 1

Reduces + you breathe in

Question 2

When the thorax collapses, airway pressure…

Answer 2

Increases + you breathe out

Question 3

The central tendon of the diaphragm is

Answer 3

Mobile trifoliate

Question 4

What are the 3 sections of the muscular part of the diaphragm

Answer 4

Sternal part
Costal part
Lumbar part

Question 5

What are the crura of the diaphragm

Answer 5

Musculotendinous bundles that arise from the anterior surfaces of the superior 3 lumbar vertebrae, the anterior longitudinal ligament.

Question 6

What joins the crura

Answer 6

Median arcuate ligament

Question 7

What are the 3 large diaphragmatic apertures for

Answer 7

The inferior vena cava
The esophagus
The aorta

Question 8

Where is the motor supply of the diaphragm from?

Answer 8

The phrenic nerves

Question 9

Roots of phrenic nerves

Answer 9

C3 - C5

Question 10

Pain from the diaphragm usually radiates to…

Answer 10

The shoulder region

Question 11

Phrenic nerve injury produces

Answer 11

Ipsilateral diaphragmatic paralysis and paradoxical movement of hemidiaphragm on inspiration (permanent elevation)

Question 12

2 categories of muscles of the thoracic wall

Answer 12

Intrinsic muscles of respiration
Accessory muscles of respiration

Question 13

Intrinsic muscles of respiration (8)

Answer 13

External intercostal
Internal intercostal
Innermost intercostal
Transversus thoracis
Subcostal
Levatores costarum
Serratus posterior superior
Serratus posterior inferior

Question 14

Accessory muscles of respiration

Answer 14

Scalene
Pec major
Pec minor
Serratus anterior

Question 15

External intercostal muscles are responsible for….

Answer 15

Inferio-anterior- inspiration

Question 16

Internal intercostal muscles are responsible for…

Answer 16

Inferio-posterior- expiration

Question 17

Innermost intercostal muscles are responsible for….

Answer 17

Inferio-posterior- expiration

Question 18

External intercostal muscles attachments (3)

Answer 18

Tubercles of ribs posteriorly
costochondral junctions anteriorly
External intercostal membrane medically

Question 19

Internal intercostal muscles attachments

Answer 19

Sternum posteriorly to angle of ribs
Internal intercostal membranes laterally

Question 20

Attachments of serratus posterior superior

Answer 20

Spinous processes of C7 -T3 vertebrae
Ribs 2-4

Question 21

Attachments of serratus posterior inferior

Answer 21

Spinous processes of T11-L2
Costal angles of ribs 8-12

Question 22

Serratus post sup is responsible for…

Answer 22

Elevation/ inspiration

Question 23

Serratus post inf is responsible for

Answer 23

Depression/ expiration

Question 24

Levatores costarum consists of… Muscles

Answer 24

12

Question 25

Attachments of levatores costarum

Answer 25

Transverse processes of C7-T11 to subadjacent rib bodies

Question 26

Attachments of subcostal muscles

Answer 26

Lower ribs at costal angle to inferoposterior point of 2nd or 3rd rib below

Question 27

Attachments of transversus thoracic

Answer 27

Posterior surface of lower sternum To internal surface of costal cartilages

Question 29

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 29

7

Question 30

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

Answer 30

12

Question 31

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

Answer 31

5

Question 32

Primary curvatures of vertebral column

Answer 32

Cervical lordosis I thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, sacral kyphosis

Question 33

Functions of vertebral column

Answer 33

Protects spinal cord supports skull and carries weight of the body Enables flexible motion

Question 34

Distinctive characteristics of cervical vertebrae

Answer 34

Small and wide body Large and triangular vertebral foremen Spinous process of C3-C5 short and bifid Transverse foramina Uncinate processes

Question 35

Specialization of C1 (atlas)

Answer 35

Ring like, No spinous process or body Anterior and posterior arches Forms atlantooccipital joints and atlantoaxial joints with skull

Question 36

Specialization of axis (C2)

Answer 36

Has the dens (odontoid process) which projects superiorly from its body

Question 37

Thoracic vertebrae distinctive characteristics

Answer 37

Heart shaped vertebral body Superior + inferior costal facets for rib head articulation Circular + smaller vertebral foramen