Muscles & Bones

Question 1

Ossification

Answer 1

the formation of bone from fibrous tissue

Question 2

Cortical bone

Answer 2

hard, dense, strong bone that forms the outer layer of bone; also called compact bone

Question 3

Cancellous bone

Answer 3

lighter, less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones; also called spongy bone

Question 4

Epiphysis

Answer 4

wide end of a long bone, which is covered with articular cartilage and composed of cancellous bone

Question 5

Diaphysis

Answer 5

shaft of a long bone that is composed mainly of compact bone

Question 6

Physis

Answer 6

cartilage segment of long bone that involves growth of the bone; also called the growth plate

Question 7

Metaphysis

Answer 7

wider part of long bone shaft located adjacent to the physis

Question 8

Periosteum

Answer 8

tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outer covering of bone

Question 9

Endosteum

Answer 9

tough, fibrous tissues that forms the lining of the medullary cavity

Question 10

long bones

Answer 10

bones consisting of shaft, two ends, and a marrow cavity (femur)

Question 11

short bones

Answer 11

cube-shaped bones with no marrow cavity (carpal bones)

Question 12

flat bones

Answer 12

thin, flat bones (pelvis)

Question 13

pneumatic bones

Answer 13

sinus-containing bones (frontal bone)

Question 14

irregular bones

Answer 14

unpaired bones (vertebrae)

Question 15

sesamoid bones

Answer 15

small bones embedded in a tendon (patella)

Question 16

-blasts

Answer 16

immature

Question 17

Osteoblasts

Answer 17

immature bone cells that produce bony tissue

Question 18

-clasts

Answer 18

break

Question 19

Osteoclasts

Answer 19

phagocytic cells that eat away bony tissue from the medullary cavity of bone

Question 20

Osteocytes

Answer 20

mature osteoblasts

Question 21

What does red bone marrow produce?

Answer 21

red blood cells, white blood cells, and clotting cells.

Question 22

Hematopoietic break down

Answer 22

Hemato - blood

Poietic - pertaining to formation.

Question 23

Medullary cavity

Answer 23

inner space of bone

Question 24

What does the medullary cavity contain?

Answer 24

yellow bone marrow

Question 25

What replaces red bone marrow in adult animals?

Answer 25

yellow bone marrow

Question 26

Cartilage

Answer 26

another form of connective tissue that is more elastic than bone

Question 27

Articular cartilage

Answer 27

covers the joint surfaces of bone

Question 28

Meniscus

Answer 28

curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints that cushions forces applied to the joint. (canine stifle)

Question 29

Chondr/o

Answer 29

cartilage

Question 30

Articulations

Answer 30

joints

Question 31

Synarthroses

Answer 31

joint that allows no movement

Question 32

Amphirathroses

Answer 32

joint that allows slight movement

Question 33

Diarthroses

Answer 33

joint that allows free movement

Question 34

Suture (bones)

Answer 34

a jagged line where bones join and form a nonmovable joint (typically found in skull)

Question 35

Fontanelle

Answer 35

a soft spot remaining at the junction of sutures that usually closes after birth

Question 36

Symphysis AKA cartilaginous joint

Answer 36

a joint where two bones join and are held firmly together so that they function as one bone. (mandibular & pelvic symphysis)

Question 37

Synovial joints

Answer 37

ball-and-socket joints or pivot joints or enarthrosis or hinge joints

Question 38

Arthrodial or Condyloid joints

Answer 38

joints with oval projections that fit into a socket, such as the carpal joints

Question 39

Trochoid joints

Answer 39

pulley-shaped joints like the connection betwen the atlas to the axis

Question 40

Hinge joints allow motion in ___ or direction

Answer 40

one plane

Question 41

Gliding joints move or glide ____ each other

Answer 41

over

Question 42

Saddle joint

Answer 42

located in the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb which allows primates to flex, extend, abduct, adduct, and circumduct the thum.

Question 43

Ligament

Answer 43

band of fibrous connective tissue that connects one bone to another bone

Question 44

Tendon

Answer 44

band of fibrous connective tissues that connects muscle to bone

Question 45

Bursa

Answer 45

fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas of friction (shoulder joint)

Question 46

Synovial membrane

Answer 46

secretes synovial fluid, which acts as a lubricant to make joint movement smooth

Question 47

Foramen

Answer 47

an opening in bone through which tissue passes