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Anatomy and Physiology > Muscles For Lab Exam > Flashcards

Muscles For Lab Exam Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Muscle: Masseter
Origin?

A

Origin: zygomatic arch and maxilla

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2
Q

Muscle: Masseter
Insertion ?

A

Insertion: angle + ramus of mandible

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3
Q

Muscle: Masseter
Action?

A

Action: prime mover of jaw closure and elevates mandible.

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4
Q

Muscle: Diaphragm
Origin?

A

Origin: inferior border + sternum. Costal cartilages of last 6 ribs and lumbar vertebrae.

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5
Q

Muscle: Diaphragm
Insertion?

A

Insertion: central tendon

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6
Q

Muscle: Diaphragm
Action:?

A

Action: prime mover of inspiration flattens on contraction
- vertical dimensions of thorax
- intra- abdominal pressure

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7
Q

Muscle: Sternocleidomastoid
Origin?

A

Origin: manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle.

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8
Q

Muscle: Sternocleidomastoid
Insertion?

A

Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone.

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9
Q

Muscle: Sternocleidomastoid
Action?

A

Action: flexion of neck forward, rotate head toward shoulder on opposite side.

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10
Q

Muscle: Pectoralis major
Origin?

A

Origin: clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle.

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11
Q

Muscle: Pectoralis major
Insertion?

A

Insertion: fibers converge to insert by short tendon into inter-tubercular sulcus of humerus.

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12
Q

Muscle: Pectoralis major
Action ?

A

Action: prime mover of arm flexion; adducts, medially rotates arm.

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13
Q

Muscle: Rectus abdominis
Origin: ?

A

Origin: pubic crest and symphysis

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14
Q

Muscle: Rectus abdominis
Insertion: ?

A

Insertion: Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7

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15
Q

Muscle: Rectus abdominis
Action: ?

A

Action: flexes and rotates vertebral column

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16
Q

Muscle: External oblique
Origin: ?

A

Origin: anterior surface of last eight ribs.

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17
Q

Muscle: External oblique
Insertion?

A

Insertion: linea alba, pubic crest and tubercles, and iliac crest.

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18
Q

Muscle: external oblique
Action?

A

Action: flexes and rotates vertebral column, compresses abdominal wall, aids muscles of back in trunk rotation/lateral flexion

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19
Q

Muscle: Trapezius
Origin:?

A

Origin: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae spines of C7 and all thoracic vertebrae

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20
Q

Muscle: Trapezius
Insertion?

A

Insertion: Acromion ad spinous process of scapula, lateral third of clavicle.

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21
Q

Muscle: Trapezius
Action ?

A

Action: raises, rotates retracts (adducts) scapula & stabilizes it.

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22
Q

Muscle: Latissimus Dorsi
Origin ?

A

Origin: indirect attachment to spinous processes of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, last 3 to 4 ribs, +iliac crest.

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23
Q

Muscle: Latissimus Dorsi
Insertion ?

A

Insertion: floor of inter-tubercular sulcus of humerus

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24
Q

Muscle: Latissimus dorsi
Action?

A

Action: prime mover of arm extension, adducts and medially rotates arm

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25
Muscle: Deltoid Origin ?
Origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
26
Muscle: Deltoid Insertion ?
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
27
Muscle: Deltoid Action?
Action: acting as a whole, prime mover of arm abduction
28
Muscle: Supraspinatus Origin ?
Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
29
Muscle: Supraspinatus Insertion: ?
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
30
Muscle: Supraspinatus Action ?
Action: initiates abduction of humerus, stabilizes shoulder joint
31
Muscle: Biceps Brachii Origin ?
Origin: short head: Coracoid process Long head: supraglenoid tubercle + lip glenoid Tendon of long head runs in intertubercular sulcus + within capsule of shoulder joint
32
Muscle: Biceps brachii Insertion ?
Insertion: radial tuberosity
33
Muscle: biceps brachii Action ?
Action: flexion (powerful) of elbow and supination of forearm - it turns the corkscrew and pulls the cork
34
Muscle: triceps brachii Origin ?
Origin: long head- inferior margin of glenoid cavity Lateral head- posterior humerus Medial head- distal radial groove on posterior humerus.
35
Muscle: Triceps brachii Insertion ?
Insertion: olecranon of ulna
36
Muscle: Triceps brachii Action ?
Action: powerful forearm extensor Antagonist of forearm flexors
37
Muscle: Flexor carpi radialis Origin?
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
38
Muscle: Flexor carpi radialis Insertion ?
Insertion: base of metacarpals 2 and 3
39
Muscle: Flexor carpi radialis Action ?
Action: powerful flexor of wrist abducts hand
40
Muscle: Extensor carpi ulnaris Origin ?
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus posterior border of ulna.
41
Muscle: Extensor carpi ulnaris Insertion ?
Insertion: base of metacarpals V
42
Muscle: Extensor carpi ulnaris Action: ?
Action: extends and adducts wrist
43
Muscle: Extensor digitorum Origin ?
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
44
Muscle: Extensor digitorum Insertion: ?
Insertion: by 4 tendons into distal phalanges of fingers 2-5.
45
Muscle: extensor digitorum Action ?
Action: prime mover of finger extension -extends wrist, can flare (abduct) fingers
46
Muscle: Gluteus Maximus Origin ?
Origin: dorsal ilium, sacrum, coccyx
47
Muscle: Gluteal Maximus Insertion: ?
Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract.
48
Muscle: Gluteal Maximus Action: ?
Action: powerful thigh extensor Complex laterally rotates and abducts thigh Antagonist of iliopsoas **
49
Muscle: Rectus femoris Origin:
Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine and superior margin of acetabulum
50
Muscle: Rectus femoris Insertion: ?
Insertion: tibial tuberosity and patella
51
Muscle: Rectus femoris Origin:
Origin: extends knee and flexes thigh at hip.
52
Muscle: Sartorius Origin: ?
Origin: anterior superior iliac spine
53
Muscle: Sartorius Insertion ?
Insertion: by an aponeurosis into medical aspect proximal tibia
54
Muscle: Sartorius Action: ?
Action: flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh, flexes knee.
55
Muscle: Biceps Femoris Origin: ?
Origin: ischial tuberosity (long head) Linea aspera and distal femur (short head)
56
Muscle: Biceps femoris Insertion: ?
Insertion:tendon passes laterally to insert into head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia.
57
Muscle: Biceps Femoris Action: ?
Action: extends thigh, flexes knee
58
Muscle: Adductor longus Origin: ?
Origin: pubis near pubic symphysis
59
Muscle: adductor longus Insertion: ?
Insertion: linea aspera
60
Muscle: adductor longus Action: ?
Action: adduct and medially rotate and flex thigh
61
Muscle: Tibialis anterior Origin ?
Origin: lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of tibia Proximal 3/4 of fibula Interosseous membrane
62
Muscle: Tibialis anterior Insertion: ?
Insertion: by tendon into inferior surface of first cuneiform and metatarsal l
63
Muscle: Tibialis anterior Action ?
Action: prime mover of dorsiflexion Inverts foot Supports longitudinal arch of foot.
64
Muscle: Extensor digitorum Origin ?
Origin: lateral condyleof tibia proximal 3/4 of fibula Interosseous membrane
65
Muscle: extensor digitorum Insertion:?
Insertion: tendon divides into 4 parts Inserts into middle/ distal phalanges of toes 2-5
66
Muscle: Extensor digitorum Action ?
Action:prime mover of toe extension Dorsi flexes foot
67
Muscle: Gastrocnemius Origin ?
Origin: two heads from medial and lateral condyle of femur
68
Gastrocnemius Insertion ?
Insertion: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
69
Muscle: Gastrocnemius Action ?
Action: plantar flexes foot when knee is extended Crosses knee joint, thus can flex knee.
70
Muscle: Tibialis posterior Origin: ?
Origin: superior portion of tibia and fibula and Interosseous membrane.
71
Tibialis posterior Insertion: ?
Insertion: tendon passes obliquely behind medial malleolus and under arch of foot, inserts into several tarsals and metatarsals ll-lV
72
Tibialis posterior Action ?
Action: primer mover of foot inversion -plantar flexes foot Stabilizes longitudinal arch of foot.
73
Muscle: Fibularis longus (peroneus) Origin: ?
Origin: head and upper portion of fibula
74
Muscle: Fibularis longus (peroneus) Insertion?
Insertion: by long tendon under foot to metatarsal l and medial cuneiform.
75
Muscle: Fibularis longus Action: ?
Action: plantar flexes and everts foot Helps keep foot flat on ground.

Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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