Muscles in the Neck and the Triangles

Question 1

Platysma runs from …. to …..

Answer 1

Inferior mandible to the clavicle

Question 2

The action of …. is to depress the outer corners of the mouth

Answer 2

Platysma

Question 3

List the four muscles of mastication

Answer 3

1 Buccinator
2 Temporalis
3 Pterygoid medial
4 Pterygoid lateral

Question 4

What nerve supplies the masticating muscles?

Answer 4

Trigeminal

Question 5

The facial nerve supplies the muscles of ….. ……

Answer 5

Facial expression

Question 6

List the 5 branches of the facial nerve

Answer 6

Temporal 
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical

Question 7

Opthalmic, manxialliary and mandibular describe the branches of which cranial nerve?

Answer 7

Trigeminal

Question 8

The platysma is a nerve of…. and thus is supplied by the…. nerve.

Answer 8

Facial expression

Facial

Question 9

The sternocleidomastoid and trapezius are located in which fascial compartment and applied by what nerve?

Answer 9

Investing layer

Accessory

Question 10

The face contains two muscle types, what are they and how do their nervous supplies vary?

Answer 10

Facial expression- facial nerve

Muscles of mastication- trigeminal

Question 11

What is the function of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 11

Motor innervation to the muscles of mastication

Sensory innervation to the face and scalp

Question 12

Are the terminal branches of the facial nerve (temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular and cervical) intra or extra-cranial?

Answer 12

Extra cranial

Question 13

Which gland has a special association with the facial nerve?

Answer 13

Parotid

Question 14

What is the function of the facial nerve?

Answer 14

Motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression
Sensory supply to tongue (taste)
Parasympathetic innervation of the salivary and lacrimal glands

Question 15

Which artery supplies the head and neck and via what terminal branches?

Answer 15

Common carotid

which splits to internal and external carotids.

Question 16

Which vein has the most major drainage role of the head and neck?

Answer 16

Internal jugular vein

Question 17

The facial vein drains blood from the face and drains into the…. jugular vein

Answer 17

internal

Question 18

Which vein that drains the scalp and face runs more superficially in the neck than the IJV?

Answer 18

external jugular vein

Question 19

Inserting a surgical air way could risk infection introduction to which space?

Answer 19

Pre-tracheal space

Question 20

List the borders of the anterior triangle in the neck

Answer 20

Midline imaginary line
Sternocleidomastoid
Inferior mandible

Question 21

What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 21

Trapesiuz
clavicle
sternocleidomastoid

Question 22

The accessory nerve supplies which muscle to give shoulder elevation?

Answer 22

Trapezius

Question 23

How would you test the accessory nerve?

Answer 23

Ask a patient to shrug their shoulders against resistance

Question 24

Arm abduction beyond 90 degrees is assisted by which muscle?

Answer 24

Trapezius (superior fibres)

Question 25

Which muscle runs from the external occipital protuberance, the superior nuchal line, vertebral processes to the the spine of the scapular, clavicle and acromion.

Answer 25

Trapezius

Question 26

If you ask a patient to turn their neck to look over their shoulder against resistance which nerve and muscle are you assessing and what would you observe in a normal person?

Answer 26

Sternocleidomastoid Accessory nerve Equal ability on each side which equally prominent SCM

Question 27

What is the action of sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 27

Bilateral contraction will give neck flexion at the C1/C2 junction Unilateral contraction will give lateral neck flexion and elevation of the chin to the contralateral side.

Question 28

Which muscle is supplied by the facial nerve and lies in the superficial cervical fascia?

Answer 28

Platysma

Question 29

The lower mandible and deep tissues around the mouth are the insertions of platysma, what is its origin?

Answer 29

Anterior chest wall

Question 30

Which neck muscle can be used as an accessory muscle for respiration?

Answer 30

SCM

Question 31

Muscles above the hyoid are called?

Answer 31

Supra-hyoid muscles

Question 32

Infra-hyoid muscles may also be called?

Answer 32

Strap muscles

Question 33

Which hyoid muscles do we need to know because with SCM they make the carotid traingle?

Answer 33

Omohyoid and digastric (two muscle bellies one ant and one post- it is the posterior belly that contributes to the triangle)