Muscles of Forearm

Question 1

What is the origin of superficial muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 1

medial epicondyle = common flexor origin

Question 2

What are the superficial muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 2

pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 3

What is the additional origin of pronator teres apart from the CFO?

Answer 3

medial aspect of coranoid process of ulna

Question 4

What is the insertion of pronator teres?

Answer 4

midpoint of the radius

Question 5

What is the insertion of flexor carpi radialis?

Answer 5

base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Question 6

What is the action of flexor carpi radialis?

Answer 6

flexion at the wrist and radial deviation

Question 7

What is the insertion of palmaris longus?

Answer 7

blends with the palmar aponeurosis - doesn’t go through the carpal tunnel

Question 8

What is the additional origin of flexor carpi ulnaris apart from the CFO?

Answer 8

extensive aponeurotic attachment to the border of the ulna

Question 9

What is the insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris?

Answer 9

the base of the 5th metacarpal with pisiform in the tendon

Question 10

What muscle makes up the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 10

flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 11

What is the origin of flexor digitorum superficialis?

Answer 11

CFO, coronoid process and comprehensive attachment to the radius and ulna shafts with a fibrous arch between

Question 12

What is the insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis?

Answer 12

splits into 4 tendons and each tendon inserts on the base of the middle phalynx with a split to allow tendons of FDP through

Question 13

What muscles make up the deep layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 13

flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus and pronator quadratus

Question 14

What is the origin of flexor digitorum profundus?

Answer 14

the shaft of the ulna and the adjacent part of the interosseus membrane

Question 15

What is the insertion of flexor digitorum profundus?

Answer 15

splits into 4 tendons which insert on the base of the distal phalynx by going through FDS tendons

Question 16

What is the origin of flexor pollicis longus?

Answer 16

the shaft of the radius and the adjacent part of the inteosseus membrane

Question 17

What is the insertion of flexor pollicis longus?

Answer 17

base of the distal phalynx of the thumb

Question 18

What is the origin of pronator quadratus?

Answer 18

the distal portion of the ulna

Question 19

What is the insertion of pronator quadratus?

Answer 19

the distal portion of the radius

Question 20

What is the attachments of the flexor retinaculum?

Answer 20

scaphoid, trapezium, hook of hamate, pisiform

Question 21

In what order to the tendons go through the carpal tunnel?

Answer 21

4 tendons of FDP go through on the bottom, then the tendons of the 2nd and 5th fingers of FDS, then the tendons of the 3rd and 4th fingers of FDS with the tendon of FPL

Question 22

What nerve goes through the carpal tunnel?

Answer 22

median nerve

Question 23

Which tendon has its own tunnel under the flexor retinaculum?

Answer 23

flexor carpi radialis

Question 24

What are the groups of muscles that make up the extensor compartment of the forearm?

Answer 24

3 ‘radialis’ muscles, 3 posterior aspect muscle, 3 ‘thumb’ muscles splitting them and 3 other deep muscles

Question 25

What are the 3 ‘radialis’ muscles?

Answer 25

brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis

Question 26

What are the 3 posterior aspect muscles?

Answer 26

extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi and extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 27

What are the 3 ‘thumb’ muscles?

Answer 27

abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis and extensor pollicis longus

Question 28

What are the 3 other deep muscles?

Answer 28

supinator, anconeus and extensor indicis

Question 29

What is the common extensor origin?

Answer 29

the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Question 30

What muscles originate at the CEO?

Answer 30

extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi and extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 31

What muscles originate from the supracondylar ridge above the CEO?

Answer 31

brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus

Question 32

What is the insertion of brachioradialis?

Answer 32

styloid process of the radius

Question 33

What is the action of brachioradialis?

Answer 33

it is actually a flexor at the elbow even though its in the extensor compartment

Question 34

What is the insertion of extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis?

Answer 34

base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal

Question 35

What is the action of extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis?

Answer 35

extension and radial deviation

Question 36

What is the insertion of extensor digitorum?

Answer 36

splits into 4 tendons and each tendon splits into 3 insertion on the base of the middle phalanx and base of the distal phalynx

Question 37

What is special about extensor digit minimi?

Answer 37

its belly splits off of extensor digitorum so it has its own tendon

Question 38

What is the insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris?

Answer 38

base of the 5th metacarpal

Question 39

What is the action of extensor carpi ulnaris?

Answer 39

extension and ulnar deviation

Question 40

What is the difference between extensor pollicis longus and brevis?

Answer 40

extensor pollicis longus take the long way around - it goes beneath the extensor retinaculum before inserting on to the thumb

Question 41

How can you find supinator?

Answer 41

It’s the muscle encircling the proximal shaft of the radius

Question 42

Which nerve passes through the two heads of supinator?

Answer 42

radial nerve

Question 43

How many tunnels are there created by the extensor retinaculum?

Answer 43

6