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Anatomy Flashcards > Muscles of lower extremity > Flashcards

Muscles of lower extremity Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Sartorius

A

Origin: Anterior iliac spine

Insertion: Tibia (proximal, medial surface, distal to tuberosity)

Actions: Flex, Abduction, Lateral rotation

Innervation: Femoral (L2, L3)

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2
Q

Tensor fascia latae

A

Origin: Iliac crest (posterior to ASIS)

Insertion: Iliotibial tract

Actions: Flexion, Abduction, Medial rotation

Innervation: Superior gluteal (L4-S1)

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3
Q

_Rectus femoris _

A

Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

Ilium (above acetabulum)

Insertion: Patella through patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

Actions: Extend leg, flex thigh

Innervation: Femoral (L2-L4)

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4
Q

_Vastus medialis _

A

Origin: Linea aspera (medial lip)

Lower intertrochanteric line

Insertion: Patella through patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

Actions: Extend leg

Innervation: Femoral (L2-L4)

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5
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

Origin: Linea aspera (lateral lip)

Lower intertrochanteric line

Insertion: Patella through patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

Actions: Extend leg

Innervation: Femoral (L2-L4)

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6
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

Origin: Anterior/lateral surface femur

Insertion: Patella through patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

Actions: Extend leg

Innervation: Femoral (L2-L4)

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7
Q

Articularis genus

A

Origin: Femur (distal/anterior)

Insertion: Synovial membrane knee joint

Actions: Pull synovial membrane knee proximal during leg extension

Innervation: Femoral (L3, L4) nerve to vastus intermedius

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8
Q

Psoas major

A

Origin: Lumbar vertebrae (bodies/trvs)

Insertion: Lesser trochancter

Actions: Flex thigh, slight adduction

Innervation: L2-L4

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9
Q

Psoas minor

A

Origin: T12-L1

Insertion: Pubis (superior ramus)

Actions: Upward rotate pelvis

Innervation: L1-L2

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10
Q

_Iliacus _

A

Origin: Iliac fossa

Insertion: Lesser trochanter

Actions: Flex thigh, slight adduction

Innervation: Femoral (L2-L4)

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11
Q

Pectineus

A

Origin: Pubis (superior ramus)

Insertion: Distal lesser trochanter

Actions: Flexion/adduction thigh

Innervation: Femoral/obturator (L2,L3)

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12
Q

_Adductor longus _

A

Origin: Pubic tubercle

Insertion: Linea aspera (medial lip)

Actions: Adduction, Flexion

Innervation: Obturator (L2-3)

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13
Q

Gracilis

A

Origin: Inferior ramus pubis; ramus ischium

Insertion: Tibia (proximal, medial, distal to medial condlye)

Actions: Adduction, flex leg, medial rotate flexed knee

Innervation: Obturator (L2-3)

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14
Q

Adductor brevis

A

Origin: Body and inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion: Pectineal line

Linea aspera (proximal part)

Actions: Adduction, flexion

Innervation: Obturator (L3-4) split into anterior/posterior

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15
Q

_Adductor magnus _

Anterior

Posterior

A

Origin: Inferior ramus pubis

Ramus and ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Anterior=Linea aspera

Posterior=Adductor tubercle of medial condyle

Actions: Adduction

Anterior=Flexion

Posterior=Extension

Innervation: Anterior= Obturator (L3-4)

Posterior= Sciatic (L3-4)

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16
Q

Obturator externus

A

Origin: Obturator membrane, bone around obturator foramen

Insertion: Trochanteric fossa (medial aspect greater trochanter)

Actions: Lateral rotation

Innervation: Obturator (L3-4) -posterior branch

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17
Q

Obturator internus

A

Origin: Obturator membrane, bone around foramen internal surface pelvis

Insertion: Medial surface greater trochanter above fossa

Actions: Lateral rotate, abduct thigh when flexed

Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S2)

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18
Q

Superior gemellus

A

Origin: Ischial spine

Insertion: Superior border obturator internus

Actions: Lateral rotate, abduct thigh when flexed

Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S2)

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19
Q

Inferior gemellus

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Inferior border obturator internus

Actions: Lateral rotate, abduct thigh when flexed

Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1)

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20
Q

Quadratus femoris

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Femur (posterior, between trochanters)

Actions: Lateral rotate, adduct

Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1)

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21
Q

Gluteus maximus

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A

Origin: Lateral ilium posterior gluteal line

Posterior sacroiliac/tuberus ligament

Posterior saccrum

Insertion: Iliotibial tract

Gluteal tuberosity femur

Actions: Extension, Lateral rotation

Abduction (upper) Adduction (lower)

Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)

22
Q

Gluteus medius

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A

Origin: Lateral ilium

Between anterior/posterior gluteal lines

Insertion: Greater trochanter

Actions: Abduction

Anterior=medial rotate/flex

Posterior=lateral rotate/extend

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

23
Q

Gluteus minimus

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A

Origin: Lateral ilium

Between anterior/inferior gluteal line

Insertion: Greater trochanter

Actions: Abduction, Medial rotate, flexion

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

24
Q

Piriformis

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A

Origin: Saccrum (anterior)

Insertion: Greater trochanter

Actions: Lateral rotate, abduct (when flexed)

Innervation: S1-S2

25
**_Biceps femoris_** Long head Short head
**Origin**: L=Ischial tuberosity S= Linea aspera, lateral intermuscular septum **Insertion**: Head fibula **Actions**: Extension hip Flexion knee Lateral rotation (when flexed) **Innervation**: Sciatic nerve L=Tibial (L5-S2) S=Common fibular (L5-S1)
26
**_Semitendinosus_**
**Origin**: ischial tuberosity **Insertion**: Tibia (proximal, medial surface) **Actions**: Extension thigh Flex knee Medial rotation (when flexed) **Innervation**: Sciatic-tibial (L5-S2)
27
**_Semimembranosus_**
**Origin**: Ischial tuberosity **Insertion**: Tibia- medial condyle **Actions**: Extension thigh Flexion knee Medial rotation (when flexed) **Innervation**: Sciatic-tibial (L5-S2)
28
**_Plantaris_**
**Origin**: Lateral epicondyle of femur **Insertion**: Calcaneous (anterior/medial) **Actions**: Weak plantar flex **Innervation**: Tibial nerve (L4-5)
29
**_Popliteus_**
**Origin**: Lateral condyle femur **Insertion**: Tibia- posterior, proximal 1/3 (proximal to soleal line) **Actions**: Medial rotate leg on femur Lateral rotate femur on leg **Innervation**: Tibial nerve (L5-S1)
30
**_Gastrocnemius_**
**Origin:** Femur- posterior proximal to lateral and medial condyles **Insertion**: Calcaneous tendon **Actions**: Plantar flex (flex leg of free limb) **Innervation**: Tibial nerve (S1-2)
31
**_Soleus_**
**Origin**: Soleal (popliteal) line Tibia/Fibula-medial, posterior, proximal 1/3 **Insertion**: Calcaneous tendon **Actions**: Plantar flex I**nnervation**: Tibial (L5-S1)
32
**_Tibialis posterior_**
**Origin:** Tibia/Fibula- posterior, proximal 2/3 Interosseus membrane **Insertion**: Navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, base 2-4 MT **Actions**: Adduct, Invert, Plantar flex **Innervation**: Tibial nerve (L5-S1)
33
**_Flexor digitorum longus_**
**Origin**: Tibia- posterior, middle 1/2 **Insertion**: 4 toes- distal phalanges **Actions:** Flex distal phalanges (weak plantar flex and invert) **Innervation**: Tibial nerve (L5-S1)
34
**_Flexor hallucis longus_**
**Origin**: Fibular- posterior, middle 1/2 **Insertion**: Big toe- distal phalanx **Actions**: Flex big toe (plantar flex) **Innervation**: Tibial nerve (L5-S2)
35
**_Fibularis longus_**
**Origin**: Fibula- lateral, proximal 2/3 Adjacent fascia and intermuscular septa **Insertion**: 1st MT- base (medial cuneiform) **Actions**: Eversion (weak plantar flex) **Innervation**: Superficial fibular (L4-S1) often branch from common or deep fibular nerve
36
**_Fibularis brevis_**
**Origin**: Fibula-lateral, distal 2/3 Adjacent intermuscular septa **Insertion**: 5th MT- dorsal, base **Actions**: Eversion (weak plantar flex) **Innervation**: Superficial fibular (L4-S1)
37
**_Fibularis tertius_**
**Origin**: Fibula- common with lower fibers EDL **Insertion**: 5th MT- dorsal, base **Actions**: Dorsiflex Eversion **Innervation**: Deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)
38
**_Extensor digitorum longus_**
**Origin**: Tibia- lateral condyle Fibula- anterior, proximal 3/4 Inerosseous membrane, crural fascia **Insertion**: 4 toes- middle and distal phalanges **Actions**: Extend toes Dorsiflex and evert **Innnervation:** Deep fibular (L4-S1)
39
**_Extensor hallucis longus_**
**Origin**: Fibula-anterior, middle 1/3 Interosseous membrane **Insertion**: Big toe- distal phalanx **Actions**: Extend big toe Dorsiflex and invert **Innervation**: Deep fibular (L4-S1)
40
**_Tibialis anterior_**
**Origin**: Tibial- lateral condyle, lateral, proximal 2/3 Interosseus membrane and deep fascia leg **Insertion**: 1st MT- base (medial cuneiform) **Actions**: Dorsiflex and invert **Innervation**: Deep fibular (L4-S1)
41
**_Abductor hallucis_**
**Origin**: Calcaneal tuberosity (medial tuberosity) Flexor retinaculum, medial intermuscular septum **Insertion**: Big toe-proximal phalanx (tibial side) **Actions:** Big toe (MTP)- Abduct and flex **Innervation:** Medial plantar nerve (L5-S1)
42
**_Flexor digitorum brevis_**
**Origin**: Calcaneal tuberosity (medial process) Med/Lat intermuscular septum **Insertion**: 4 toes- middle phalanges **Actions**: 4 toes- flex middle phalanges **Innervation**: Medial plantar nerve (L5-S1)
43
**_Abductor digiti minimi_**
**Origin:** Calcaneal tuberosity (lateral process) Medial process and intervening calcaneus **Insertion**: Little toe- proximal phalanx, lateral side **Actions**: Little toe- Abduct and flex **Innervation**: Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)
44
**_Quadratus plantae_**
**Origin**: Calcaneus (medial and lateral sides) distal to calcaneal tuberosity **Insertion**: FDL tendon (lateral and posterior margin) **Actions**: 4 toes- flex (modify pulll FDL tendons) **Innervation**: Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)
45
**_Lumbricals_**
**Origin**: FDL tendons **Insertion**: Expansions extensor tendons 4 toes **Actions**: MTP- flex Interphalangeal- extend **Innervation**: 1st- Medial plantar nerve (L5-S1) 2-4- Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)
46
**_Flexor hallucis brevis_**
**Origin:** Cuboid Lateral cuneiform Tibialis posterior tendon **Insertion**: Big toe- proximal phalanx (med/lat sides) **Actions**: Big toe (proximal phalanx)- flex **Innervation**- Medial plantar nerve (L5-S1)
47
**_Adductor hallucis_**
**Origin**: Oblique head- 2-4 MT's, sheath fibularis longus Transverse head- 3-5 MTP joint capsules deep transverve MT ligaments **Insertion**: Big toe- base proximal phalanx **Actions**: Big toe- adduct and flex **Innervation**: Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)
48
**_Flexor digiti minimi brevis_**
**Origin**: 5th MT- base **Insertion**: Little toe- base proximal phalanx **Actions**: Little toe- flex (proximal phalanx) **Innervation**: Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)
49
**_Plantar interossei_**
**Origin**: 3-5th MT (medial side) **Insertion**: 3-5th proximal phalanges (medial side) **Actions**: Adduction toes **Innervation**: Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)
50
**_Dorsal interossei_**
**Origin**: Adjacent sides MT **Insertion**: Proximal phalanges- 1st --\>medial side 2nd toe 2-4th--\>lateral side corresponding toes **Actions**: Abduction toes **Innervation**: Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)
51
**_Extensor digitorum brevis_**
**Origin**: Calcaneus-dorsal **Insertion:** EDL tendon--\>middle/distal phalanges 2-4 toes **Actions**: 2-4th- extend **Innervation**: Deep fibular nerve (L5-S1)
52
**_Extensor hallucis brevis_**
**Origin**: Calcaneus-dorsal **Insertion**: Big toe- base proximal phalanx **Actions**: Big toe- extend **Innervation**: Deep fibular nerve (L5-S1)

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