Muscles of lower extremity Flashcards by Leah Kellogg

Iliacus

Attachments: from iliac fossa to lesser trochanter of the femur

Actions: flexes thigh and stabilizes hip joint

Innervation: femoral n. & lumbar plexus branches

Blood supply: iliolumbar, deep circumflex iliac, femoral & obturator aa.

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Psoas (L. muslce of the loin)

Attachments: from anterior lumbar transverse processes, vertebral bodies, & discs to the lesser trochanter of the femur

Actions: Flexes thight and stabilizes hip joint

Innervation: ventral rami L1-3

Blood supply: lumbar, iliolumbar, obturator, external iliac, & femoral aa.

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Rectus femoris (L2, 3, 4) (L. straight)

Attachments: from anterior inferior iliac spine & groove superior to the acetabulum to the base of the patella

Actions: flexes thigh & extends leg

Innervation: Femoral n.

Blood supply: femoral, lateral circumflex femoral aa.

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Sartorius (L. sartor, a tailor)

Attachments: from anterior superior iliac spine to the medial aspect of the proximal tibia

Actions: flexes, abducts & laterally rotates thigh, flexes leg

Innervation: femoral n.

Blood supply: femoral, lateral circumflex femoral, & descending genicular aa.

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Tensor fasciae latae

Attachments: from anterior superior iliac spine & adjacent iliac crest to iliotibial tract

Actions: abducts, flexes, & medially rotates thigh, and assists in maintaining extended leg

Innervation: superior gluteal n.

Blood supply: lateral circumflex femoral (ascending), superior gluteal & superficial circumflex iliac aa.

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Vastus intermedius (L2, 3, 4)

Attachments: from the anterior aspect of the proximal 2/3rds of the femoral shaft to the base of the patella

Actions: extends leg

Innervation: femoral n.

Blood supply: femoral and profunda femoral aa.

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Vastus lateralis (L2, 3, 4)

Attachments: from lateral/posterior femur to the lateral border of the patella

Actions: extends leg

Innervation: femoral n.

Blood supply: lateral circumflex femoral (descending), femoral, & 1^st perforating aa.

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Vastus medialis (L2, 3, 4)

Attachments: from medial/posterior femur to medial border of the patella

Actions: extends leg

Innervation: femoral n.

Blood supply: femoral, profunda femoral & descending genicular aa.

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Adductor brevis

Attachments: from inferior pubic ramus to proximal posterior femur

Actions: adducts thigh

Innervation: obturator n.

Blood supply: profunda femoral, medial circumflex femoral & obturator aa.

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Adductor longus

Attachments: from pubic crest to midshaft posterior femur

Actions: adducts & flexes thigh

Innervation: obturator n.

Blood supply: profunda femoral, medial circumflex femoral, femoral & descending genicular aa.

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Adductor magnus

Attachments: from ischial tuberosity to posterior femur & adductor tubercle

Actions: adducts (adductor part) & extends (hamstring part) thigh

Innervation: obturator n. (adductor region) & tibial division of the sciatic n. (hamstring region)

Blood supply: femoral, profunda femoral, obturator & descending genicular aa.

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Gracilis (L. scanty)

Attachments: from inferior pubic ramus to the proximal, medial tibia

Actions: flexes & medially rotates leg, and adducts thigh

Innervation: obturator n.

Blood supply: profunda femoral & femoral aa.

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Pectineus

Attachments: from superior pubic ramus to proximal posterior femoral shaft

Actions: adducts & flexes thigh

Innervation: femoral n. & accesory obturator n. when this nerve is present

Blood supply: medial circumflex femoral, femoral, & obturator aa.

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Obturator externus

Attachments: from the external aspect of the rim of the obturator foramen to the trochanteric fossa

Actions: laterally rotates leg

Innervation: obturator n.

Blood supply: obturator & medial circumflex femoral aa.

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Gemellus inferior (L. twin)

Attachments: from the ischial tuberosity to the obturator internus tendon

Actions: laterally rotates thigh

Innervation: sacral plexus (nerve to quadratus femoris)

Blood supply: medial circumflex femoral a.

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Gemellus superior

Attachments: from the ischial spine to the obturator internus tendon

Actions: laterally rotates thigh

Innervation: sacral plexus (nerve to obturator internus)

Blood supply: inferior gluteal, internal pudendal aa.

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Gluteus maximus

Attachments: from the aponeurosis of the erector spinae, sacrum, sacrotuberous lig. & gluteal surface of ilium to the gluteal tuberosity of the femur & the iliotibial tract

Actions: extends and laterally rotates thigh, & tenses fascia lata (iliotibial tract)

Innervation: inferior gluteal n.

Blood supply: inferior gluteal, superior gluteal, 1^st perforating, medial circumflex femoral aa.

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Gluteus medius

Attachments: from external iliac surface to the lateral aspect of the greater trochanter

Actions: abducts & medially rotates thigh; keeps the pelvis level when opposite leg is raised

Innervation: superior gluteal n.

Blood supply: superior gluteal & lateral circumflex femoral (ascending) aa.

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Gluteus minimus

Attachments: from the external iliac surface to the anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter

Actions: abducts & medially rotates thigh; keeps the pelvis level when opposite leg is raised

Innervation: superior gluteal n.

Blood supply: superior gluteal & lateral circumflex femoral (ascending) aa.

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Obturator internus

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Attachments: from the anterolateral wall of the pelvis, obturator foramen & obturator membrane to the medial surface of the greater trochanter

Actions: laterally rotates thigh

Innervation: sacral plexus (nerve to obturator internus)

Blood supply: obturator & internal pudendal aa.

Piriformis

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Attachments: from the anterolateral sacrum to the upper border of the greater trochanter

Actions: abducts & laterally rotates thigh

Innervation: branches of the lumbosacral plexus

Blood supply: lateral sacral, superior gluteal & internal pudenal aa.

Biceps femoris

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Attachments: from the ischial tuberosity (long head) & distal posterior/lateral femur (short head) to the fibular head

Actions: flexes leg (both heads) & extends thigh (long head only)

Innervation: tibial (long head) & common peroneal (short head) divisions of the sciatic n.

Blood supply: perforating branches of the profunda femoral & lateral superior genicular aa.

Semimembranosus

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Attachments: from ischial tuberosity to posterior aspect of the medial tibial condyle

Actions: extends thigh & flexes leg

Innervation: tibial division of the sciatic n.

Blood supply: perforating branches of the profunda femoral a.

Semitendinosus

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Attachments: from the ischial tuberosity to the proximal, medial tibia

Actions: extends thigh & flexes leg

Innervation: tibial division of the sciatic n.

Blood supply: perforating branches of the profunda femoral & medial circumflex femoral aa.

Extensor digitorum longus

Attachments: from the lateral tibial condyle, proximal fibula & interosseous membrane to the dorsal digital expansion of toes 2-5 Actions: dorsiflexes ankle & extends digits 2-5 (IP & MP) Innervation: deep peroneal n. Blood supply: anterior tibial a. & perforating branches of the peroneal a.

Extensor hallucis longus (L. hallex, great toe)

Attachments: from the mid-fibula & interosseous membrane to the distal phalangeal base of the 1^st toe Actions: dorsiflexes ankle & extends great toe (MP & IP) Innervation: deep peroneal n. Blood supply: anterior tibial a. & perforating branches of peroneal a.

Peroneus tertius

Attachments: from the distal fibula & interosseous membrane to the base of the 5^th metatarsal Actions: dorsiflexes ankle & initiates eversion of foot Innervation: deep peroneal n. Blood supply: anterior tibial a., perforating branch of peroneal a. & arcuate a.

Tibialis anterior

Attachments: from the lateral tibial condyle, proximal lateral tibia & interosseous membrane to the medial cuneiform & adjacent 1^st metatarsal Actions: dorsiflexes ankle & inverts foot Innervation: deep peroneal n. Blood supply: anterior tibial

Peroneus longus

Attachments: from the head & proximal fibula to the lateral aspects of the 1^st metatarsal & adjacent medial cuneiform Actions: plantar fexes ankle & everts foot Innervation: superficial peroneal n. Blood supply: anterior tibial & peroneal aa.

Peroneus brevis

Attachments: from the distal fibula to the lateral base of the 5^th metatarsal Actions: plantar flexes ankle & everts foot Innervation: superficial peroneal n. Blood supply: anterior tibial & peroneal aa.

Flexor digitorum longus

Attachments: from the posterior tibia distal to the soleal line to the plantar surfaces of the distal phalangeal bases Actions: plantar flexes ankle & flexes digits 2-5 (MP & IP) Innervation: tibial n. Blood supply: posterior tibial a.

Flexor hallucis longus

Attachments: from the distal posterior fibular surface & interosseous membrane to the plantar aspect of the distal phalangeal base of the 1^st toe Actions: plantar flexes ankle & flexes great toe (MP & IP) Innervation: tibial n. Blood supply: posterior tibial & peroneal aa.

Gastrocnemius (S1, 2) (G. gaster, belly + kneme, leg)

Attachments: from the posterior aspect of the femoral condyles (lateral epicondyle & popliteal surface) to the calcaneal tuberosity Actions: flexes leg & plantar flexes ankle Innervation: tibial n. Blood supply: medial & lateral sural aa.

Plantaris (L. planta, sole)

Attachments: from the lateral supracondylar line (popliteal surface) to the calcaneal tuberosity Actions: flexes leg & plantar flexes ankle Innervation: tibial n. Blood supply: lateral sural, popliteal & lateral superior genicular aa.

Popliteus

Attachments: from the lateral femoral condyle to the soleal line of the tibia Actions: unlocks knee during (initial) flexion Innervation: tibial n. Blood supply: medial & lateral inferior genicular aa.

Soleus (S1, 2)

Attachments: from the posterior proximal fibula & tibial soleal line to the calcaneal tuberosity Actions: plantar flexes ankle Innervation: tibial n. Blood supply: posterior tibial & peroneal aa.

Tibialis posterior

Attachments: from the interosseous membrane, lateral tibia & medial fibula to the medial tarsals & metatarsals Actions: plantar flexes ankle & inverts foot Innervation: tibial n. Blood supply: posterior tibial & peroneal aa.

Abductor digiti minimi

Attachments: from the calcaneal tuberosity to lateral side of proximal phalangeal base of 5^th digit Actions: abducts & flexes 5^th digit Innervation: lateral plantar n. Blood supply: lateral plantar a.

Abductor hallucis

Attachments: from the medial calcaneal tuberosity to the medial side of the proximal phalangeal base of the great toe Actions: flexes & abducts great toe Innervation: medial plantar n. Blood supply: medial plantar, medial malleollar & 1^st plantar metatarsal aa.

Adductor hallucis

Attachments: from 2-4^th metatarsal bases (oblique head) & distal ends of 3-5^thmetatarsals (transverse head) to lateral base of phalanx of great toe Actions: adducts great toe Innervation: lateral plantar n. Blood supply: medial plantar, lateral plantar, plantar arch & 4^th metatarsal aa.

Extensor digitorum brevis

Attachments: from anterolateral calcaneus to the lateral sides of tendons of extensor digitorum longus (2-4 or 2-5) Actions: extension of digits 2-5 (MP & IP) Innervation: deep peroneal n. Blood supply: dorsalis pedis & arcuate aa.

Extensor hallucis brevis

Attachments: from anterolateral calcaneus to dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of the hallux Actions: extension of great toe (MP) Innervation: deep peroneal n. Blood supply: dorsalis pedis & arcuate aa.

Flexor digitorum accessorius (*aka. quadratus plantae*)

Attachments: from the medial surface of the calcaneus & lateral process of the calcaneal tuberosity to the long flexor tendons Actions: assists flexor digitorum longus Innervation: lateral plantar n. Blood supply: medial plantar, lateral plantar & plantar arch

Flexor digitorum brevis

Attachments: from the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity to sides of intermediate phalanges of digits 2-5 Actions: flexes toes (proximal IP) Innervation: medial plantar n. Blood supply: medial plantar, lateral plantar & plantar metatarsal aa.

Flexor digiti minimi

Attachments: from 5^th metatarsal base to proximal phalangeal base Actions: flexion of 5^th digit (MP) Innervation: lateral plantar n. Blood supply: lateral plantar a.

Flexor hallucis brevis

Attachments: from cuboid & tendon of tibialis posterior to base of proximal phalanx of great toe Actions: flexion of great toe (MP) Innervation: medial plantar n. Blood supply: medial plantar, 1^st plantar metatarsal, lateral plantar & plantar arch

Interossei-dorsal

Attachments: from metatarsal shafts to proximal phalangeal bases & dorsal digital expansions of digits 2-4 Actions: abducts (MP), flexes (MP) & extends (IP) digits 2-4 Innervation: lateral plantar n. Blood supply: arcuate, lateral tarsal, medial tarsal, dorsal metatarsal & dorsal digital aa.

Interossei-plantar

Attachments: from plantar surface of shaft of metatarsals to dorsal digital expansion of digits 3-5 Actions: adducts & flexes (MP), extends (IP) digits 3-5 Innervation: lateral plantar n. Blood supply: lateral plantar, plantar arch & plantar metatarsal aa.

Lumbricals

Attachments: from tendons of flexor digitorum longus to medial sides of dorsal expansions of digits 2-5 Actions: flexes proximal phalanges (MP) & extends IP joints Innervation: 1^st- medial plantar n. &2-4-lateral plantar n. Blood supply: lateral plantar, plantar arch & plantar metatarsal aa.

Muscles of lower extremity Flashcards

(49 cards)