Muscles of Lower Limb

Question 1

Answer 1

Adductor brevis

Origin: Body of inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion: Linea aspera and spiral line of femur

Action: Adducts thigh

Question 2

Answer 2

Adductor brevis

Origin: Body of inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion: Linea aspera and spiral line of femur

Action: Adducts thigh

Question 3

Answer 3

Adductor longus

Origin: Body and inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion: Linea aspera of femur

Action: Adducts and medially rotates thigh, extends thigh at hip

Question 4

Answer 4

Adductor longus

Origin: Body and inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion: Linea aspera of femur

Action: Adducts and medially rotates thigh, extends thigh at hip

Question 5

Answer 5

Adductor longus

Origin: Body and inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion: Linea aspera of femur

Action: Adducts and medially rotates thigh, extends thigh at hip

Question 6

Answer 6

Adductor magnus

Origin: Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus and tuberosity of ischium

Insertion: Linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity, and medial supracondylar line of femur

Action: Adducts and medially rotates thigh, extends thigh at hip

Question 7

Answer 7

Adductor magnus

Origin: Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus and tuberosity of ischium

Insertion: Linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity, and medial supracondylar line of femur

Action: Adducts and medially rotates thigh, extends thigh at hip

Question 8

Answer 8

Adductor magnus

Origin: Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus and tuberosity of ischium

Insertion: Linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity, and medial supracondylar line of femur

Action: Adducts and medially rotates thigh, extends thigh at hip

Question 9

Answer 9

Biceps femoris, long head

Origin:Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: head of fibula

Action: Flexes knee; extends hip; elevates trunk from stooping posture; laterally rotates tibia on femur; laterally rotates femur; counteracts forward bending at hips

Question 10

Answer 10

Biceps femoris, short head

Origin: Linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur

Insertion: head of fibula

Action: Flexes knee; extends hip; elevates trunk from stooping posture; laterally rotates tibia on femur; laterally rotates femur; counteracts forward bending at hips

Question 11

Answer 11

Extensor digitorum longus

Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia; shaft fo fibula; interosseous membrane

Insertion: Middle of distal phalanges II-V

Action: Extends toes; dorsiflexes foot; tautens plantar aponeurosis

Question 12

Answer 12

Extensor digitorum longus

Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia; shaft fo fibula; interosseous membrane

Insertion: Middle of distal phalanges II-V

Action: Extends toes; dorsiflexes foot; tautens plantar aponeurosis

Question 13

Answer 13

Extensor digitorum longus

Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia; shaft fo fibula; interosseous membrane

Insertion: Middle of distal phalanges II-V

Action: Extends toes; dorsiflexes foot; tautens plantar aponeurosis

Question 14

Answer 14

Extensor hallucis longus

Origin:Anterior surface of middle of fibula, interosseous membrane

Insertion: Distal phalanx I

Action: Extends great toe; dorsiflexes foot

Question 15

Answer 15

Fibularis brevis

Origin: Lateral surface of distal 2/3 of fibula

Insertion: Base of MT-V

Action: Maintains concavity of sole dring toe-off and tiptoeing

Question 16

Answer 16

Fibularis brevis

Origin: Lateral surface of distal 2/3 of fibula

Insertion: Base of MT-V

Action: Maintains concavity of sole dring toe-off and tiptoeing

Question 17

Answer 17

Fibularis brevis

Origin: Lateral surface of distal 2/3 of fibula

Insertion: Base of MT-V

Action: Maintains concavity of sole dring toe-off and tiptoeing

Question 18

Answer 18

Fibularis longus

Origin: Head and lateral surface of proximal 2/3 of fibula

Insertion: Medial cuneiform, MT-I

Action: Maintains concavity of sole during toe-off and tiptoeing; everts and plantar flexes foot

Question 19

Answer 19

Fibularis longus

Origin: Head and lateral surface of proximal 2/3 of fibula

Insertion: Medial cuneiform, MT-I

Action: Maintains concavity of sole during toe-off and tiptoeing; everts and plantar flexes foot

Question 20

Answer 20

Fibularis longus

Origin: Head and lateral surface of proximal 2/3 of fibula

Insertion: Medial cuneiform, MT-I

Action: Maintains concavity of sole during toe-off and tiptoeing; everts and plantar flexes foot

Question 21

Answer 21

Fibularis longus

Origin: Head and lateral surface of proximal 2/3 of fibula

Insertion: Medial cuneiform, MT-I

Action: Maintains concavity of sole during toe-off and tiptoeing; everts and plantar flexes foot

Question 22

Answer 22

Fibularis longus

Origin: Head and lateral surface of proximal 2/3 of fibula

Insertion: Medial cuneiform, MT-I

Action: Maintains concavity of sole during toe-off and tiptoeing; everts and plantar flexes foot

Question 23

Answer 23

Fibularis tertius

Origin:Medial surface of lower fibula, interosseous membrane

Insertion: Metatarsal V

Action: Dosiflexes and everts foot during walking, helps toes clear the ground

Question 24

Answer 24

Fibularis tertius

Origin:Medial surface of lower fibula, interosseous membrane

Insertion: Metatarsal V

Action: Dosiflexes and everts foot during walking, helps toes clear the ground

Question 25

Answer 25

**Flexor digitorum longus** ## Footnote Origin: Posterior surface of tibial shaft Insertion: Distal phalanges II-V Action: Flexes phalanges of digits II-V; stabilizes metatarsal heads, aids in tip-toeing

Question 26

Answer 26

**Flexor digitorum longus** ## Footnote Origin: Posterior surface of tibial shaft Insertion: Distal phalanges II-V Action: Flexes phalanges of digits II-V; stabilizes metatarsal heads, aids in tip-toeing

Question 27

Answer 27

**Flexor hallucis longus** ## Footnote Origin: Distal 2/3 of fibula and interosseous membrane Insertion: Distal phalanx I Action: Flexes phalanx I as foot is raised

Question 28

Answer 28

**Flexor hallucis longus** ## Footnote Origin: Distal 2/3 of fibula and interosseous membrane Insertion: Distal phalanx I Action: Flexes phalanx I as foot is raised

Question 29

Answer 29

**Flexor hallucis longus** ## Footnote Origin: Distal 2/3 of fibula and interosseous membrane Insertion: Distal phalanx I Action: Flexes phalanx I as foot is raised

Question 30

Answer 30

**Gastrocnemius** ## Footnote Origin: Condyles, popliteal surface, and lateral supracondylar line of femur; capsule of knee joint Insertion:Calcaneus Action: Plantar flexes foot, flexes knee, active in walking, running, and jumping

Question 31

Answer 31

**Gastrocnemius** ## Footnote Origin: Condyles, popliteal surface, and lateral supracondylar line of femur; capsule of knee joint Insertion:Calcaneus Action: Plantar flexes foot, flexes knee, active in walking, running, and jumping

Question 32

Answer 32

**Gluteus maximus** ## Footnote Origin: Posterior gluteal line of ilium, posterior surface from iliac crest to posterior superior spine, coccyx, lower sacrum, aponeurosis of erector spinae Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity of femur, lateral condyle of tibia via IT band Action: Extends thigh at hip, abducts thigh, elevates trunk

Question 33

Answer 33

**Gluteus medius** ## Footnote Origin: Most of lateral surface of ilium between crest and acetabulumn Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur Action: Abduct and medially rotate thigh

Question 34

Answer 34

**Gluteus minimus** ## Footnote Origin: Most of lateral surface of ilium between crest and acetabulumn Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur Action: Abduct and medially rotate thigh

Question 35

Answer 35

**Gracilis** ## Footnote Origin: Body and inferior ramus of pubis; ramus of ischium Insertion: Medial surface of tibia just below condyle Action: Flexes and medially rotates tibia at knee

Question 36

Answer 36

**Iliacus** ## Footnote Origin: Iliac crest and fossa, superolateral region of sacrum, anterior sacroiliac and iliolumbar ligaments Insertion: Lesser trochanter and nearby shaft of femur Action: Flexes thigh at hip, balances trunk during sitting

Question 37

Answer 37

**Pectineus** ## Footnote Origin: Superior ramus of pubis Insertion: Spiral line of femur Action: Flexes and adducts thigh

Question 38

Answer 38

**Piriformis** ## Footnote Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum; gluteal surface of ilium; capsule of sacroiliac joint Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur Action: Laterally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh

Question 39

Answer 39

**Piriformis** ## Footnote Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum; gluteal surface of ilium; capsule of sacroiliac joint Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur Action: Laterally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh

Question 40

Answer 40

**Plantaris** ## Footnote Origin: Inferior lateral supracondylar ridge of femur Insertion: Posterior calcaneus Action: Plantar flexes foot

Question 41

Answer 41

**Popliteus** ## Footnote Origin: Lateral condyle of femur; lateral meniscus and joint capsule Insertion: Posterior surface of upper tibia Action: Rotates tibia medially or femur laterally; unlocks knee to allow flexion

Question 42

Answer 42

**Psoas major** ## Footnote Origin: Bodies and tervertebral disks ov T12-L5, transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae Insertion: Lesser trochanter and nearby shaft of femur Action: Flexes thigh at hip, balances trunk during sitting

Question 43

Answer 43

**Rectus femoris** ## Footnote Origin: Ilium at anterior inferior spine and superior margin of acetabulum; capsul of hip joint Insertion: Patella; tibial tuberosity; lateral and medal condyles of tibia Action: Extends knee, flexes thigh at hip, flexes trunk on hip if thigh is fixed

Question 44

Answer 44

**Sartorius** ## Footnote Origin: On and near anterior superior spine of ilium Insertion: Medial surface of proximal end of tibia Action: Aids in knee nd hip flexion, abducts and laterally rotates thigh

Question 45

Answer 45

**Semimembranosus** ## Footnote Origin:Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Medial condyle and nearby margin of tibia; intercondylar line and lateral condyle of femur; ligament of popliteal region Action: Flexes knee; medially rotates tibia on femur when knee is flexed; medially rtates femur when hip isextended; counteracts forward bending at hips

Question 46

Answer 46

**Semitendinosus** ## Footnote Origin:Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Medial surface of upper tibia Action: Flexes knee; medially rotates tibia on femur when knee is flexed; medially rtates femur when hip isextended; counteracts forward bending at hips

Question 47

Answer 47

**Soleus** ## Footnote Origin: Posterior surface of head and proximal 1/4 of fibula; middle 1/3 of tiba, interosseous membrane Insertion: Calcaneus Action:Plantar flexes foot; steadies leg on ankle during standing

Question 48

Answer 48

**Tensor fasciae latae** ## Footnote Origin: Iliac crest, anterior superior spine, deep surface of fascia lata Insertion:lateral condyle of tibia via IT band Action: Extends knee, laterally rotates tibia, abduction and medial rotation of femur

Question 49

Answer 49

**Tibialis anterior** ## Footnote Origin: Lateral condyle and lateral margin of proximal half of tibia, interosseous membrane Insertion:Medial cuneiform, MT-I Action: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot; resists backward tipping of body; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

Question 50

Answer 50

**Tibialis posterior** ## Footnote Origin: Posterior surface of proximal half of tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane Insertion: Navicular, medial cuneiform, MT II-IV Action: Inverts foot

Question 51

Answer 51

**Tibialis posterior** ## Footnote Origin: Posterior surface of proximal half of tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane Insertion: Navicular, medial cuneiform, MT II-IV Action: Inverts foot

Question 52

Answer 52

**Vastus intermedius** ## Footnote Origin: Anterior and lateral surfaces o femoral shaft Insertion: Patella; tibial tuberosity; lateral and medial condyles of tibia Action: Extends knee

Question 53

Answer 53

**Vastus lateralis** ## Footnote Origin: Femur at greater trochanter and intertrochanteric line, gluteal tuberosity, and linea aspera Insertion: Patella; tibial tuberosity; lateral and medial condyles of tibia Action: Extends knee;retains patella in groove on femur during knee movements

Question 54

Answer 54

**Vastus medialis** ## Footnote Origin: Femur at intertrochanteric line, spiral line, linea aspera, and medial supracondylar line Insertion: Patella; tibial tuberosity; lateral and medial condyles of tibia Action: Extends knee;retains patella in groove on femur during knee movements