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Exam 3 > muscles of the abdominal wall > Flashcards

muscles of the abdominal wall Flashcards

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1
Q

what do the four walls of the abdomen reinforce muscles to do?

A

COMPRESS AND HOLD THE ABDOMINAL ORGANS IN PLACE, assist in defecation, and AID IN FORCEFUL EXHALATION.

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2
Q

when the muscles of the abdomen work together what happens?

A

flex and stabilize the vertebral column.

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3
Q

when the abdomen muscles UNILATERALLY contract, what do they do?

A

they lateral flex the vertebral column.

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4
Q

what do the external, internal and lateral obliques form?

A

rectus sheath, which surrounds and protects the rectus abdominis

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5
Q

what is the half moon like curve that is JUST LATERAL to the rectus abdominis called?

A

linea semilunaris

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6
Q

the rectus abdominis is partitioned ______ into four segments by three fibrous “tendinous intersections”.

A

HORIZONTALLY

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7
Q

what does the tendinous intersections traditionally form?

A

six-pack

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8
Q

the rectus abdominis is portioned into left and right halves by a ____ called what?

A
  • VERTICALLY

- linea alba

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9
Q

the aponeurosis extends INFERIORLY to form a strong, cordlike ligament named what?

A

inguinal ligament

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10
Q

where does the inguinal ligament extend from?

A

anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle.

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11
Q

what is the action of the external obliques when both are contracted? when one is contracted?

A
  • compress the abdomen and flex the vertebral column.

- causes lateral flexion of the vertebral column.

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12
Q

the internal obliques which also forms an ____ that contributes to the rectus sheath.

A

-aponeurosis

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13
Q

what is the action o the internal obliques?

A

-compress the abdomen and flex the vertebral column.
-causes lateral flexion of the vertebral column.
(same as external obliques)

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14
Q

what is the deepest layer underneath the internal obliques and what does is do?

A
  • transverse abdominis.

- primarily compress the abdomen

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15
Q

what is the rectus sheath?

A

ling, strap-like muscle that extends vertically the entire length of the anteriomedial wall between the sternum and the pubic symphysis.

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16
Q

what is the origin, insertion and action of the rectus abdominis?

A

1) Origin = superior surface of pubis near symphysis
2) Insertion = xiphoid process of sternum and inferior surfaces of middle ribs
3) Action = flexes vertebral column and compresses the abdominal wall

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17
Q

The floor of the pelvic cavity is formed by three layers of muscles and associated fasciae, collectively known as the ___

A

“pelvic diaphragm”

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18
Q

the pelvic diaphragm are?

A

pelvic floor and support the pelvic viscera.

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19
Q

what is the diamond shape region between the lower appendages called?

A

perineum

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20
Q

what are the four bony landmarks of the perineum?

A
  1. pubic symphysis anteriorly
  2. coccyx posteriorly
  3. BOTH ischial tuberosity
  4. TRANSVERSE ANTERIOR urogenital triangle, and POSTERIOR anal triangle.
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21
Q

what is the largest and most important muscle of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

levator ani: FUNCTIONS AS A SPHINCTER AT THE ANORECTAL JUNCTION, URETHRA, AND VAGINA.

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22
Q

what is the muscle that people perform their Kegle exercises for?

A

puboccygeal muscle.

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23
Q

where do the muscles of the pictorial girdle originate and insert?

A
  • axial skeleton

- clavicle and scapula

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24
Q

what do the muscles of the pictorial girdle do?

A

stabilize the scapula ad move it into the arms angle of movements.

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25
what are the two ANTERIOR thoracic muscles of the pictorial girdle?
pectoralis minor and the serrates anterior
26
what is the action of the pectoralis minor?
- flat thin like triangle deep into the pectoralis major | - protract and depress the scapula.
27
what is the serratus anterior? and what is its action?
- large flat like muscle between the ribs and scapula. | - protracts and depresses the scapula, stabalizes the scapula, and superiorly rotates scapula.
28
what are the three POSTERIOR muscles of the pectoral girdle?
-romboid major, rhomboid minor, and trapezius.
29
Both the “rhomboid major” and rhomboid minor” are located deep to the trapezius, and thus?
are NOT visible on the surfac
30
dose the serratus anterior and pectoral minor work together or not?
-no. therefore they are antagonistic
31
what is the action of the rhomboid major and minor?
retract and elevates scapula, and inferiorly rotates scapula
32
the trapezius is _____ on the posterior surface of the body.
VISIBLE
33
what is the origin, insertion and action of the trapezius?
O: occipital bone. I: clavicle, acromion process, and spine of scapula. A: elevates and retracts the scapula, draws head back.
34
the muscles that MOVE THE GLENOHUMERAL JOINT/ARM are classified as??
those that ORIGINATE ON THE AXIAL SKELETON, and ORIGINATE ON THE SCAPULA.
35
what is one of the muscles that originates on the AXIAL SKELETON?
latissimus dorsi. - it is a PRIME ARM EXTENSOR - often referred to as the swimmers muscle.
36
what is the origin, insertion, and action of the latissimus dorsi?
O: spinous process of T7-T12, lower ribs, iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia I:intertubercular groove of humerus A: arm extension, draws arm downward and backward while rotates medially.
37
what does the pectoralis major cover?
superior part of the thorax
38
what is the O, I, & A of the pectoralis major?
O: medial clavicle, costal cartilages of upper ribs, body of sternum I: lateral part of inter tubercular groove of proximal humerus. A: arm flexion, adducts and medially rotates arm.
39
what is one of the muscles that originates on the scapula?
deltoid
40
what does the deltoid do?
PRIME ABDUCTOR or the arm, good location for INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTIONS
41
what is the O, I, A of the deltoid?
O: arcomial end of clavicle, the acomion, and spine of scapula. I: deltoid tuberosity, A: ANTERIOR fibers flex and medially rotate arm, MIDDLE fibers abduct, POSTERIOR fibers sxtend and laterally rotate arm.
42
What muscle does the coracobrachialis work synergistic with when flexing the arm?
SYNARGISTIC TO THE PECTORAL MAJOR
43
what is the action of the coracobrachials?
adducts the arm
44
what muscle works synergistic with the theres majority extending, adducting, and medially rotating the arm?
LATISSIMUS DORSI
45
What is the theres major action?
A: arm extension, draws arm downward and backward while rotates medially.
46
what are the fur rotator cuff muscles that provide strength and stability for the glenohumeral joint?
1. subscapularis 2. supraspinatus 3. infraspinatus 4. teres minor
47
what is the action of the subscapularis?
medial rotate arm | like when you wind up and throw a ball
48
what is the action of the supraspinatus?
abducts the arm | when you wind up to execute a pitch
49
what is the action of the infraspinatus?
adducts the arm and laterally rotates arm | when you slow down your arm after the pitch
50
what is the action of the teres minor?
adducts the arm and laterally rotates arm | when you slow down your arm after the pitch
51
what is your arm and for arm?
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE ELBOW JOINT/FOREARM
52
The muscles in limbs are organized into "compartments" which are surround by?
deep fascia
53
the muscles of the arm divide into what two compartments?
Anterior: elbow flexors Posterior: elbow extensors
54
the biceps brachii is a two-headed muscle on the ______ surface of the humerus.
ANTERIOR
55
what is the O, I, and A of the bicep brachii?
O: long head- supraglenoid tubercle of scap, short head- coracoid process of scap. I:radial turberosity and bicipital aponeurosis A: flexes elbow joint
56
the triceps brachii is a large three-headed muscle located on the _____ of the arm.
-POSTERIOR
57
the tricep is a PRIME____ of the elbow joint, and so its action is ______ to that of the bicep brachii.
- EXTENSOR | - ANTAGONISTIC
58
what do the forearm muscles move?
fingers, wrist, and hand.
59
there are ____ muscles in the fingers.
NO
60
most of the ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT muscles originate on the medial ____ of the humerus.
epicondyle
61
muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm ___ the wrist.
FLEX
62
most of the POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT muscles originate on the lateral _____ of the humerus.
epicondyle
63
muscle of the posterior compartment tend to ___ the wrist.
EXTEND
64
The deep fascia of the forearm forms thickened, fibrous bands termed ____.
retinacula.
65
the retinacula helps hold the tendons close to the bone and prevent the tendons from ______.
bowstringing outward.
66
the palmar surface of the carpal bones is covered by the _________.
flexor retinaculum.
67
the dorsal surface of the carpal bones is covered by the ____
extensor retinaculum.
68
extensor tendons of the wrist and digits pass between the extensor retinaculum and the underlying _________.
carpal bones.
69
what are intrinsic muscles of the hand?
small muscles that both originate and insert on the hand. housed within the palm.
70
the most powerful and largest muscles of the lower body are found where
lower limb
71
what does fascia of the thigh do
encircle the thing muscles like a supportive stocking and tightly bind them.
72
the ANTERIOR compartment muscles either EXTEND THE ______ OR FLEX THE ____.
- KNEE | - THIGH
73
the muscles in the LATERAL compartment ---- the thigh.
ABDUCT.
74
The muscles of the POSTERIOR compartment act as both ____ OF THE KNEE AND ______ OF THE THIGH.
FLEXORS | EXTENDORS
75
The muscles of the MEDIAL compartment act as ___ of the thigh,
ADDUCTORS
76
The muscles of the thigh help ____ the highly movable ________ and support the body when standing or walking.
stabilize | acetabulofemoral joint
77
what is the long thin muscles that crosses over the anterior thigh? IT IS THE LONGEST MUSCLE IN THE BODY
Sartorius
78
what is the MEDIAL thigh muscle called
gracilis
79
what is the action of the gracilis
adducts and flexes thigh
80
what muscle is lateral of the thigh?
tensor faciae latae
81
what muscleis posterior and largest and heaviest. it is the CHIEF EXTENSOR OF THE THIGH
gluteus maximus

Exam 3 (3 decks)

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