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Musculoskeletal Gross Anatomy > muscles of the back > Flashcards

muscles of the back Flashcards

1
Q

intrinsic muscles of the back

A

superficial deep back muscles, intermediate deep back muscles, deep deep back muscles

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2
Q

extrinsic muscles of the back

A

superficial, intermediate

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3
Q

what do true back muscles do

A

mainly act on the spine

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4
Q

extrinsic superficial muscles attach to what

A

attach the axial skeleton to the appendicular skeleton

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5
Q

extrinsic intermediate muscles do what

A

superficial respiratory muscles

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6
Q

how many layers of muscles in the back

A

six

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7
Q

first layer of the back

A

extrinsic, superficial
trapezius, latissimus dorsi

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8
Q

second layer of the back

A

extrinsic, superficial
rhomboid major and minor, levator scapulae

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9
Q

third layer of the back

A

intermediate, superficial
serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior

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10
Q

fourth layer of the back

A

splenius capitis and splenius cervicis

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11
Q

fifth layer of the back

A

erector spinae group

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12
Q

sixth layer of the back

A

transversospinalis group

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13
Q

what is deeper to the sixth layer of the back

A

suboccipital muscles, intertransversarii muscles, interspinales muscles

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14
Q

how many extrinsic muscles of the back are there

A

seven in total

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15
Q

how many extrinsic muscles of the back are superficial

A

five

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16
Q

what are the five superficial extrinsic muscles of the back

A

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapulae

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17
Q

descending trapezius origin

A

medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line of occipital bone, EOP, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7 vertebra

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18
Q

descending trapezius insertion

A

lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

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19
Q

trapezius innervation motor

A

spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) (CN eleven)

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20
Q

trapezius innervation sensory

A

C3, C4 anterior rami of third and fourth cervical nerves

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21
Q

trapezius action

A

elevates shoulders, pulls shoulder blades together, tilts head backwards

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22
Q

what action happens during unilateral contraction of the trapezius

A

laterally flexes the head and neck to the same side of contraction

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23
Q

what action happens during bilateral contraction of the trapezius

A

extends the head and neck

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24
Q

transverse trapezius origin

A

spinous process of C7-T4 vertebrae

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25
Q

transverse trapezius insertion

A

acromion of scapula. lateral end of spine of scapula

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26
Q

action of the transverse trapezius

A

retracts the pectoral girdle at the acromioclavicular amd sternoclavicular joints

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27
Q

ascending trapezius origin

A

spinous process of T5-T12

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28
Q

ascending trapezius insertion

A

medial end of spine of scapula

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29
Q

ascending trapezius action

A

depress, retracts, and upwardly rotates the pectoral girdle, at AC and SC joints

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30
Q

what artery supplies the descending (upper) trapezius

A

occipital artery

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31
Q

what artery supplies the transverse trapezius

A

transverse cervical artery

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32
Q

what artery supplies the ascending (lower) trapezius

A

dorsal scapular artery

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33
Q

latissimus dorsi origin

A

process of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae (T7-T12)
thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest
ribs 9-12

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34
Q

latissimus dorsi insertion

A

intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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35
Q

latissimus dorsi innervation

A

thoraco-dorsal nerve

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36
Q

latissimus dorsi action

A

extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus

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37
Q

latissimus dorsi arterial supply

A

thoracodorsal artery

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38
Q

levator scapulae origin

A

posterior tubercle of C1-C4 TP

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39
Q

levator scapulae insertion

A

medial border of scapula, superior to the root of the scapular spine, superior angle of scapula

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40
Q

levator scapulae innervation

A

anterior rami of third and fourth cervical nerves(sensory) , dorsal scapular nerve (motor)

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41
Q

levator scapulae action

A

elevates shoulders, pulls shoulder blades together, extends and laterally flexes the neck

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42
Q

levator scapulae arterial supply

A

transverse cervical

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43
Q

rhomboid major origin

A

spinous process of the 2-5th thoracic vertebrae

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44
Q

rhomboid major insertion

A

medial border of scapula inferior to the level of the spine of scapula

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45
Q

rhomboid major innervation

A

dorsal scapular nerve

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46
Q

rhomboid major arterial supply

A

dorsal scapular artery

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47
Q

rhomboid major action

A

retract scapula and rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly, fix scapula to thoracic wall

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48
Q

rhomboid minor origin

A

spinous processes of C7-T1

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49
Q

rhomboid minor insertion

A

medial scapular spine above the spine of the scap

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50
Q

rhomboid minor innervation

A

dorsal scapular nerve

51
Q

rhomboid minor action

A

retracts and downwardly rotates pectoral shoulder girdle, fix scapula to thoracic wall

52
Q

serratus posterior superior origin

A

nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T3

53
Q

serratus posterior superior origin

A

superior border second to fifth ribs

54
Q

serratus posterior superior innervation

A

anterior rami of second to fifth thoracic nerves (intercostal nerves 2-5)

55
Q

serratus posterior superior action

A

elevate ribs, proprioception

56
Q

serratus posterior inferior origin

A

spinous process of T11-L2

57
Q

serratus posterior inferior insertion

A

external surfaces of ninth to twelfth ribs

58
Q

serratus posterior inferior action

A

depressed ribs, proprioception

59
Q

serratus posterior arterial supply

A

dorsal branches of lower posterior intercostal arteries and subcostal artery

60
Q

splenius capitis insertion

A

mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line of occipital bone

60
Q

splenius capitis origin

A

nuchal ligament and spinous process of C3-T3 vertebrae

61
Q

splenius capitis innervation

A

dorsal rami

62
Q

splenius capitis action

A

rotate and extend the head, laterally flex the neck and rotate the head to the side of active muscles

63
Q

splenius cervicis origin

A

spinous of T3-T6 vertebrae

64
Q

splenius cervicis insertion

A

transverse process of C1-C3 vertebrae

65
Q

splenius cervicis innervation

A

dorsal rami

66
Q

splenius cervicis arterial supply

A

descending branch of occipital artery and deep cervical artery

67
Q

splenius cervicis action

A

extends, rotates, and laterally flexes the neck at cervical vertebral joints
bilaterally: extends the head and neck

68
Q

what muscles make up the erector spinae group aka sacrospinalis group

A

iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

69
Q

iliocostalis cervicis origin

A

angles of third to sixth ribs

70
Q

iliocostalis cervisis insertion

A

posterior tubercle of TP of C4-C6

71
Q

iliocostalis cervicis innervation

A

dorsal rami

72
Q

iliocostalis cervicis action

A

extends and laterally flexes neck

73
Q

iliocostalis thoracis origin

A

angles of seventh to twelfth ribs

74
Q

iliocostalis thoracic insertion

A

angles of first - sixth ribs

75
Q

iliocostalis thoracic innnervation

A

dorsal rami

76
Q

iliocostalis thoracic action

A

extends and laterally flexes the trunk

77
Q

iliocostalis lumborum origin

A

iliac crest, posterolateral aspect of sacrum

78
Q

iliocostalis lumborum insertion

A

TP of L1-L4, angles of fifth to tenth ribs

79
Q

iliocostalis lumborum innervation

A

dorsal rami

80
Q

iliocostalis lumborum action

A

extends and laterally flexes the trunk

81
Q

longissimus capitis origin

A

TP of C4-T4

82
Q

longissimus capitis insertion

A

mastoid process of temporal bone

83
Q

longissimus capitis innervation

A

dorsal rami

84
Q

longissimus capitis action

A

extends, rotates, laterally flexes the head

85
Q

longissimus cervicis origin

A

TP of T1-T6

86
Q

longissimus cervicis insertion

A

TP of C2-C6
(posterior tubercles)

87
Q

longissimus cervicis innervaton

A

dorsal rami

88
Q

longissimus cervicis action

A

extends and laterally flexes neck

89
Q

longissimus thoracis origin

A

SP of L1-L5, dorsal surface of sacrum and iliac crest

90
Q

longissimus thoracis insertion

A

TP of lumbar and thoracic vertebrae, 2-12 ribs

91
Q

longissimus thoracis innervation

A

dorsal primary rami

92
Q

longissimus thoracis action

A

extend and laterally flex the trunk

93
Q

spinalis thoracis origin

A

SP of T11-L3

94
Q

spinalis thoracis insertion

A

SP of T2-T8

95
Q

spinalis thoracis action

A

extend and laterally flex the trunk

96
Q

semispinalis capitis origin

A

superior articular processes of C4-C7 vertebrae, TP of T1-T6 vertebrae

97
Q

semispinalis capitis insertion

A

area between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone

98
Q

semispinalis capitis action

A

extends and rotates the head

99
Q

semispinalis cervicis origin

A

TP of T1-T6

100
Q

semispinalis cervicis insertion

A

SP of C2-C5

101
Q

semispinalis cervicis action

A

extend and rotate the neck

102
Q

semispinalis thoracis origin

A

TP of T6-T11

103
Q

semispinalis thoracis insertion

A

SP of C6-T4

104
Q

semispinalis thoracis action

A

extend and rotate the trunk

105
Q

multifidus origin

A

PSIS, dorsal sacrum, mammillary processes of lumbar, TP of thoracic, articular processes of C4-C7

106
Q

multifidus insertion

A

SP of lumbar, thoracic, and cervical vertebrae

107
Q

multifidus action

A

extends neck and trunk, stabilizes vertebral column

108
Q

long rotatores origin

A

TP of thoracic

109
Q

long rotatores insertion

A

laminae and SP of thoracic vertebrae 2 vertebral segments above

110
Q

long rotatores action

A

extends and rotates trunk, stabilizes vertebral column

111
Q

rectus capitis posterior minor origin

A

posterior arch of atlas

112
Q

rectus capitis posterior minor insertion

A

inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

113
Q

rectus posterior capitis minor action

A

extend head

114
Q

rectus posterior capitis major origin

A

SP of axis (C2)

115
Q

rectus capitis posterior major insertion

A

inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

116
Q

rectus capitis posterior major action

A

rotates and extends head

117
Q

obliquus capitis inferior origin

A

SP of axis

118
Q

obliquus capitis inferior insertion

A

TP of atlas

119
Q

obliquus capitis inferior action

A

rotates head

120
Q

obliquus capitis superior origin

A

TP of atlas

121
Q

obliquus capitis superior insertion

A

posterior aspect of occipital bone

122
Q

obliquus capitis superior action

A

laterally flexes and extends head

Musculoskeletal Gross Anatomy (4 decks)

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