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Musculoskeletal Gross Anatomy > muscles of the back > Flashcards

muscles of the back Flashcards

(123 cards)

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1
Q

intrinsic muscles of the back

A

superficial deep back muscles, intermediate deep back muscles, deep deep back muscles

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2
Q

extrinsic muscles of the back

A

superficial, intermediate

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3
Q

what do true back muscles do

A

mainly act on the spine

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4
Q

extrinsic superficial muscles attach to what

A

attach the axial skeleton to the appendicular skeleton

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5
Q

extrinsic intermediate muscles do what

A

superficial respiratory muscles

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6
Q

how many layers of muscles in the back

A

six

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7
Q

first layer of the back

A

extrinsic, superficial
trapezius, latissimus dorsi

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8
Q

second layer of the back

A

extrinsic, superficial
rhomboid major and minor, levator scapulae

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9
Q

third layer of the back

A

intermediate, superficial
serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior

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10
Q

fourth layer of the back

A

splenius capitis and splenius cervicis

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11
Q

fifth layer of the back

A

erector spinae group

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12
Q

sixth layer of the back

A

transversospinalis group

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13
Q

what is deeper to the sixth layer of the back

A

suboccipital muscles, intertransversarii muscles, interspinales muscles

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14
Q

how many extrinsic muscles of the back are there

A

seven in total

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15
Q

how many extrinsic muscles of the back are superficial

A

five

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16
Q

what are the five superficial extrinsic muscles of the back

A

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapulae

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17
Q

descending trapezius origin

A

medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line of occipital bone, EOP, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7 vertebra

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18
Q

descending trapezius insertion

A

lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

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19
Q

trapezius innervation motor

A

spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) (CN eleven)

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20
Q

trapezius innervation sensory

A

C3, C4 anterior rami of third and fourth cervical nerves

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21
Q

trapezius action

A

elevates shoulders, pulls shoulder blades together, tilts head backwards

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22
Q

what action happens during unilateral contraction of the trapezius

A

laterally flexes the head and neck to the same side of contraction

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23
Q

what action happens during bilateral contraction of the trapezius

A

extends the head and neck

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24
Q

transverse trapezius origin

A

spinous process of C7-T4 vertebrae

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25
transverse trapezius insertion
acromion of scapula. lateral end of spine of scapula
26
action of the transverse trapezius
retracts the pectoral girdle at the acromioclavicular amd sternoclavicular joints
27
ascending trapezius origin
spinous process of T5-T12
28
ascending trapezius insertion
medial end of spine of scapula
29
ascending trapezius action
depress, retracts, and upwardly rotates the pectoral girdle, at AC and SC joints
30
what artery supplies the descending (upper) trapezius
occipital artery
31
what artery supplies the transverse trapezius
transverse cervical artery
32
what artery supplies the ascending (lower) trapezius
dorsal scapular artery
33
latissimus dorsi origin
process of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae (T7-T12) thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest ribs 9-12
34
latissimus dorsi insertion
intertubercular sulcus of humerus
35
latissimus dorsi innervation
thoraco-dorsal nerve
36
latissimus dorsi action
extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus
37
latissimus dorsi arterial supply
thoracodorsal artery
38
levator scapulae origin
posterior tubercle of C1-C4 TP
39
levator scapulae insertion
medial border of scapula, superior to the root of the scapular spine, superior angle of scapula
40
levator scapulae innervation
anterior rami of third and fourth cervical nerves(sensory) , dorsal scapular nerve (motor)
41
levator scapulae action
elevates shoulders, pulls shoulder blades together, extends and laterally flexes the neck
42
levator scapulae arterial supply
transverse cervical
43
rhomboid major origin
spinous process of the 2-5th thoracic vertebrae
44
rhomboid major insertion
medial border of scapula inferior to the level of the spine of scapula
45
rhomboid major innervation
dorsal scapular nerve
46
rhomboid major arterial supply
dorsal scapular artery
47
rhomboid major action
retract scapula and rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly, fix scapula to thoracic wall
48
rhomboid minor origin
spinous processes of C7-T1
49
rhomboid minor insertion
medial scapular spine above the spine of the scap
50
rhomboid minor innervation
dorsal scapular nerve
51
rhomboid minor action
retracts and downwardly rotates pectoral shoulder girdle, fix scapula to thoracic wall
52
serratus posterior superior origin
nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T3
53
serratus posterior superior origin
superior border second to fifth ribs
54
serratus posterior superior innervation
anterior rami of second to fifth thoracic nerves (intercostal nerves 2-5)
55
serratus posterior superior action
elevate ribs, proprioception
56
serratus posterior inferior origin
spinous process of T11-L2
57
serratus posterior inferior insertion
external surfaces of ninth to twelfth ribs
58
serratus posterior inferior action
depressed ribs, proprioception
59
serratus posterior arterial supply
dorsal branches of lower posterior intercostal arteries and subcostal artery
60
splenius capitis insertion
mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line of occipital bone
60
splenius capitis origin
nuchal ligament and spinous process of C3-T3 vertebrae
61
splenius capitis innervation
dorsal rami
62
splenius capitis action
rotate and extend the head, laterally flex the neck and rotate the head to the side of active muscles
63
splenius cervicis origin
spinous of T3-T6 vertebrae
64
splenius cervicis insertion
transverse process of C1-C3 vertebrae
65
splenius cervicis innervation
dorsal rami
66
splenius cervicis arterial supply
descending branch of occipital artery and deep cervical artery
67
splenius cervicis action
extends, rotates, and laterally flexes the neck at cervical vertebral joints bilaterally: extends the head and neck
68
what muscles make up the erector spinae group aka sacrospinalis group
iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
69
iliocostalis cervicis origin
angles of third to sixth ribs
70
iliocostalis cervisis insertion
posterior tubercle of TP of C4-C6
71
iliocostalis cervicis innervation
dorsal rami
72
iliocostalis cervicis action
extends and laterally flexes neck
73
iliocostalis thoracis origin
angles of seventh to twelfth ribs
74
iliocostalis thoracic insertion
angles of first - sixth ribs
75
iliocostalis thoracic innnervation
dorsal rami
76
iliocostalis thoracic action
extends and laterally flexes the trunk
77
iliocostalis lumborum origin
iliac crest, posterolateral aspect of sacrum
78
iliocostalis lumborum insertion
TP of L1-L4, angles of fifth to tenth ribs
79
iliocostalis lumborum innervation
dorsal rami
80
iliocostalis lumborum action
extends and laterally flexes the trunk
81
longissimus capitis origin
TP of C4-T4
82
longissimus capitis insertion
mastoid process of temporal bone
83
longissimus capitis innervation
dorsal rami
84
longissimus capitis action
extends, rotates, laterally flexes the head
85
longissimus cervicis origin
TP of T1-T6
86
longissimus cervicis insertion
TP of C2-C6 (posterior tubercles)
87
longissimus cervicis innervaton
dorsal rami
88
longissimus cervicis action
extends and laterally flexes neck
89
longissimus thoracis origin
SP of L1-L5, dorsal surface of sacrum and iliac crest
90
longissimus thoracis insertion
TP of lumbar and thoracic vertebrae, 2-12 ribs
91
longissimus thoracis innervation
dorsal primary rami
92
longissimus thoracis action
extend and laterally flex the trunk
93
spinalis thoracis origin
SP of T11-L3
94
spinalis thoracis insertion
SP of T2-T8
95
spinalis thoracis action
extend and laterally flex the trunk
96
semispinalis capitis origin
superior articular processes of C4-C7 vertebrae, TP of T1-T6 vertebrae
97
semispinalis capitis insertion
area between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone
98
semispinalis capitis action
extends and rotates the head
99
semispinalis cervicis origin
TP of T1-T6
100
semispinalis cervicis insertion
SP of C2-C5
101
semispinalis cervicis action
extend and rotate the neck
102
semispinalis thoracis origin
TP of T6-T11
103
semispinalis thoracis insertion
SP of C6-T4
104
semispinalis thoracis action
extend and rotate the trunk
105
multifidus origin
PSIS, dorsal sacrum, mammillary processes of lumbar, TP of thoracic, articular processes of C4-C7
106
multifidus insertion
SP of lumbar, thoracic, and cervical vertebrae
107
multifidus action
extends neck and trunk, stabilizes vertebral column
108
long rotatores origin
TP of thoracic
109
long rotatores insertion
laminae and SP of thoracic vertebrae 2 vertebral segments above
110
long rotatores action
extends and rotates trunk, stabilizes vertebral column
111
rectus capitis posterior minor origin
posterior arch of atlas
112
rectus capitis posterior minor insertion
inferior nuchal line of occipital bone
113
rectus posterior capitis minor action
extend head
114
rectus posterior capitis major origin
SP of axis (C2)
115
rectus capitis posterior major insertion
inferior nuchal line of occipital bone
116
rectus capitis posterior major action
rotates and extends head
117
obliquus capitis inferior origin
SP of axis
118
obliquus capitis inferior insertion
TP of atlas
119
obliquus capitis inferior action
rotates head
120
obliquus capitis superior origin
TP of atlas
121
obliquus capitis superior insertion
posterior aspect of occipital bone
122
obliquus capitis superior action
laterally flexes and extends head

Musculoskeletal Gross Anatomy (4 decks)

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