muscles of the back and neck

Question 1

what is the function of the trapezius when the scapula is fixed?

Answer 1

Bilateral: cervical extension

Unilateral: ipsilat lat flex, contralateral rotation of head

Question 2

What are the muscles found in the transversospinalis group

Answer 2

• semispinalis
• multifudus
• rotatores (longus and brevis)

Question 3

what is the function of the latissimus dorsi when the scapula is fixed?

Answer 3

bilateral: extension of lumbar spine
unilateral: ipsilateral lateral flexion of the lumbar spine

Question 4

obliquus capitus inferior

• origin
• insertion
• action

Answer 4

• origin: SP of C2
• insertion: TP of C1
• action: ipsilateral rotation of the head via neck

Question 5

Rotatores

• origin?
• Insertion?

Answer 5

• origin: Thoracic Region TPs

- Insertion: SPs of vertebrae above origin (1 vertebrae above origin= brevis, 2-3 vertebrae above origin= Longus)

Question 6

Longus Colli

• origin
• insertion
• action
• innervation

Answer 6

• origin: VBs (C5-T3)
• insertion: VBs and TPs of cervical vertebrae
• action: flexion of the cervical spine
• ant rami C2-C6

Question 7

Scalenes?

• origin
• insertion
• action

Answer 7

• origin: TPs of cervical vertebrae
• insertion: anterior and middle scalene on Rib 1, Posterior scalene on Rib 2
• action: elevation of ribs during inspiration, flexion of the cervical spine (if unilat)

Question 8

intrinsic muscles are generally attached where?

Answer 8

these are muscles that generally have attachments on the ribs or vertebral column

Question 9

serratus posterior inferior

• origin?
• insertion?
• main functions?

Answer 9

Origin: Thoracolumbar Fascia, SPs of T11-L2
Insertion: inf border ribs 8-12
main function: depression of lower ribs, proprioception

Question 10

Rectus Capitis Lateralis and Anterior

• origin
• insertion
• action
• innervation

Answer 10

• origin: TP of Atlas (C1)
• insertion: Occipital bone (base of skull)
• action: ipsilat lat flex (lateralis), flex + ipsilat rot (anterior)
• ant rami C1-C2

Question 11

Semispinalis

• origin?
• Insertion?

Answer 11

• origin: Tps of the cervical and thoracic

- Insertion: SPs 4-6 Vertebral levels above origin

Question 12

what is the innervation of the anterior deep muscles of the neck?

Answer 12

anterior rami of C1-C3

Question 13

what is the innervation of scalenes?

Answer 13

anterior Rami C3-C8

Question 14

What muscle group does the splenius belong to?

Neck or Back?

Answer 14

Neck (superficial group)

Question 15

what is the main action of transversospinalis group?

Answer 15

• contralateral rotation of the spine

- semispinalis also allows extension of the head (Capitus)

Question 16

Sternocleidomastoid
Origin?
Insertion?
innervation?
Main functions?

Answer 16

origin: Sternum and clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid Process
Innervation: Spinal Acessory Nerve

functions:
Bilateral = extension + flexion of neck
Unilateral = ipsilat lat flexion, contralat rot neck

Question 17

rectus capitus posterior minor

• origin
• insertion
• action

Answer 17

• origin: posterior tubercule of Atlas (C1)
• insertion: occipital bone
• action: extension of the head

Question 18

Levatores costarum

• origin?
• Insertion?
• actions?

Answer 18

• origin: TP from C7-T11
• Insertion: Upper boarder of the ribs
• actions: Elevates ribs, Ipsilateral lateral flexion of the vertebral column

Question 19

Levator scapulae

• origin?
• insertion?
• main functions?

Answer 19

-Origin:Transverse Processes of C1-C4
-Insertion: Superiomedial boarder of the scapula
-Primary Function:Movement of the scapula
Secondary function: unilateral ipsilateral, lateral flexion of the cervical spine
bilateral extension of the neck

Question 20

Rhomboid minor and major

• origin?
• insertion?
• main functions?

Answer 20

• Origin: spinal processes of the C7-T5
• insertion: Medial boarder of the scapula (minor is attached superior to Major)
• main function: movement of the scapula

Question 21

where is the innervation of the splenius muscles?

Answer 21

Posterior Rami of the cervical spine

Question 22

Splenius Capitus

• origin?
• Insertion?
• actions?

Answer 22

-origin:Ligamentum of Nuchae and SPs of C7-T3
-Insertion: Matoid process of the temporal bone
-actions: Bilateral extension of the head.
Unilateral: lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation of the head

Question 23

What are the intrinsic muscles of the back innervated by?

Answer 23

by branches of the posterior rami of spinal nerves

Question 24

obliquus capitus superior

• origin
• insertion
• action

Answer 24

• origin: TP of Atlas (C1)
• insertion: occipital bone
• action: extension and ipsilateral lateral flexion of the head

Question 25

rectus capitus posterior major - origin - insertion - action

Answer 25

- origin: SP of axis (C2) - insertion: Occipital bone - action: extension and ipsilateral rotation of the head

Question 26

What are the posterior suboccipital muscles of the neck?

Answer 26

- rectus capitus posterior major - rectus capitus posterior minor - obliquus capitus superior - obliquus capitus inferior

Question 27

what extrinsic back muscles are found in the 3rd superficial layer?

Answer 27

- serratus posterior superior | - serratus posterior inferior

Question 28

what back muscles are included in the 1st superficial layer?

Answer 28

- Trapezius | - latissimus Dorsi

Question 29

what are intrinsic muscleS?

Answer 29

these are muscles located in one area and allow for movement in that particular area

Question 30

deep muscles of the back is another name given to which muscles?

Answer 30

the intrinsic muscles

Question 31

what types of muscles of the back are responsible for the movement of the upper limbs?

Answer 31

extrinsic muscles

Question 32

serratus posterior superior - origin? - insertion? - main functions?

Answer 32

-origin: Nuchal ligament and SPs of C7-T3 -Insertion: sup border ribs 2-4 main function: elevation of the upper ribs, proprioception

Question 33

Multifidus - origin? - Insertion?

Answer 33

- origin: Thoracolumbar TPs | - Insertion:SPs 2-4 Vertebral levels above origin

Question 34

what muscles are found in the splenius?

Answer 34

-splenius Capitus | Splenius Cevicis

Question 35

what are the minor deep muscles of the back?

Answer 35

- Interspinalis - intertransversari - levatores Costarum

Question 36

how are extrinsic muscles of the back innervated? is there an exception?

Answer 36

superficial muscles of the back are innervated by the branches of the anterior rami of the spinal nerves however, trapezius is innervated by the spinal accessory nerves

Question 37

what is the main actions of the Erector Spinae?

Answer 37

-bilateral: extension of the vertebral column -unilateral: lat flexion spine | Unilateral lateral flexion of the vertebral column (strictly accomplished by the Iliocostalis)

Question 38

What are the muscles found in the erector Spinae? | What is the trick to remember them?

Answer 38

- Iliocostalis - longissimus - Spinalis -I like standing muscles

Question 39

what is the primary function of intrinsic muscles?

Answer 39

they support and allow movement of the vertebral column

Question 40

Splenius Cervicis - origin? - Insertion? - actions?

Answer 40

-origin: SPs of T3-4 -Insertion: TPs of C1-3 -actions: Bilateral:Extension of the spine Unilateral: Lateral Flexion and ipsilateral rotation of the neck

Question 41

What back and neck muscles are involved in respiration?

Answer 41

- serratus posterior superior - serratus posterior inferior - Levatores Costarum - scalenes

Question 42

Intertransversari - origin? - Insertion? - actions?

Answer 42

- origin: TP prominent in the cervical and Lumbar regions - Insertion: TP of the vertebrae above - actions: Ipsilateral lateral flexion of the spine

Question 43

Longus Capitis - origin - insertion - action - innervation

Answer 43

- origin: C3-C6 TP - insertion: occipital bone - action: flexion of the head - C1-C3 ant rami

Question 44

Generally speaking, when taking about movement of the back and neck, what term can be used to describe their rotation

Answer 44

neck: ipsilateral movements back: contralateral movements for the most part

Question 45

rectus capitus lateralis - origin - insertion - action

Answer 45

- origin: TP of Atlas (C1) - insertion: occipital bone - action: stabilizes head, weak lateral flexion of the head

Question 46

Interspinalis - origin? - Insertion? - actions?

Answer 46

- origin: SP of one vertebrae - Insertion: SP of the vertebrae above - actions: Extension of the spine

Question 47

what is the triangle of Auscultation? | what is it bordered by?

Answer 47

- its an area of muscle thinning where clear respiratory sounds can be heard - bordered by Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi and Rhomboid Major

Question 48

what are the anterior Deep muscles of the neck?

Answer 48

- Rectus capitis Lateralis + anterior - Longus Capitis - Longus Colli

Question 49

what muscles form the suboccipital triangle?

Answer 49

it is bordered by - Rectus capitus Major - Obliquus capitis inferior - Obliquus capitis superior

Question 50

how are the suboccipital muscles (posterior) of the neck innervated?

Answer 50

suboccipital nerve (posterior ramus of C1)

Question 51

what extrinsic back muscles are found in the second superficial layer

Answer 51

Levator Scapulae Rhomboid Minor Rhomboid Major

Question 52

where are the scalenes located?

Answer 52

anterior muscle of the neck

Question 53

trapezius innervation

Answer 53

spinal accessory nerve (CNXI)

Question 54

latissimus dorsi innervation

Answer 54

thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)

Question 55

levator scapulae innervation

Answer 55

ant rami (C3-C5)

Question 56

rhomboid major and minor innervation

Answer 56

dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

Question 57

erector spinae (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis) innervation

Answer 57

posterior rami of adjacent spinal nerves

Question 57

serratus posterior superior innervation

Answer 57

T2-T5 ant rami

Question 58

serratus posterior inferior

Answer 58

T9-T12 ant rami

Question 59

iliocostalis origin insertion

Answer 59

origin: ilium/sacrum, vert processes/supraspinous ligament (all erector spinae muscles) insertion: lower ribs, cervical TPs

Question 60

longissimus origin insertion

Answer 60

origin: ilium/sacrum, vert processes/supraspinous lig insertion: ribs, T+C TPs, mastoid process

Question 61

spinalis origin insertion

Answer 61

origin: ilium/sacrum, vert processes/supraspinous lig insertion: upper T SPs, cranium

Question 62

transversospinalis group muscles origin to insertion innervation

Answer 62

muscles: semispinalis, rotatores, multifidus origin to insertion: TP to SP innervation: post rami

Question 63

interspinalis origin to insertion function innervation

Answer 63

SP to SP, deep to supraspinous lig spine extension post rami

Question 64

intertransversarii origin to insertion function innervation

Answer 64

TP to TP, a lot in C and L regions ipsilat lat flex post rami

Question 65

levatores costarum origin to insertion function innervation

Answer 65

C7 and Thoracic TP to ribs below primary: rib elevation secondary: ipsilat lat flex post rami

Question 66

splenius capitis origin insertion function innervation

Answer 66

o: nuchal lig, C7-T2 SP i: mastoid process, occiput f: bilat = neck extension, unilat = ipsilat lat flex, ipsilat rot in: post rami of cervical nerves

Question 67

splenius cervicis origin insertion function innervation

Answer 67

o: T3-T6 SP i: C1-C3 or C4 TP f: bilat = neck extension, unilat = ipsilat lat flex, ipsilat rot in: post rami of cervical nerves

Question 68

suboccipital muscles (Rc minor + major, Oc inf + sup) innervation

Answer 68

suboccipital nerve

Question 69

what does suboccipital triangle contain

Answer 69

vertebral artery suboccipital nerve

Question 70

sternocleidomastoid innervation

Answer 70

spinal accessory nerve

Question 71

ant scalene middle scalene post scalene origin to insertion

Answer 71

all from TP of cervical spine ant: C3-C6 to rib 1 middle: C5-C7 to rib 1 post: C5-C7 to rib 2