Muscles of the forearm

Question 1

Brachialis attachments

Answer 1

Distal half of anterior surface of humerus

Ulnar tuberosity and anterior coronoid process

Question 2

Brachialis action

Answer 2

Elbow (humeroulnar) flexion

Question 3

Brachialis innervation

Answer 3

Musculocutaneous C5-7

Question 4

Flexor carpi ulnaris attachments

Answer 4

Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus and posterior 2/3 of proximal ulna
Inserts at pisiform, hook of hamate, and base of the fifth met

Note that the ulnar nerve travels along this line

Question 5

Flexor carpi ulnaris actions

Answer 5

Wrist flexion
Wrist ulnar deviation (adduction)
Assists humeroulnar flexion

Question 6

Flexor carpi ulnaris innervation

Answer 6

Ulnar nerve C7/8, T1

Question 7

Attachments of palmaris longus

Answer 7

Common flexor tendon from medial humeral epicondyle
Inserts at palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum
Note, good landmark for median nerve

Question 8

Actions of palmaris longus

Answer 8

Primary: gripping w palm
Secondary: wrist flexion humeroulnar flexion

Question 9

Innervation of palmaris longus

Answer 9

Median nerve C5-T1

Question 10

Attachments of flexor carpi radialis

Answer 10

Common flexor tendon at medial epicondyle
Base of 2nd and 3rd Mets
Note that radial nerve follows

Question 11

Actions of FCR

Answer 11

Radial deviation (abduction)
wrist flexion
elbow flexion
assists pronation

Question 12

Innervation of FCR

Answer 12

Median nerve C5-T1

Question 13

Attachments of pronator teres

Answer 13

medial epicondyle of humerus and medial aspect of coronoid process
Middle 1/3 of lateral surface of radius

Question 14

Actions of pronator teres

Answer 14

Pronation

Weak elbow flexion

Question 15

Innervation of pronator teres

Answer 15

Median nerve C5-T1

Question 16

Attachments of the flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 16

Common flexor tendon, medial aspect of coronoid process, ulnar collateral ligament
Oblique line of radius
Insertions: middle phalanges of digits 2-5, note that there is a bifurcation near insertion for FDP to pass through

Note that median nerve passes between two heads

Question 17

Actions of FDS

Answer 17

PIP, MIP and wrist flexion

Secondary: elbow flexion

Question 18

Innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 18

Median nerve C5-T1

Question 19

Attachments of flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 19

Proximal 3/4s of medial anterior ulna, middle of anterior aspect of interosseus membrane
Insertion: palmar aspect of DIPs of digits 2-5, passing through bifurcation of FDS

Question 20

Actions of FDP

Answer 20

Flexion at DIPs, MIPs, and PIPs of 2-5 and wrist flexion

Question 21

Innervation of FDP

Answer 21

Digits 4/5 ulnar nerve C7-T1

Digits 2/3 median nerve C5-T1

Question 22

Attachments of Flexor pollicis longus

Answer 22

Anterior aspect of radius distal to oblique line down to pronator quadratus
Interosseus membrane on radial half
(note that FPL has its own tendinous sheath separate from flexor digitori)
Inserts at base of distal phalanx of pollux

Question 23

Actions of flexor pollicis longus

Answer 23

Flexion of pollux at IP and MCP

Wrist flexion

Question 24

Innervation of flexor pollicis longus

Answer 24

Median nerve C5-T1

Question 25

Attachments of pronator quadratus

Answer 25

Distal anterior medial 1/4 of ulna to distal anterior lateral radius (wraps borders of anterior forearm)

Question 26

Actions of pronator quadratus

Answer 26

Pronation (slow strong) | Holds radius and ulna together

Question 27

Innervation of pronator quadratus

Answer 27

Median nerve C5-T1

Question 28

Attachments of brachioradialis

Answer 28

Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus to styloid of radius

Question 29

Actions of brachioradialis

Answer 29

``` Elbow flexion (most effective in mid pronation (handshake position)) Assists pronation and suppination ```

Question 30

Innervation of brachioradialis

Answer 30

Radial nerve C5-T1

Question 31

Attachments of extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

Answer 31

Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Insertions: Dorsum of base of the 2nd met (longus) Dorsum of base of 3rd met (brevis)

Question 32

Actions of extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

Answer 32

Wrist extension, abduction | Assists elbow flexion

Question 33

Innervation of extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

Answer 33

Radial nerve C5-T1

Question 34

Attachments of Extensor digitorum

Answer 34

Common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle | Middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5 w bifurcation at PIP for lumbricals

Question 35

Actions of extensor digitorum

Answer 35

Extension at DIPS/PIPS/MTPs of 2-5 Wrist extension Assists elbow extension

Question 36

Innervation of extensor digitorum

Answer 36

Radial nerve C5-T1

Question 37

Extensor digiti minimi (part of ED but different sheath) attachments

Answer 37

Lateral epicondyle of humerus | Dorsal aspect of middle and distal fifth digit

Question 38

Extensor digiti minimi action

Answer 38

Extension of fifth digit | Assists wrist and elbow flexion

Question 39

Innervation of extensor digiti minimi

Answer 39

Radial nerve C5-T1

Question 40

Attachments of extensor carpi ulnaris

Answer 40

Common extensor tendon at lateral epicondyle | Dorsum of base of fifth

Question 41

Actions of extensor carpi ulnaris

Answer 41

Wrist extension Ulnar deviation (adduction) assists elbow extension

Question 42

Innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris

Answer 42

Radial nerve C5-T1

Question 43

Attachments of anconeus

Answer 43

Lateral epicondyle of humerus | lateral olecranon process and lateral proximal shaft of ulna (crosses over head of radius)

Question 44

Actions of anconeus

Answer 44

Elbow extension | Stabilizes head of radius

Question 45

Innervation of anconeus

Answer 45

Radial nerve C5-T1

Question 46

Attachments of supinator

Answer 46

Lateral epicondyle, supinator crest, radial collateral lig, annular lig Envelops the neck and proximal shaft of the radius Lateral proximal radial shaft

Question 47

Actions of supinator

Answer 47

Supination

Question 48

Innervation of supinator

Answer 48

Deep branch radial nerve C5-T1

Question 49

Components of the anatomical snuffbox

Answer 49

Radial artery Scaphoid Trapezium

Question 50

Cubital fossa

Answer 50

Depression between pronator teres and brachioradialis | Also bordered by radial nerve, ulnar nerve and radial artery

Question 51

Borders of the anatomical snuffbox

Answer 51

Tendon of extensor pollicis longus Abductor pollicis longus Styloid process of the radius