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anatomy 1B > muscles of the head neck and face > Flashcards

muscles of the head neck and face Flashcards

(96 cards)

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1
Q

sella turcica – location

A
  • inside skull
  • intersection of the greater + lesser wings of sphenoid
  • saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone
  • “turk’s saddle”
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2
Q

sella turcica – function

A
  • protects pituitary gland

- location for optic chiasm (where nerves from L + R eyes cross)

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3
Q

cribiform plate – location

A
  • part of ethmoid bone

- located inside skull, directly above nasal passage

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4
Q

cribiform plate – function

A
  • grooves on either side of the cribiform plate support the olfactory bulb and are perforated by foramina for the passage of the olfactory nerves
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5
Q

crista galli – location

A
  • ridge of bone that projects upward from the middle line of the cribiform plate
  • “rooster’s comb”
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6
Q

crista galli – function

A
  • where olfactory cranial nerves extend to nose
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7
Q

cranial nerves vs spinal nerves

A
  • cranial nerves come directly from brain

- spinal lnerves emerge from spinal cord

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8
Q

trachea – aka

A

“windpipe”

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9
Q

trachea – location

A
  • center of anterior neck
  • ribbed, cartilaginous tube roughly 1” diameter
  • deep to thyroid gland
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10
Q

trachea – includes

A

superior to inferior:

  • hyoid bone
  • thyroid cartilage
  • cricoid cartilage
  • thyroid gland + isthmus
  • tracheal rings
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11
Q

hyoid bone

A
  • horseshoe-shaped bone that does not articulate with any other bone (“hyoid” = U-shaped)
  • located parallel to base of mandible (jawline) and C-3 or C-4, superior to thyroid cartilage
  • accessible + elevates upon swallowing
  • attachment site for suprahyoid + infrahyoid myo
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12
Q

thyroid cartilage

A
  • aka “Adam’s apple”

- located below chin, inferior to hyoid but superior to cricoid cartilage

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13
Q

cricoid cartilage

A
  • the only complete ring of cartilage around the trachea (“cricoid” = ring shaped)
  • is slightly larger than other trachael rings
  • located just inferior to thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple)
  • attachment site for myo, cartilage + ligaments involved in opening/closing of airway + in speech production
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14
Q

thyroid gland

A
  • two glands (L + R) that are connected by isthmus
  • controls how quickly the body uses energy + makes proteins
  • controls how sensitive the body is to other hormones
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15
Q

isthmus

A
  • bridge connecting 2 lobes of the thyroid

- located inferior to cricoid cartilage

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16
Q

tracheal rings

A
  • pliable but tough to maintain and open airway

- wraps 3/4 way around trachea (membrane closes at back)

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17
Q

sternocleidomastoid (SCM) – location

A
  • located on lateral, anterior neck

- large belly w/ 2 heads (flate clavicular head + slender sternal head)

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18
Q

sternocleidomastoid (SCM) – origin

A
  • top of manubrium (sternal head)

- medial 1/3 of clavical (clavicular head)

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19
Q

sternocleidomastoid (SCM) – insertion

A

mastoid proess of temporal bone

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20
Q

sternocleidomastoid (SCM) – action

A
  • laterally flex head + neck to same side (unilaterally)
  • rotate head + neck to opposite side (unilaterally)
  • flex neck (bilaterally)
    (shaking head no + nodding yes; cocking ear to listen)
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21
Q

sternocleidomastoid (SCM) – nerve

A

spinal accessory nerve (also nerve for trapezius) (aka cranial nerve XI)

(SCM + upper fibers of traps begin as one myo in embryo and split during development)

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22
Q

scalenes – location

A
  • sandwiched b/w SCM + anterior flap of trapezius on the lateral, anterior neck
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23
Q

scalenes – names

A
  • anterior scalene - lies partially tucked beneath SCM
  • middle scalene - slightly larger, lies lateral to anterior scalene
  • posterior scalene - deeper, smaller, b/w middle scalene + levator scapula
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24
Q

scalenes – origin

A
  • anterior: TVP’s of C-3 to C-6
  • middle: TVP’s of C-2 to C-7 (longer)
  • posterior: TVP’s of C-6 and C-7 (shortest)
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25
scalenes -- insertion
- anterior + middle: 1st rib | - posterior: 2nd rib
26
scalenes -- action
- laterally flex head + neck to same side (unilaterally) - rotate head + neck to opposite side (unilaterally) - flex head + neck (bilaterally -- anterior scalenes only)
27
brachial plexus + relation to scalenes
- large branches of brachial plexus (group of nerves) pass thru small gap b/w anterior + middle scalenes, and run down arm (one of the branches, musculocutaneous nerve, goes thru coracobrachialis myo) - compression or impingement of brachial plexus or one of its nerves can send a sharp, shooting sensation or numbness down arm
28
subclavian artery + relation to scalenes
- subclavian artery passes thru small gap b/w anterior + middle scalenes, and sends blood to arms - passes b/w rib 1 + clavicle, so thoracic outlet syndrome could be harmful
29
masseter -- location
- located on side of mandible | - consists of 2 overlapping bellies
30
masseter -- function
- strongest myo in body relative to size - primary chewing myo - also used in speaking + swallowing
31
masseter -- origin
zygomatic arch
32
masseter -- insertion
angle + ramus of mandible
33
masseter -- action
elevate mandible (at TMJ)
34
masseter -- nerve
trigeminal nerve - mandibular branch (aka cranial nerve 5)
35
trigeminal nerve -- 3 branches
1. opthalmic branch 2. maxillary branch 3. mandibular branch
36
temporalis -- location
- covers almost all of temporal bone (can palpate at temple area when teeth are clenched) - fibers reach under zygomatic arch to connect at coronoid process
37
temporalis -- origin
temporal fossa (almost all of temporal bone; some of parietal and frontal bone)
38
temporalis -- insertion
- coronoid process of mandible | - anterior edge of ramus of mandible
39
temporalis -- action
elevate mandible (at TMJ)
40
temporalis -- nerve
trigeminal nerve - mandibular branch (aka cranial nerve 5)
41
suprahyoids -- location
- located on underside of jaw, superior to hyoid bone - stretch from edge of mandible to hyoid - used for chewing, swallowing, speaking
42
suprahyoids -- names
- geniohyoid ("genion" = chin) - mylohyod (largest) - stylohyoid (almost parallel to posterior belly of digastric)
43
suprahyoids -- origin
- geniohyoid + mylohyoid: underside of mandible (though geniohyoid is smaller + just alongside midline of chin) - stylohyoid: styloid process of temporal bone
44
suprahyoids -- insertion
hyoid bone
45
suprahyoids -- action
- elevate hyoid + tongue | - depress mandible (at TMJ)
46
digastric -- location + uniqueness
- long myo composed of an anterior + posterior belly ("di" = two) - anterior + poster bellies are separated by tendinous ring that's attached to hyoid bone - posterior belly penetrates thru stylohyoid
47
digastric -- origin
mastoid process of temporal bone
48
digastric -- insertion
inferior border of mandible (via tendinous ring)
49
digastric -- action
- depress mandible | - elevate hyoid
50
infrahyoids -- location
- located on anterior neck, superficial to trachea | - all 4 myo function as antagonists to suprahyoids
51
infrahyoids -- names
- sternohyoid - sternothyroid - thyrohyoid - omohyoid ("omos" = shoulder)
52
infrahyoids -- origin
- sternohyoid + sternothyroid: top of manubrium - thyrohyoid: thyroid cartilage - omohyoid: scapula ("omos" = shoulder)
53
infrahyoids -- insertion
- sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid: hyoid bone | - sternothyroid: thyroid cartilage
54
infrahyoids -- action
depress hyoid + thyroid cartilage
55
platysma -- location
- thin, superficial sheath spanning anterior neck from mandible to chest - integumentary myo that are embedded in superficial fascia + attach to skin + overlying myo (instead of connecting to bones) - (in other mammals, a similar sheet of myo lies on the back)
56
platysma -- origin
fascia covering superior part of pectoralis major
57
platysma -- insertion
base of mandible
58
platysma -- action
- tighten fascia of neck - draw down corner of mouth (as in a frown or pout) - creates infamous "Creature from the Black Lagoon" expression
59
platysma -- nerve
cranial nerve VII (dysfunction leads to Bell's Palsy)
60
occipitofrontalis -- location
4 bellies (2 left and 2 right) that are attached by same tendon (galea aponeurosis, a broad sheath of connective tissue stretching across top of cranium)
61
occipitofrontalis -- names
- frontalis | - occipitalis
62
occipitofrontalis -- origin
galea aponeurosis (for both myos)
63
occipitofrontalis -- insertion
- frontalis: skin superior to eyebrows | - occipitalis: superior nuchal line of occiput
64
occipitofrontalis -- action
- raise eyebrows + wrinkle forehead (frontalis) | - anchor + retract galea posteriorly (occipitalis)
65
occipitofrontalis -- nerve
cranial nerve VII (dysfunction leads to Bell's Palsy)
66
medial and lateral pterygoids -- location
- medial pterygoid located on interior side of mandible (shape + position mirror masseter myo) - both myos can be accessed through the mouth - both myos assist masseter + temporalis w/ movement of mandible
67
lateral pterygoids -- significance
important bc attaches to TMJ (can massage this myo to relieve TMJ syndrome)
68
medial pterygoid -- origin
- lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid | - tuberosity of maxilla
69
medial pterygoid -- insertion
medial surface of ramus of mandible
70
medial pterygoid -- action
- laterally deviate mandible to opposite side (unilaterally) | - elevate + protract mandible (bilaterally)
71
medial pterygoid -- nerve
trigeminal nerve (aka cranial nerve V)
72
lateral pterygoid -- origin
- crest of greater wing of sphenoid bone (superior head) | - lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone (inferior head)
73
lateral pterygoid -- insertion
- articular disc + capsule of TMJ | - neck of mandible
74
lateral pterygoid -- action
- laterally deviate mandible to opposite side (unilaterally) | - protract mandible (bilaterally)
75
lateral pterygoid -- nerve
trigeminal nerve (aka cranial nerve V)
76
myo that elevate the mandible
- masseter - temporalis - medial pterygoid
77
myo that depress the mandible
- geniohyoid - mylohyoid - stylohyoid - digastric (w/ hyoid fixed) - platysma (assists)
78
myo that protract the mandible
- lateral pterygoid - medial pterygoid - masseter (assists)
79
myo that retract the mandible
- temporalis | - digastric
80
buccinator -- location
bilateral myo located at center of cheek, on either side of corners of mouth
81
buccinator -- action
- blowing, sucking - visually can produce small dimple at cheek center - puffing up cheeks will stretch buccinators
82
orbicularis oris -- location
single, strong, sphincter myo that encircles mouth
83
orbicularis oris -- action
- essential for speech + eating (closes mouth + shaping lips) - indispensible to woodwind players - can either narrow or protrude lips
86
common carotid artery -- location
- ascends anterior, lateral neck | - lies deep to SCM + infrahyoid myo
87
common carotid artery -- function
- primary supplier of blood to head + neck | - strong pulse can be felt medial to SCM at level of hyoid
88
facial nerve -- location
- aka cranial nerve VII - from tragus (ear), branches off + spreads across the face, scalp, neck - often 2 or more branches of facial nerve cross superficially over zygomatic arch
89
facial nerve -- function + dysfunction
- important to know its location due to proximity to other palpable structures on side of face - lesion/injury of facial nerve can lead to Bell's Palsy
90
vertebral artery -- location
- branches off subclavian artery - ascends neck thru transverse foramen of C-6 to C-1 - passes thru foramen magnum of occiput
91
vertebral artery -- function
supplies blood to brain + spinal cord
92
parotid gland -- location
- bilaterally located in front of earlobe, superficial to masseter myo - has a soft, lumpy surface - penetrated by facial nerve branches
93
parotid gland -- function + dysfunction
- largest salivary gland | - parotitis (i.e. mumps) is when this gland is inflamed (and causes gerbil cheeks)
94
brachial plexus -- location
- exits from TVP's of C-5 to T-1 - squeezes between anterior + middle scalenes - continues inferiorly + laterally underneath clavicle to axillary
95
brachial plexus -- function
- large bundle of nerves that innervates shoulder + upper extremity - compressing or impinging one of nerves in bundle can create a sharp, shooting sensation down arm
95
orbicularis oculi -- location
- sphincter myo encircling eye - thick outer fibers form "orbital "part of myo - inner fibers form "palpebral" part of myo
96
brachial plexus -- nerve roots
consists only of nerve roots C-5, C-5, C-7, C-8, and T-1
96
orbicularis oculi -- function
- close eyelid - squinting - blinking - "smiling" with eyes - create crow's fewer over time after chronic contraction

anatomy 1B (9 decks)

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