Muscles of the pelvic limb

Question 1

Biceps femoris

Answer 1

O: ischiatic tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament

I: patella, patellar ligament; cranial border of tibia via fascia latae and crural fascia; tuber calcanei via common calcanean tendon

Action: extend hip and hock; flex stifle (non weight bearing) or extend (weight bearing)

popliteal lymph node

Question 2

Semitendinosus

Answer 2

O: ischiatic tuberosity

I: medial surface of tibial body; tuber calcanei via common calcanean tendon

Action: extend hip and hock, flex stifle

Question 3

Semimembranous

Answer 3

O: ischiatic tuberosity

I: distal and medial aspect of caudal femur; medial condyle of tibia

Action: extend hip; flex (non weight bearing) or extend (weight bearing) the stifle

Question 4

Sartorius

Answer 4

O: ilium

I: patellar and cranial border of tibia

Action: flex hip; extend (weight bearing) or flex (non weight bearing)

• *deep inguinal lymph nodes at cranial border**
• *caudal belly is the cranial border of the femoral triangle**

Question 5

Gracilis

Answer 5

O: pelvic symphysis via symphysial tendon

I: cranial border of tibia; tuber calcanei via common calcanean tendon

A: extend hip and hock; flex stifle; adduct limb

Question 6

Pectineus

Answer 6

O: pubis

I: distal end of caudomedial aspect of femur

Action: adduct limb

caudal border for femoral triangle

Question 7

Adductor

Answer 7

O: pelvic symphysis via symphysial tendon; ventral surface of pubis and ischium

I: caudolateral aspect of femur

Action: adduct limb; extend hip

Question 8

Tensor fasciae latae

Answer 8

O: tuber coxae; aponeuroses of middle gluteal muscle

I: fascia lata (lateral femoral fascia)

Action: tense fascia lata, flex hip, and extend stifle

Question 9

What muscles make up the hamstring?

Answer 9

1. Biceps femoris
2. Semimembranosus
3. Semitendinosus

Question 10

superficial gluteal

Answer 10

O: deep gluteal fascia; sacrotuberous ligament

I: third trochanter of the femur

Action: abduct hip; extend hip

** fuses with biceps femoris in ox; why ox doesn’t need a third trochanter**

Question 11

middle gluteal

Answer 11

O: crest and gluteal surface of ilium

I: greater trochanter of the femur

Action: extend hip; abduct hip; rotate the pelvic limb medially

trochanteric bursa: passes over cranial part of the greater trochanter

Question 12

Deep gluteal

Answer 12

O: body of ilium

I: greater trochanter of femur

Action: abduct hip, extend hip; rotate pelvic limb medially

Question 13

internal obturator

Answer 13

O: dorsal surface of ischium and pubis

I: trochanteric fossa of the femur

Action: rotate pelvic limb laterally

lateral rotators of the hip; small pelvic association

tendinous and subtendinous bursa-passes over lesser ischiatic notch**

Question 14

gemelli

Answer 14

O: lateral surface of ischium; ventral to lesser ischiatic notch

I: trochanteric fossa of the femur

Action: rotate pelvic limb laterally

** lateral rotators of the hip; small pelvic association**

Question 15

Quadratus Femoris

Answer 15

O: ventral surface of the caudal ischium

I: intertrochanteric crest of the femur

Action: rotate pelvic limb laterally; extend hip

lateral rotators of hip; small pelvic association*

Question 16

External Obturator

Answer 16

O: ventral surface of pubis and ischium

I: trochanteric fossa of femur

Action: rotate pelvic limb laterally

Question 17

Quadriceps femoris

Answer 17

1. Vastus Medialis
2. Vastus Intermedialis
3. Rectus Femoris
4. Vastus Lateralis

O: ilium (rectus femoris); proximal aspect of femur (other heads)

I: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Action: flex hip (rectus femoris); extend stifle joint (all heads)

Question 18

Iliopsoas

Answer 18

O: ventral aspect of lumbar vertebrae (psoas major); cranioventral ilium (iliacus)

I: lesser trochanter of the femur

Action: flex hip

Question 19

Cranial tibial

Answer 19

O: proximal and lateral aspect of the tibia near extensor groove

I: proximal plantar surface of metatarsals I and II

Action: flex tarsus; rotate paw laterally so plantar surface faces medially; SUPINATION of paw

• *cunean tendon**
• *held down by crural extensor retinaculum along with tendon of long digital extensor**

Question 20

long digital extensor

Answer 20

O: extensor fossa of femur

I: extensor processes of distal phalanges of joints 2, 3, 4, and 5

Action: extend digits; flex tarsus

held down by crural extensor retinaculum and tarsal extensor retinaculum

Question 21

Fibularis (peroneus) Longus

Answer 21

O: lateral collateral ligament; proximal aspect of tibia and fibula

I: Tarsal bone IV; plantar aspect of proximal ends of metatarsals

Action: flex tarsus; rotate paw medially so plantar surface faces laterally; PRONATION of paw

Question 22

Gastrocnemius

Answer 22

O: medial and lateral supracondylar tuberositites of femur

I: tuber calcanei

Action: extend tarsus; flex stifle

• heads make contact with fabellae!!*
• candy stripes with superficial digital flexor*

Question 23

What muscle make up the small pelvic association and act as lateral rotators of the hip?

Answer 23

Queen Emily Is Great

1. Quadratus femoris
2. External Obturator
3. Internal Obturator
4. Gemelli

Question 24

What muscles act as medial rotators of the hip?

Answer 24

1. medial gluteal

2. deep gluteal

Question 25

What muscles insert at the tuber calcanei and make up the common calcanean tendon

Answer 25

Big Girls Should Get STuffed 1. Biceps Femoris 2. Gracilis 3. Superficial Digital Flexor 4. Gastrocnemius 5. SemiTendinosus ** superficial digital flexor is the ONLY one that goes all the way to the sustentaculum tali***

Question 26

What three muscles make up the femoral triangle

Answer 26

Cranial border: caudal part of sartorius Caudal border: pectineus Base: abdominal wall and inguinal ligament

Question 27

What are the borders of the pelvic outlet?

Answer 27

Lateral: sacrotuberous ligament; gluteal muscles Dorsal: first caudal vertebrae Ventral: ischiatic arch

Question 28

What are the borders of the pelvic inlet?

Answer 28

Lateral: arcuate line Dorsal: promonotory of sacrum Ventral: pecten of pubis

Question 29

superficial digital flexor

Answer 29

O: lateral supracondylar tuberosity of the femur I: tuber calcanei; plantar aspect of the base of the middle phalanx of digits 2, 3, 4, and 5. Action: flex digits; extend tarsus; flex stifle * **subcutaneous calcanean bursa** * *intertendinous calcanean bursa**

Question 30

deep digital flexor

Answer 30

O: proximal tibia and fibula and adjacent interosseus membrane between the two I: plantar aspect of the base of the distal phalanx of digits 1-5 Action: flex digits; extend tarsus ***has a lateral (passing over sustentaculum tali and held down by flexor retinaculum) and medial head***

Question 31

popliteus

Answer 31

O: lateral condyle of femur I: proximal and caudomedial aspect of femur Action: flex stifle; rotate leg (crus) medially