Muscles of the Pelvis

Question 1

name the 4 muscles of the pelvis

Answer 1

• piriformis
• coccygeus
• levator ani
• obturator internus

Question 2

name the muscles that make up the pelvic diaphragm

Answer 2

• levator ani

- coccygeus

Question 3

name the three parts that make up the levator ani muscles

Answer 3

• iliococcygeus
• pubococcygeus
• puborectalis

Question 4

what is the origins of the piriformis muscle?

Answer 4

• surface of the sacrum

- sacrotuberous ligament

Question 5

what are the insertions of the piriformis muscle?

Answer 5

• superior border of the greater trochanter of the femur

Question 6

How does the piriformis muscle reach the greater trochanter of the femur?

Answer 6

it passes laterally through thee greater sciatic foramen

Question 7

what are the actions of the piriformis muscle?

Answer 7

• laterally rotates thigh at hip bone

- transversely abducts thigh at hip bone

Question 8

what type of muscle is piriformis?

Answer 8

convergent skeletal muscle

Question 9

describe the appearance of the piriformis muscle

Answer 9

• thick

- pear-shaped

Question 10

what is the origin of the obturator internus muscle?

Answer 10

obturator membrane

Question 11

what are the insertion of the obturator internus muscle?

Answer 11

medial aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur

Question 12

describe the path the obturator internus muscle takes to reach the greater trochanter of the fumur

Answer 12

• passes through the lesser sciatic foramen

- it makes a 90 degree turn around the ischium/ischial tuberosity

Question 13

what are the actions of the obturator internus muscle?

Answer 13

• laterally rotates thigh at hip bone

- transversely abducts thigh at hip bone

Question 14

what type of muscle is the obturator internus msucle?

Answer 14

multipennate skeletal muscle

Question 15

describe the appearance of the obturator internus muscle

Answer 15

broad

Question 16

what is the tendinous arch?

Answer 16

• condensation of fascia that lines the pelvic floor

Question 17

describe location of tendinous arch

Answer 17

goes from the body of the pubic to the ischial spine

Question 18

what separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum?

Answer 18

the pelvic diaphragm

Question 19

what lies in the midline anteriorly of the levator ani muscles?

Answer 19

a triangular gap known as the urogenital hiatus

Question 20

what 3 things does the urogenital hiatus transmit in females?

Answer 20

• urethra
• rectum
• vagina

Question 21

what lies in the levator ani muscle posteriorly?

Answer 21

anal hiatus pierced by anal canal

Question 22

what is the origin of the iliococcygeus muscle?

Answer 22

• ischial spine

- tendinous arch

Question 23

what are the insertions of the iliococcygeus muscle?

Answer 23

• coccyx
• midline raphe
  iliococcygeal raphe
  anococcygeal raphe

Question 24

what are the actions of the levator ani muscles?

Answer 24

• provides structural support to the pelvic viscera and structures
• faecal continence

Question 25

what type of muscle is the levator ani muscle?

Answer 25

flat skeletal muscle

Question 26

describe the appearance of the levator ani muscle

Answer 26

broad

Question 27

what are the origins of the pubococcygeus muscle?

Answer 27

- posterior region of the pubis | - anterior region of tendinous arch

Question 28

what are the insertions of the pubococcygeus muscle?

Answer 28

- coccyx | - anterolateral parts of the sacrum

Question 29

what are the actions of the pubococcygeus muscle?

Answer 29

- provides structural support to the pelvic viscera and structures - faecal continence

Question 30

what type of muscle is the pubococcygeus?

Answer 30

flat skeletal muscle

Question 31

describe the appearance of the pubococcygeus muscle

Answer 31

broad

Question 32

what is the origin of the puborectalis muscle?

Answer 32

posterior region of the pubis

Question 33

what is the insertion of the puborectalis muscle?

Answer 33

midline raphe

Question 34

what are the three main functions of the levator ani muscles?

Answer 34

- Support of abdominopelvic viscera - Resistance to increases in intra-pelvic/abdominal pressure during activities such as coughing or lifting heavy objects. - Urinary and faecal continence

Question 35

what are the actions of the puborectalis muscle?

Answer 35

- urinary and faecal continence | - support

Question 36

what is the levator ani innervated by?

Answer 36

- primarily by the nerve to levator ani s3-s4 | - some areas also supplied by pudendal nerve s2-s4

Question 37

what is the arterial supply of the levator ani muscles?

Answer 37

- internal pudendal artery - inferior gluteal artery - inferior vesicle artery

Question 38

what type of muscle is puborectalis?

Answer 38

thick narrow skeletal muscle