Muscles of the spine and thorax

Question 1

erector spinae group

Answer 1

O: thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, spinous processes of the lumbar and last two thoracic vertebrae
I: various attachments at the posterior ribs, spinous and transverse processes fo thoracic and cervical vertebrae, mastoid process
Unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral columm to the same side
Bilaterally: extend the vertebral column

Question 2

multifidi

Answer 2

O: sacrum and transverse processes of lumbar trough cervical vertebrae
I: spinous processes lumbar through second cervical vertebra
F: Unilaterally: rotate the vertebral colomn to the opposide side
Bilaerally: extend the vertebral column

Question 3

semispinalis capitis

Answer 3

O: transverse processes of C4 to T5
I: between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occiput
F: extend the vertebral column and head

Question 4

splenius capitis

Answer 4

O:capitis: inferior one-half of ligamentum nuchea and spinous processes of C7 - to T4
I: mastoid process and lateral portion of superior nuchal line
F:
unilaterally
rotate thead/neck to the same side
laterally flex the head and neck to the same mside

bilaterally:
extend the head and neck

Question 5

splenius cervicis

Answer 5

O: spinous processses of T3 to T6
I: transervse processes of C1- to C3
F:
unilaterally
rotate thead/neck to the same side
laterally flex the head and neck to the same mside

bilaterally:
extend the head and neck

Question 6

Quadratus lumborum

Answer 6

O: posterior iliac crest
I: last rib and transverse processes of first through fourth lumbar vertebrae
F:
Unilaterally
laterally tilt (elevate) the pelvis
laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side

Bilaterally
Fix the last rib during forced inahlation and ehalation
assist to extend the vertebral column

Question 7

Diaphragm

Answer 7

O: costal attachment: inner surface of lower six rbis
lumbar attachment: upper two or three lumbar vertebrae
stnernal attachment : inner part of xiphoid process
I: central tendon
F: draw down the central tendon of the diaphragm
increase the volume of the thoracic cavity during inhalation

Question 8

Intercostals

Answer 8

O: inferior border of the rib above
I: superior border of the rib below
F: External intercostals: draw the ribs superiorly (increasing the space of the thoracic cavity) to assist with inhalation
Internal intercostals: draw the ribs inferiorly (decreasing the space of the thoracic cavity) tot assist with exhalation

Question 9

Serratus posterior superior

Answer 9

O: spinous porcesses of C7 to T3
I: posterior surface of costea 2 till 5
F: elevate the ribs during inhalation

Question 10

Serratus posterior inferior

Answer 10

O: spinous processes of T12 to L3
I: posterior surface of costea 9 till 12
F: depress the ribs during exhalation