Muscles of the Trunk Flashcards
(95 cards)
1
Q
- Which subgroup of the transversospinalis is deepest?
A
rotatores
2
Q
- If the right-sided rotatores are eccentrically contracteding what type of rotation of the spine is occuring?
A
Right rotation
3
Q
- Which subgroup of the erector spinae is the most medial?
A
Spinalis
4
Q
- Which subgroup of the erector spinae goes from the pelvis to the ribs?
A
Iliocostalis
5
Q
- Which subgroup of the transversospinalis is most superficial?
A
Semispinalis
6
Q
- What is happening to the length of the left quadratus lumborum when the spine is laterally flexing to the left?
A
It is shortening
7
Q
- What muscle is superficial to the rhomboids?
A
Trapezius
8
Q
- As a rule transversospinalis musculature attaches from where to where?
A
Transverse processes
9
Q
- Which muscle attaches farther posteriorly the external or internal abdominal oblique?
A
Internal abdominal
10
Q
- How are the serratus posterior superior and scalenes synergistic with each other?
A
They both elevate upper ribs (#1-#2) at the costospinal and sternocostal joints
11
Q
- What muscle is immediately deep to the internal abdominal oblique?
A
Transverse abdominis
12
Q
- What happens to the length of the transversus abdominis as a person breathes in and their belly rises?
A
It lengthens
13
Q
- When the diaphragm concentrically conttracts what happens to its dome (central tendon)?
A
It drops
14
Q
- In what region is the multifidus of the transversospinalis group the largest?
A
The low back
15
Q
- What muscle is deep to the rhomboids and has the same direction of fibers?
A
Serratus posterior superior
16
Q
- What muscle attaches from the pelvis to the lumbar spine and twelfth rib and is deep to the erector spinae group?
A
Quadratus lumborum
17
Q
- What is the name of the connection tissue that envelops the rectus abdominis?
A
Rectus sheath (abdominal aponeurosis)
18
Q
- In the thoracic region the transversospinalis musculature is deep to which muscle of the erector spinae group?
A
Spinalis
19
Q
- Name a synergist to the pectoralis minor’s action of protraction of the scapula at the scapulocostal joint?
A
Serratus anterior pectoralis major
20
Q
- What happens to the length of the pectoralis minor if the arm laterally rotates at the shoulder joint?
A
It lengthens
21
Q
- What muscle is immediately superficial to the transversus abdominis?
A
Internal abdominal oblique
22
Q
- What muscle group is immediately superficial to the quadratus lumborum?
A
Erector spine group
23
Q
- If the subclavius is tight what condition might be caused?
A
Costoclavicular syndrome a type of thoracic oulet syndrome
24
Q
- Which subgroup of the transversospinalis is best suited for rotation of the spine and why?
A
Rotatores because they are oriented most horizontally
25
25. What is the superior attachment of the rotatores?
Lamina of the vertebrae (spinous process of the vertebrae)
26
26. From a posterior perspective which is deeper, the intercostals or the subcostales?
Subcostales
27
27. What muscle is immediately deep to the external intercostals?
Internal intercostals
28
28. How are the rhomboids synergystic with the middle trapezius?
They both retract (adduct) the scapula at the scapulocostal joint
29
29. What muscle is immediately superficial to the semispinalis in the suboccipital region?
Upper trapezious
30
30. If the serratus posterior inferior is eccentrically contracting, what joint motion is occuring?
Elevation of ribs #9-12 at the costospinal and sternocostal joints
31
31. What spinal rotation is created by the transversospinalis musculature on the right side of the body?
Left rotation
32
32. In what region is the semispinalis of the transversospinalis group the largest?
The neck
33
33. If the trunk is passively flexing at the spinal joints what is happening to the length of the erector spinae group?
It is lengthening
34
34. What muscle group is deep to the rhomboids and has a vertical direction to its fibers?
Erector spine group
35
35. What is the superior attachment of the diaphragm?
Its central tendon/dome
36
36. Which head of the pectoralis major is better suited to create flexion of the arm at the shoulder joint?
Clavicular head
37
37. Are the right and left side intertransversarii synergistic with or antagonistic to each other?
Antagonistic they laterally flex the spine to opposite sides
38
38. What muscle has the same humeral actions as the latissimus dorsi?
Teres major
39
39. Where they overlap which is deeper the erector spinae group or the transversospinalis group?
Transversospinalis group
40
40. What muscle is known as the corset group?
Transversus abdominis
41
41. What muscle is immediately deep to the distal attachment of the pectoralis major?
Biceps brachii (long head proximal attachment)
42
42. If a person's trunk is actively rotated to the right what happens to the length of the transversospinalis musculature on the right?
It lengthens
43
43. The direction of fibers of the internal intersostals is similar to what muscle?
Internal abdominal oblique on that side of the body
44
44. What region of the spine is mostly missing interspinales?
Thoracic
45
45. What is the action upon the spine if both quadratus lumborum muscles contract together?
Extension
46
46. What muscle is immediately superficial to the internal intercostals?
External intercostals
47
47. Why are the levatores costarum and subcostales antogonistic to each other?
The levatores costrum elevate ribs the subcostales depress ribs
48
48. What subgroup of the transversospinalis is immediately superficial to the rotatores?
Multifidus
49
49. What muscle makes up the vast majority of the anterior axillary fold of the tissue?
Pectoralis Major
50
50. What muscles sit the deepest in the laminar groove of the spine?
Rotatores
51
51. What are the heads of the pectoralis major?
Clavicular and sternocostal heads
52
52. With regard to flexion of the trunk at the spinal joints what two abdominal wall muscles are synergistic with the rectus abdominis?
External and internal abdominal obliques
53
53. What joint action is occring when the right sided intertransversarii are eccentrically contracted?
Left lateral flexion of the neck and trunk at the spinal joints
54
54. Name two actions of the serratus anterior that are synergistic with actions of the pectoralis minor?
Protraction and depression of the scapula at the scapulocostal joint
55
55. What muscle is immediately superficial to the pectoralis minor?
Pectoralis Major
56
56. True or false: the diaphragm is under both conscious and unconscious control?
TRUE
57
57. What is the direction of fibers of the external abdominal oblique on the same side?
opposite i.e. perpendicular
58
58. What two muscles make up the vast majority of the posterior axillary fold of tissue?
Latissimus Dorsi and teres major
59
59. What structures can the pectoralis minor compress against the ribcage?
Brachial plexus of nerves subclavian artery and vein
60
60. What joint action is occuring when the interspinales are lengthening?
Flexion of the neck and trunk at the spinal joints
61
61. If the pelvis is anteriorly tilting at the lubosacral joint what is happening to the length of the erector spinae group?
It is shortening
62
62. What two muscles pierce the diaphragm posteriorly?
Psoas major and quadratus lumborum
63
63. What muscle attaches to the underside of the clavicle?
subclavius
64
64. Would left flexion of the trunk at the spinal joints lengthen or shorten the right sided levatores costarum?
lengthen
65
65. Which subgoup of the erector spinae goes from spinous processes to spinous processes?
spinalis
66
66. The serratus anterior interdigitates (Blends) with what muscle anteriorly?
External abdominal oblique
67
67. What muscle group is immediately superficial to the levatores costrum?
Erector spine group
68
68. The upper fibers on the ribcage of the serratus anterior are deep to what two muscles?
Pectoralis Major and minor
69
69. If the superior rib attachment of an external intercostal muscle is fixed, what action will occur?
The lower rib will elevate at the sternocostal and costospinal joints
70
70. What muscles are often caled the coat pocket muscles?
External abdominal obliques
71
71. What is happening to the length o fthe left quadratus lumborum when the pelvis is posteriorly tilted at the lumbosacral joint?
It is lengthening
72
72. What abdominal wall muscles attach into the thoracolumbar fascia?
Internal abdominal obliques
73
73. What happens to the length of the rhomboids as the scapula protracts (abducts) at the scapulocostal joint?
They lengthen
74
74. What muscles are known as the "Christmas Tree" muscles?
The rhomboids
75
75. What muscle is located deep (posterior) to the anterior ribcage and is analogous to the transversus abdominis?
Traversus thoracis
76
76. If the inferior rib attachment of an external intercostal muscle is fixed what action will occur?
The upper rib will depress at the sternocostal and costospinal joints
77
77. What two muscles can upwardly rotate the scapula at the scapulocostal joint?
Serratus anterior and trapezius (upper and lower fibers)
78
78. How are the serratus posterior inferior and quadratus lumborum synergistic with each other?
They both depress the 12th rib at the costospinal and sternocostal joints
79
79. Where the latissimus dorsi and trapezius overlap which muscle is superficial?
Trapezius
80
80. What happens to the length of the rectus abdominis as the pelvis anteriorly tilts at the lumbosacral joint?
It lengthens
81
81. The serratus posterior inferior is immediately deep to what muscle?
Latissimuss dorsi
82
82. If the right-sided rotatores are concentrically contracting what type of rotation of the spine is occuring?
Left rotation
83
83. Where are intercostal muscles not deep to external intercostals?
Between costal cartilages
84
84. If the pectoralis minor is eccentrically contracting is the scapula protracting or retracting at the scapulocostal joint?
Retracting
85
85. Which subgroup of the erector spinae is the most lateral?
Iliocostalis
86
86. What is the only subgroup of the transversospinalis that attaches to the pelvis?
Multifidus
87
87. The direction of fibers of the external intercostals is similar to what muscle?
External abdominal oblique on that side of the body
88
88. How is the right external abdominal oblique synergistic with and also antagonistic to the right internal abdominal oblique?
They are synergistic because they both do flexion and right lateral flexion of the trunk at the spinal joints they are antagonistic because the right external abdominal oblique does left rotation because the right external abdominal oblique does left rotation and the right internal oblique does right rotation of the trunk
89
89. Which subgroup of the erector spinae is the longest?
Longissimus
90
90. What happens to the length of the left rectus abdominis as the trunk is passively left laterally flexed at the spinal joints?
It shortens
91
91. If the latissimus dorsi eccentrically contracts as the pelvis moves how is the pelvis moving?
Posterior tilt and or depression of the pelvis at the lumbosacral joint
92
92. What three muscles are located lateral to the rectus abdominis?
External and internal abdominal obliques and the transversus abdominis
93
93. If the arm medially rotates at the shoulder joint what happens to the length of the latissimus dorsi?
It shortens
94
94. What happens to the length of the right-sided rotatores if the spine is rotated to the right?
They lengthen
95
95. Name a muscle that is antagonistic to the elevation of the twelfth rib action of the internal intercostals.
Quadratus lumborum
