Muscles of the Upper Extremity Flashcards
(31 cards)
Transverse Carpal Ligament (Flexor Retinaculum)
Insertion: (Radial Side) - Tubercle of scaphoid and the crest of the trapezium; (Ulnar Side) - Pisiform and Hook of the Hamate
Brachioradialis
Origin: Lateral Supracondylar Ridge of Humerus Insertion: Styloid of the radius Function: Flexes forearm at the elbow Nerve: Radial Nerve (C5-C6) Orientation:
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Origin: Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus Insertion: Base of the 3rd metacarpal Action: Extends and radially deviates hand at wrist Nerve: Radial Nerve (C6-C7) Orientation:
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Origin: Distal Lateral Supracondylar ridge of the Humerus
Insertion: Base of the 2nd metacarpal
Action: Extends and radially deviates hand at wrist
Nerve: Radial Nerve (C6-C7)
Orientation:
Common Extensor Tendon
Origin: Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus
Insertion: Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis, Extensor Digiti Minimi, Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Supinator
Origin: Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus
Insertion: Anterior Surface of Proximal Radius
Action: Supinates the forearm
Nerve: Radial Nerve
Anconeus
Origin: Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus
Insertion: Posterior Olecranon of Ulna
Action: Extends forearm at the elbow
Nerve: Radial Nerve (C7-C8)
Biceps Brachii
Origin: (Long Head): Supraglenoid Tubercle of Scapula; (Short Head): Coracoid Process of Scapula
Insertion: Radial Tuberosity and Bicipital Aponeurosis of the forearm
Action: Flexes and supinates forearm at the elbow
Nerve: Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5,C6)
Orientation: Fusiform
Pronator Teres
Origin: (Humeral Head): Medial Epicondyle of Humerus and Supracondylar Ridge (Ulnar Head): Medial Side of Coronoid Process
Insertion: Middle Lateral Surface of Radius
Action: Pronates and flexes forearm at the elbow
Nerve: Median Nerve (C6-C7)
Common Flexor Tendon
Origin: Medial Epicondyle of Humerus
Insertion: Pronator Teres, Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris Longus, Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin: Medial Epicondyle of Humerus
Insertion: Pisiform, Hook of Hamate, Base of 5th Metacarpal
Action: Flexes and ulnar deviates hand at wrist
Nerve: Ulnar Nerve (C8-T1)
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Origin: Posterior surface of radius and ulna; interosseous membrane
Insertion: Base of First metacarpal and trapezium
Action: Abducts and extends thumb
Nerve: Radial Nerve (Posterior interosseous nerve)
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Origin: Dorsal shaft of radius and ulna; interossesous membrane
Insertion: Base of proximal (brevis) and distal (longus) phalanx
Action: Extends thumb
Nerve: Radial Nerve (Posterior interosseous nerve)
Triceps (Long Head)
Origin: Infraglenoid Tubercle of Scapula
Insertion: Posterior Olecranon of Ulnar
Action: Extends the forearm at the elbow
Nerve: Radial Nerve (C7-C8)
Triceps (Medial Head)
Origin: Inferior 2/3 of posterior Humerus
Insertion: Posterior Olecranon Process of Ulna
Action: Extends the forearm at the elbow
Nerve: Radial nerve (C7-C8)
Triceps (Lateral Head)
Origin: Proximal portion of posterior humerus, superior to radial groove
Insertion: Posterior olecranon process of ulna
Action: Extends the forearm at the elbow
Nerve: Radial Nerve (C7-C8)
Deltoid (Anterior, Middle Heads)
Origin: Anterior (clavicular) head: anterior surface of the lateral clavicle.
Middle (acromial) head: acromion process and spine of the scapula.
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.
Action:
Anterior Head: Flexes the arm at the (glenohumeral) shoulder joint. Medially rotates the arm at the (glenohumeral) shoulder joint.
Middle Head: Abducts the arm at the (glenohumeral) shoulder joint.
Nerve: Axillary Nerve (C5-C6)
Orientation: Multipennate
Deltoid (posterior head)
Origin: Spine of scapula. Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of Humerus Action: Laterally rotates the arm at the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint. Extends the arm at the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint. Nerve: Axillary Nerve (C5-C6) Orientation: Multipennate
Pectoralis Major
Origin: Sternal end of clavicle; sternum; cartilage of ribs (1-6) and aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
Insertion: Fibers converge to insert by a short tendon into greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Prime mover of arm flexion; rotates arm medially; addicts arm
Nerve: Lateral and medial pectoral nerves (C5-C8 and T1)
Orientation: Convergent
Pectoralis Minor
Origin: Anterior surfaces of the sternal ends of the ribs
Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula
Action: Draws scapula forward and downward (It also elevates ribs if origin and insertion are reversed)
Nerve: Medial Pectoral nerve (C8-T1)
Orientation: Convergent
Trapezius
Origin: Medial superior nuchal line and external protuberance of occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous process of C7-T12
Insertion: Lateral clavicle, acromion of scapula, spine of scapula
Action:
Upper Fibers - elevate and upwardly rotate scapula; extend neck
Middle Fibers - adduct (retract) scapula
Lower Fibers - depress and help upper fibers upwardly rotate scapula
Nerve: Accessory Cranial nerve (XI) (C3-C4)
Orientation:
Levator Scapulae
Origin: Transverse processes of C1-C4
Insertion: Medial border of the scapula; superior to the spine
Action: Elevates and adducts scapula
Nerve: Cervical Spinal nerves and dorsal scapular nerves (C3-C5)
Orientation:
Supraspinatus
Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Superior aspect of greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Helps the deltoid muscle initate abduction of the arm at the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint. Helps stabilize the shoulder by drawing the humerus toward the glenoid fossa
Nerve: Suprascapular Nerve (C5-C6)
Orientation:
Teres Major
Origin: Lower lateral border and inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: Medial lip of intertubercular (bicipital) groove of the anterior humerus
Action: Adducts the arm at the shoulder joint. Medially rotates the arm at the shoulder joint. Extends the arm at the shoulder joint
Nerve: Lower Subscapular Nerve (C5-C7)
Orientation:
