muscles of upper limb Flashcards
(40 cards)
What muscles are included in the anterior compartment that move and stabilise the shoulder?
Subclavius, Pectoralis minor, Serratus anterior
These muscles insert into the pectoral girdle.
What is the function of the Subclavius muscle?
Helps to stabilise the pectoral girdle
It is located underneath the clavicle.
What action does the Pectoralis minor perform?
Abducts the scapula
It runs from the ribs to the coracoid process of the scapula.
What is the primary role of the Serratus anterior muscle?
Prime mover of scapula protraction
It holds the scapula against the chest wall.
What muscles are found in the posterior compartment that move and stabilise the shoulder?
Trapezius, Rhomboids major and minor, Levator scapulae
These muscles are superficial and help in shoulder movements.
What is the function of the Trapezius muscle?
Adducts, elevates, and depresses the scapula
It has middle, superior, and inferior fibres that perform different actions.
How do the Rhomboids major and minor muscles assist in scapula movement?
Adduct the scapula
They act in synergy with middle trapezius fibres.
What is the role of the Levator scapulae muscle?
Elevates the scapula
It works with the superior fibres of trapezius.
What is the ball and socket shoulder joint known for?
Most flexible joint in the body
This flexibility also makes it prone to instability.
What are the four muscles known as the rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis
They reinforce the shoulder joint and prevent dislocation.
What is the prime mover for shoulder flexion?
Pectoralis major
It also adducts and medially rotates the humerus.
What is the function of Coracobrachialis in shoulder movement?
Flexes and adducts the shoulder joint
It is a synergist of pectoralis major.
Which muscle is the prime mover for shoulder extension?
Latissimus dorsi
It also adducts and medially rotates the humerus.
What is the role of Teres major in shoulder movement?
Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus
It acts as a synergist to Latissimus dorsi.
Which muscle initiates the first 10° of shoulder abduction?
Supraspinatus
After the first 10°, the deltoid becomes the prime mover.
What is the primary role of the Deltoid muscle?
Prime mover for shoulder abduction
It also has anterior, lateral, and posterior fibres.
What muscles are responsible for shoulder adduction?
Pectoralis major, Latissimus dorsi, Teres major
These muscles pull the arm back toward the midline.
What is the prime mover of elbow flexion?
Biceps brachii
It also supinates the forearm.
What is the role of Brachialis in elbow movement?
Pure elbow flexor, the most powerful of elbow flexors
It acts only over the elbow joint.
Which muscle serves as the synergist to Biceps brachii in elbow flexion?
Brachialis
It lifts the ulna instead of the radius.
What is the prime mover for elbow extension?
Triceps brachii
It is the only muscle in the posterior compartment of the upper arm.
What condition is commonly associated with overuse of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Tennis elbow
It results from repetitive activities and causes pain around the elbow.
What are the primary actions of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the lower arm?
Flex the wrist and the digits
These muscles include the flexor muscle group.
What condition is characterized by chronic pain in the elbow due to overuse of the extensor muscles?
Tennis elbow
Anatomically referred to as lateral epicondylalgia.
