Muscles - Spine and Thorax

Question 1

Action - Erector Spinae Group

Answer 1

Unilaterally: Laterally flex vertebral column to the same side
Bilaterally: Extend the vertebral column

Question 2

Origin - Erector Spinae Group

Answer 2

Common tendon (thoracolumbar aponeurosis) that attaches to the posterior surface of sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes of the lumbar and last two thoracic vertebrae

Question 3

Insertion - Erector Spinae Group

Answer 3

Various attachments at posterior ribs, spinous and transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae and mastoid process of temporal bone

Question 4

Nerve - Erector Spinae Group

Answer 4

Spinal

Question 5

Branches of the Erector Spinae Group – Spinalis - Origin

Answer 5

Spinous processes of the upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae

Ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7

Question 6

Branches of the Erector Spinae Group – Spinalis - Insertion

Answer 6

Spinous processes of upper thoracic

Spinous processes of cervicals, except C1

Question 7

Branches of the Erector Spinae Group – Longissimus - Origin

Answer 7

Common tendon

Transverse processes of upper five thoracic vertebrae

Question 8

Branches of the Erector Spinae Group – Longissimus - Insertion

Answer 8

Lower nine ribs and transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae
Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
Mastoid process of temporal bone

Question 9

Branches of the Erector Spinae Group – Iliocostalis - Origin

Answer 9

Common tendon

Posterior surface of ribs 1-12

Question 10

Branches of the Erector Spinae Group – Iliocostalis - Insertion

Answer 10

Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae 1-3 and posterior surface of ribs 6-12
Posterior surface of ribs 6-12
Transverse processes of lower cervicals

Question 11

Transversospinalis Group –

Multifidi and Rotadores - Action

Answer 11

Unilaterally: Rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side
Bilaterally: Extend the vertebral column

Question 12

Transversospinalis Group –

Multifidi and Rotatores - Origin

Answer 12

Multifidi: Sacrum and transverse processes of the lumbar through cervical vertebrae

Rotatores: Tranverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae

Question 13

Transversospinalis Group –

Multifidi and Rotatores - Insertion

Answer 13

Spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae through the second cervical vertebra

Question 14

Transversospinalis Group –

Multifidi and Rotatores - Nerve

Answer 14

Spinal

Question 15

Transversospinalis Group –

Semispinalis Capitis - Action

Answer 15

Extend the vertebral column and head

Question 16

Transversospinalis Group –

Semispinalis Capitis - Origin

Answer 16

Transverse processes of C4 to T5

Question 17

Transversospinalis Group –

Semispinalis Capitis - Insertion

Answer 17

Between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occiput

Question 18

Transversospinalis Group –

Semispinalis Capitis - Nerve

Answer 18

Cervical

Question 19

Splenius Capitis and Cervicis - Action

Answer 19

Unilaterally:
Rotate the head and neck to same side
Laterally flex the head and neck

Bilaterally: Extend the head and neck

Question 20

Splenius Capitis and Cervicis - Origin

Answer 20

Capitis: Inferior one-half of ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7 to T4

Cervicis: Spinous processes of T3 to T6

Question 21

Splenius Capitis and Cervicis - Insertion

Answer 21

Capitis: Mastoid process and lateral portion of superior nuchal line

Cervicis: Transverse processes of C1 to C3

Question 22

Splenius Capitis and Cervicis - Nerve

Answer 22

Cervical

Question 23

Suboccipitals - Rectus Capitis Posterior Major, Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor, Oblique Capitis Superior – Action

Answer 23

Rock and tilt head back into extension

Question 24

Suboccipitals - Rectus Capitis Posterior Major and Oblique Capitis Inferior

Answer 24

Rotate head to the same side

Question 25

Suboccipitals - Oblique Capitis Superior

Answer 25

Laterally flex the head to the same side

Question 26

Quadratus Lumborum - Action

Answer 26

Unilaterally: Laterally tilt (elevate) the pelvis Laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side Bilaterally: Fix the last rib during forced inhalation and exhalation

Question 27

Quadratus Lumborum - Origin

Answer 27

Posterior iliac crest

Question 28

Quadratus Lumborum - Insertion

Answer 28

Last rib and tranverse processes of first through fourth lumbar vertebrae

Question 29

Quadratus Lumborum - Nerve

Answer 29

Lumbar plexus

Question 30

Abdominals -- | Rectus Abdominus - Action

Answer 30

Flex the vertebral column | Tilt pelvis posteriorly

Question 31

Abdominals -- | Rectus Abdominus - Origin

Answer 31

Pubic Crest, pubis symphysis

Question 32

Abdominals -- | Rectus Abdominus - Insertion

Answer 32

Cartilage of 5th, 6th, and 7th ribs and xiphoid process

Question 33

Abdominals -- | Rectus Abdominus - Nerve

Answer 33

T5 - T12, ventral rami

Question 34

Abdominals -- | External Oblique - Action

Answer 34

Unilaterally: Laterally flex vertebral column to the same side Rotate vertebral column to the opposite side Bilaterally: Flex the vertebral column Compress abdominal contents

Question 35

Abdominals -- | External Oblique - Origin

Answer 35

External surface of the 5th through 12th ribs

Question 36

Abdominals -- | External Oblique - Insertion

Answer 36

Anterior part of iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

Question 37

Abdominals -- | External Oblique - Nerve

Answer 37

T5 - T12

Question 38

Abdominals -- | Internal Oblique - Action

Answer 38

``` Unilaterally: Laterally flex vertebral column on the same side Rotate vertebral column to the same side Bilaterally: Flex vertebral column Compress abdominal contents ```

Question 39

Abdominals -- | Internal Oblique - Origin

Answer 39

Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia

Question 40

Abdominals -- | Internal Oblique - Insertion

Answer 40

Internal surface of lower three ribs, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

Question 41

Abdominals -- | Internal Oblique - Nerve

Answer 41

T7 - L1, iliohypogastric and iliolingual, ventral rami

Question 42

Abdominals -- | Transverse Abdominals - Action

Answer 42

Compress abdominal contents

Question 43

Abdominals -- | Transverse Abdominals - Origin

Answer 43

Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia and internal surface of lower 6 ribs

Question 44

Abdominals -- | Transverse Abdominals - Insertion

Answer 44

Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

Question 45

Abdominals -- | Transverse Abdominals - Nerve

Answer 45

T7-L1, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal, ventral divisions

Question 46

Pyramidals - Action

Answer 46

Tenses the linea alba

Question 47

Pyramidals - Origin

Answer 47

Pubic Symphysis

Question 48

Pyramidals - Insertion

Answer 48

Linea alba

Question 49

Pyramidals - Nerve

Answer 49

12th Thoracic nerve