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Anatomy Chp 7 > Muscles Test > Flashcards

Muscles Test Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Contractility

A

Capacity to undergo shortening; as in muscles

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2
Q

Antagonist

A

muscle that has an action opposite that of a given movement or muscle; substance that opposes the action of another substance

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3
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Neurotransmitter; released at synapses within the nervous system and at the neuromuscular junction

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4
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Broad sheet of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone or other muscle

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5
Q

Elasticity

A

Capacity of structure to return to its original shape after being stretched

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6
Q

Fascicle

A

small bundle, as of muscle cells or nerve cell fibers

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7
Q

Origin

A

source; beginning; muscle attachment connected to a nonmoving part

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8
Q

Prime mover

A

the main muscle that produces a given movement

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9
Q

Synergist

A

substance or structure that enhances the work of another. A muscle that works with a prime mover to produce a given movement

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10
Q

Insertion

A

muscle attachment connected to a movable part

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11
Q

Tendon

A

cord of regular dense connective tissue that attaches muscle to a bone

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12
Q

Neuromuscular Junction

A

Point at which a neurons axon contacts a muscle cell

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13
Q

Hypertrophy

A

enlargement or overgrowth of an organ

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14
Q

Myology

A

Study of muscles

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15
Q

What muscle that is located in the wall of hallow organs, vessels, respiratory, and passage ways?

A

Smooth

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16
Q

Muscle that is located in the wall of the heart

A

Cardiac

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17
Q

Muscle that is attached to the bones

A

Skeletal

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18
Q

Types of muscle

A
  • smooth
  • cardiac
  • skeletal
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19
Q

Smooth Muscle (characteristics)

A

Tapered at each end, branching networks, nonstriated

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20
Q

Cardiac Muscle (characteristics)

A

Branching networks: special membranes (intercalated disks) between cells; single nucleus; lightly striated

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21
Q

Skeletal muscles (characteristics)

A

Long and cylindrical; multinucleated; heavily striated

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22
Q

Control of Cardiac muscle

A

Involuntary

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23
Q

Control of Skeletal muscle

A

Voluntary

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24
Q

Control of Smooth muscle

A

Involuntary

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25
Action of Smooth muscle
- Produces peristalsis - contracts and relaxes slowly - may sustain contraction
26
Action of Cardiac muscle
-Pumps blood out of the heart; self-excitatory but influenced by nervous system and hormones
27
Action of Skeletal Muscle
Produces movement at joints; stimulated by nervous system; contracts and relaxes rapidly
28
3 Primary Functions of the Skeletal Muscles
-Movement of skeleton -Maintenance of posture -Generation of heat (blood circulation)
29
Orbicularis Oculi
Location: Encircles eye Function: Closes eye
30
Orbicularis Oris
Location: encircles mouth Function: Closes lips
31
Buccinator
Location: Fleshy part of the cheek Function: Flattens cheek; helps in eating, whistling, and blowing wind instruments
32
Zygomaticus minor and major
Location: Cheel bone to mouth corners Function: raises mouth corners upward and laterally (smile)
33
Temporalis
Location: above and near ear Function: closes jaw
34
Masseter
Location: at angle of jaw Function: closes jaw
35
Sternocleidomastoid
Location; along lateral neck, to mastoid process | Function: Flexes head; rotates head toward opposite side from muscle
36
Trapezius
Location: Posterior neck and upper back to clavicle and scapula Function: Raises shoulder and pulls it back; superior portion extends and turns head
37
Latissimus Dorsi
Location:middle and lower back; to humerus Function: Extends and adducts arm (prime mover)
38
Pectoralis Major
Location: Superior, anterior to the chest, to humerus Function: Flexes and adducts arm; medially rotates arm across chest; pulls shoulder forward and downward
39
Serratus Anterior
Location: Inferior to axilla on lateral chest, to scapula Function: Moves shoulder forward; synergist in arm flexion and abduction
40
Deltoid
Location: Covers shoulder joint, to lateral humerus Function: Abducts arm; synergist in arm flexion, rotation, and extension
41
Biceps Brachii
Location: Anterior arm along humerus, to radius Function: Supinates the forearm and hand; synergist in forearm flexion
42
Brachioradialis
Lateral forearm from distal end of humerus to distal end of radius Function: Synergist in forearm flexion
43
Triceps Brachii
Location: Posterior arm, to ulna Function: Extends forearm to straighten upper extremity
44
Flexors
In the anterior forearm; acts on the hand (carpi muscles) and fingers (digitorum muscle)
45
Extensors
In the posterior forearm; acts on the hand (carpi muscles) and fingers (digitorum muscle)
46
Diaphragm
Location: Dome-shaped partition between the thoracic and abdominal cavities Function: Dome descends to enlarge thoracic cavity from top to bottom during ventilation
47
Intercostals
Location: Between ribs Function: Alter thoracic cavity volume during ventilation
48
``` Muscles of the abdominal wall: External Oblique Internal Oblique Transversus abdominis Rectus Abdominis ```
Location: Anterolateral abdominal wall Function: Compress abdominal cavity and expel substances from body; flex spinal column
49
Gluteus Maximus
Location: Superficial buttock, to femur Function: Extends thigh
50
Gluteus Medius
Location: Deep buttock, to femur Function: Abducts thigh
51
Sartorius
Location: Crosses anterior thigh; from ilium to medial tibia Function: flexes leg and thigh( to sit corss-legged)
52
``` Quadriceps Femoris: Rectus Femoris Vastus Medialis Vastus Lateralis Vastus intermedius(deep; not shown) ```
Location: Anterior thigh, to tibia Function: Extends leg
53
Iliopsoas
Location: crosses anterior hip joint, to femur Function: Flexes thigh when trunk is immobilized; flexes trunk when thighs are immobilized
54
Adductor group (adductor longus, adductor magnus)
Location: Medial thigh, to femur Function: adducts thigh
55
Hamstring group: Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus
Location: Posterior thigh; ischium and femur to tibia and fibula Function: flexes leg at knee; extends and rotates thigh at hip
56
Gastrocnemius
Location: posterior leg, to calcaneus, inserting by the achilles tendon Function: Plantar flexes foot (as in tip toeing)
57
Tibialis Anterior
Location: anterior and lateral leg, to foot Function: Dorisflexes foot at ankle (as in walking on heels);inverts foot (sole inward)
58
Fibularis (peroneus) longus
Location: lateral leg, to foot Function: Everts foot ( sole outward)
59
Soleus
Location: posterior leg deep to gastrocnemius Function: Plantar flexes foot
60
Achilles tendon
- The gastrocnemius ends near the heel in the prominet cord, the achilles tendon - attaches to calcaneus (heel bone) - largest tendon in the body
61
Epicranial aponeurosis
located on top of the head
62
Frontalis
Located on forehead
63
Platysma
Forms a frown. located at neck
64
Tone
Muscle tone refers to a muscles partially contracted state that is normal even when the muscle is not in use . The maintenance of this tone is tonus
65
Extensibility
The ability of a muscle to be stretched
66
Irritability
the normal response of a muscle to a stimulus
67
Oxygen Debt
The bodys oxygen deficiency resulting from strenuous physical activity
68
Atony
muscle losses its strength and tone
69
atrophy
decrease in size or wasting away
70
ATP
All muscle contraction requires energy in the form of ATP
71
Three compounds stored in muscle tissue that are used to generate energy in highly active muscle cells
- Myoglobin-stores oxygen - Glycogen-storage form of glucose - Fatty acids are stored as triglycerides formed into fat droplets

Anatomy Chp 7 (1 decks)

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