Muscular

Question 1

What happens during rigor mortis

Answer 1

lack of oxygen–cease in energy production–cannot pump Calcium out—rigor—eventually the muscle proteins decompose

Question 2

What is a congenital anomaly of cattle?

Answer 2

Muscular hyperplasia

Question 3

What causes horses to have recurrent rhabdomyolysis, symmetric muscle atrophy, weakness. Their muscles will be pale pink to diffusely red. Myoglobinuric nephrosis.

Answer 3

Equine Polysaccharid Storage Myopathy

Question 4

What gene is mutated in HYPP

Answer 4

Na/K channel gene

Question 5

You have a horse that comes in with laryngospasm, trembling, collapse, metabolic acidosis

Answer 5

HYPP

Question 6

What is a progressive, degenerative dz that causes muscle weakness, stiff gate and exercise intolerance in dogs?

Answer 6

Muscular dystophy

Question 7

Monofocal necrosis is?

Answer 7

Confined to one site

single incident of trauma

Question 8

Multifocal necrosis?

Answer 8

Systemic disease

necrosis at multiple sites

Question 9

Monophasic lesion are?

Answer 9

Only one insult

ex: exertional myopathy

all lesions would be at the same stage of necrosis or regeneration

Question 10

Multiphasic lesions?

Answer 10

Ongoing insults

ex: Vit E/sel def, continous feeding of a toxin,

new lesions forming simultaneously with regeneration

Question 11

What does degenerating muscle look like grossly and microscopically?

Answer 11

White chalky foci (streaks), Red

Vacuoles and loss of striations. HYPEREOSINOPHILIA, glassy or hyaline appearance

Question 12

Success of regeneration depends on the integrity of what?

Answer 12

Sarcolemma

Question 13

What are the syndromes from Nutritional myopathies

Answer 13

White muscle dz-calves

Stiff lamb dz

Porcine Vit E/Se

Pansteatitis in cats

brown dog gut

Masticatory myopathy and polymyopathy of foals

Muscle necrosis and steatitis in rabbits

Question 14

What type of fibers are affected in exertional myopathy?

Answer 14

T II

Question 15

What kind of degeneration and necrosis will you get with exertional myopathy

Answer 15

Hyaline degen

Necrosis of skeletal m

Question 16

What can happen to the kidneys during exertional myopathies?

Answer 16

myoglobinuric nephrosis—daarrrkkk black kidneys

Question 17

What are the etiopathogenesis in capture myopathy

Answer 17

Pronounce acidosis

Acute, extreme overexertion, stress ( ++++Catecholamines), predisposition if Se deficient. Spiking epinephrine levels, Se deficiency and overexertion

Question 18

What happens during Ionophore toxicity?

Answer 18

Ionophores facilitate the movement of cations across cell membranes

disruption of ionic equilibrium causing a CALCIUM OVERLOAD and necrosis of sk and cardiac m.

Question 19

Monophasic multifocal segmental necrosis. Myocardial fibrosis, and pale streaks in the muscle

Answer 19

Ionophore tox

Question 20

What causes generalized weakness with ventriflexion of the next in cats?

Answer 20

HypOkalemia

Question 21

What causes profound m weakness, neurological signs, and hemolytic anemia in cows

Answer 21

HypOphosphatemia

Question 22

What is a life threatening hypermetabolic syndrome in pigs?

Answer 22

PSS

hyperactivity and head shock

Inc release of Ca from sarcoplasmic retic following stress factors

Question 23

What is the gene mutation that makes pigs more prone to PSS

Answer 23

Hal gene

Question 24

What are the lesions for PSS

Answer 24

T II fibers are affected

back muscle necrosis, edema

Pale Soft Exudative**

Pulmonary edema, hydrothorax, ascites

Question 25

Deep pectoral myopathy in turkeys is caused by?

Answer 25

Ischemia compartment syndrome

Question 26

What is the mechanism of PSS

Answer 26

Defect in uptake, storage and release of calcium

Question 27

Cow has gas bubbles, extensive hemorrhage or edema, dark brown to black muscles, smell of rancid butter, whats the cause?

Answer 27

Clostridium septicum/perfringens malignant edema

Question 28

You have a ruminant that has a well demarcated green foci of necrosis with eosinophilic infiltration. The green color fades to an off white color when exposed to air

Answer 28

Sarcocystis infection

Question 29

Pathogenesis of MMM

Answer 29

Autoimmunity against type IIc fibers. Ab to myosin isofrom=myositis (PAINFUL)

Question 30

Horse comes in with edema of the head and limbs, petechia, and leukocytosclastic vasculitis, could have wheels as well. also what other condition is this associated with

Answer 30

Purpura hemorrhagica associated with Strangles.

Question 31

Myofibrils w/i affected myocytes become disoriented, myofilaments are detached and frayed at the Z line, most organelles degenerate and disappear. What could cause this? What else is true?

Answer 31

Trichinosis spiralis immunity is acquired in the enteric phase and during circulation of living larvae. They are the only nematode to enter cells as apart of its life cycle. 2 phases, enteric and visceral.

Question 32

What parasite makes small, white or gray cysts with the intermediate stage in the heart, masseter, or tongue

Answer 32

Cysticercus

Question 33

What parasite invades the striated muscle, and grow to form elongated spindle shaped structures. Grossly look like white dots or streaks in affected muscles-generally has no clinical signs

Answer 33

Sarcocystosis

Question 34

What is a benign primary neoplasm that has cross striation and large pedunculated mass in the heart

Answer 34

Rhabdomyoma

Question 35

What spp is rhabdomyosarcoma not reported in?

Answer 35

pigs

Question 36

Which neoplasm arises from sites with no striated muscle such as the kidney, urinary bladder. It occurs in young large breed dogs.

Answer 36

Botryoid rhabdomyosarcomas

Question 37

What condition has a deficiency of acetylcholine receptors?

Answer 37

Myasthenia gravis

Question 38

Can Myasthenia gravis be an autoimmune dz?

Answer 38

Yes, Ab are directed against AChRs of the neuromuscular jx.

Question 39

What are the associated lesions with Myasthenia gravis?

Answer 39

Megaesophagus Dysphagia Secondary aspiration pneumonia Thymoma

Question 40

Which toxin binds irreversibly to the presynaptic nerve terminals, preventing release of acetylcholine

Answer 40

Clostridium botulinum