Muscular Random

Question 1

account for 40 to 50 percent of body mass

Answer 1

Muscles

Question 2

when contracted, they shorten, pull their
ends & produce movement

Answer 2

Muscle

Question 3

specialized for contraction

Answer 3

Muscles

Question 4

Contraction of a muscle brings
about

Answer 4

Movement

Question 5

study of muscle
structure & function

Answer 5

Myology

Question 6

Types of Muscle Tissue

Answer 6

1. Skeletal Muscle
2. Cardiac Muscle
3. Smooth Muscle

Question 7

Functions of the Muscular System

Answer 7

1.) Body Movement
2.) Maintaining Posture
3.) Storing substances within the body
4.) Moving substances within the body
5.) Producing Heat

Question 8

results
from alternating contraction &
relaxation of skeletal muscles

Answer 8

Body movement

Question 9

results from sustained
contraction of some skeletal
muscles to stabilize body
positions.

Answer 9

Maintaining Posture

Question 10

results
from sustained
contraction of ringlike
bands of smooth
muscle called
sphincters

Answer 10

Storing substances within the body

Question 11

results
from contraction &
relaxation of smooth
muscles in the walls of
organs; also result from
contraction of cardiac
muscle to pump blood

Answer 11

Moving substances within body

Question 12

maintains normal body temp.;
can also result from
involuntary contraction of
skeletal muscles called
shivering

Answer 12

Producing Heat

Question 13

ability to respond to
electrical signals or
nerve impulses that
stimulate muscle cells
to contract

Answer 13

Electrical Excitability

Question 14

ability of muscle cells
to shorten and
generate a strong
pulling force as they
contract

Answer 14

Contractility

Question 15

ability to stretch,
within limits, without
being damaged

Answer 15

Extensibility

Question 16

ability to return to its
original length &
shape after
contraction or
extension

Answer 16

Elasticity

Question 17

Special Properties of
Muscles

Answer 17

1. Electrical Excitability
2. Contractility
3. Extensibility
4. Elasticity

Question 18

Connective Tissue Components

Answer 18

1.)Subcutaneous Tissue
2.)Deep fascia
3.)Epimysium
4.)Perimysium
5.)Endomysium

Question 19

• also called “superficial fascia”
• separates muscle from skin

Answer 19

Subcutaneous Tissue

Question 20

• fibrous connective tissue sheet w/c
holds together individual muscles or
groups of muscles

Answer 20

Deep fascia

Question 21

• wraps an individual muscle

Answer 21

Epimysium

Question 22

• surrounds bundles of muscle fibers
called fascicles

Answer 22

Perimysium

Question 23

• wraps each individual muscle fiber

Answer 23

Endomysium

Question 24

• continuous w/ epimysium, perimysium &
endomysium
• rope-like structure made of fibrous
regular connective tissue
• merges w/ deep fascia & anchors
skeletal muscles to the periosteum of
bones

Answer 24

Tendon

Question 25

• plural: aponeuroses • a flat tendon

Answer 25

Aponeurosis

Question 26

• abundant in each muscle • capillaries carry blood to muscle cells & supply them w/ O2 & nutrients • also remove heat & waste products of muscle metabolism

Answer 26

Blood vessels

Question 27

• somatic motor neuron: the type of neuron that excites skeletal muscles to contract; carry electrical signals to the muscles from the brain • frontal lobe: area of brain where control center for skeletal muscle movement is located

Answer 27

Nerves

Question 28

• synonymous w/ muscle cells • named as such because they are cylindrical & elongated (each is 10 to 30 cm long) • thousands of them make up a single muscle

Answer 28

Muscle fibers

Question 29

Parts of a Muscle Fiber

Answer 29

1.) Sacrolemma 2.)Transverse tubules 3.) Sarcoplasm 4.)Myoglobin 5.)Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) 6.)Myofibrils 7.)Myofilaments 8.)Sarcomere

Question 30

•Part of a muscle fiber • the cell’s plasma membrane • contains receptor sites for certain substances

Answer 30

Sarcolemma

Question 31

•Part of a muscle fiber • or “T tubules” • tiny inward folds of the sarcolemma w/c tunnel in from the surface toward the interior of each muscle fiber

Answer 31

Transverse Tubules

Question 32

•Part of a muscle fiber • where electrical signals travel through along the sarcolemma

Answer 32

Transverse Tubules

Question 33

•Part of a muscle fiber • ensure that nerve impulses excite all parts of the muscle fiber at essentially the same instant

Answer 33

Transverse Tubules

Question 34

•Part of a muscle fiber • the cell’s cytoplasm • consists of myofibrils, numerous mitochondria, glycogen granules, & other cellular organelles

Answer 34

Sacroplasm

Question 35

•Part of a muscle fiber • releases its bound O2 when it is needed by the mitochondria for ATP production • the reddish pigment of muscle cells • contains iron w/c enables it to bind w/ O2

Answer 35

Myoglobin

Question 36

•Part of a muscle fiber • the smooth ER of muscle cells • stores & releases calcium ions, needed for muscle contraction • surrounds the myofibrils

Answer 36

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

Question 37

•part of a muscle fiber • long, rod-shaped structures that extend from one end of the muscle fiber to the other • make up most of the sarcoplasm • the contractile organelles of skeletal muscle

Answer 37

Myofibrils

Question 38

•Part of a muscle fiber • thin & thick filaments w/c are contractile proteins located within myofibrils • give the muscle fiber its striated appearance • their unique & precise arrangement w/in the muscle fibers gives the muscles their contractility, extensibility & elasticity

Answer 38

Myofilaments

Question 39

•Part of muscle fiber •a compartment formed from the overlapping of myofilaments in specific patterns • the basic unit of contraction in skeletal muscle

Answer 39

Sacromere

Question 40

Parts of a Sarcomere

Answer 40

1. Z lines 2. Thick filaments 3. Thin filaments

Question 41

• part of a sacromere • zigzagging lines w/c are the end boundaries of a sarcomere • separate one sarcomere from the other

Answer 41

Z lines

Question 42

a contractile protein w/c is the main component of thick filaments. shaped like two golf clubs twisted together their heads bind to the actin of thin filaments to contract muscle

Answer 42

myosin (thick filaments)

Question 43

a spring-like protein molecule that resists over- stretching. anchors the thick filaments to the Z lines

Answer 43

titin (thick filaments)

Question 44

• part of a sacromere • are also anchored to the Z lines; made of various proteins

Answer 44

Thin filaments

Question 45

• part of a thin filaments • contractile protein w/c is the main component of thin filaments

Answer 45

actin

Question 46

•part of a thin filament • protein strands w/c cover the myosin-binding sites on actin in a relaxed muscle

Answer 46

tropomyosin

Question 47

•part of a thin filament •hold the tropomyosin strands in place & are together called, troponin- tropomyosin comple •when bound to Ca++ ions, it changes shape & moves tropomyosin away from myosin- binding sites, to contract muscle

Answer 47

troponin

Question 48

Physiology of Contraction & Relaxation of Skeletal Muscle

Answer 48

Sliding Filament Mechanism

Question 49

Types of Contraction

Answer 49

1.) Tonic 2.) Flaccid 3.) Spastic 4.) Isotonic 5.) Isometric 6.) Twitch 7.) Tetanic