Muscular & Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the functions of the skeletal system

Answer 1

1. Support
2. Protection
3. Movement
4. Storage
5. Blood cell production

Question 2

These are longer than wide and facilitate movement of appendages

Answer 2

Long Bones

Question 3

These are approximately as wide as their long; helps the transfer of force between the long bones

Answer 3

Short Bones

Question 4

These are relatively thin, flattened shape; well suited for
providing a strong barrier around soft organs

Answer 4

Flat Bones

Question 5

These are complex in shape; bones that are not fit into the other three categories; provides protection while
allowing bending and flexing of certain body regions
(vertebrae and facial)

Answer 5

Irregular bones

Question 6

These maintain bone matrix; osteoblasts
surrounded matrix

Answer 6

Osteocytes

Question 7

These build bone; formation of the bones and repair
and remodeling of the bone; found in periosteum an
endosteum

Answer 7

Osteoblast

Question 8

These carve bone; present and contribute to bone
repair and remodeling by removing existing bone called
“bone reabsorption

Answer 8

Osteoclast

Question 9

Removal of existing bone by osteoclasts and deposition of new bone by osteoblasts

Answer 9

Bone Remodeling

Question 10

Formerly called a compound fracture; wound extends to the site of the fractures or a
fragment of bone protrudes through the skin

Answer 10

Open fracture

Question 11

Formerly called a simple fracture; skin is not perforated; damaged is only in the inside

Answer 11

Closed fracture

Question 12

Type of bone fracture that does not extend completely in the
bone; sliced

Answer 12

Incomplete fracture

Question 13

Type of bone fracture where the bone broken into two pieces

Answer 13

Complete fracture

Question 14

Superior portion of the axial skeleton; protects the brain and houses the eyes, ears, nose, and
mouth

Answer 14

Skull

Question 15

Comprised anterior 1/3 of cranium; entire forehead; frontal sinus is found

Answer 15

Frontal bone

Question 16

Forms the sides of the cranium; it extends inward forming the floor of cranial canal

Answer 16

Temporal bone

Question 17

Found a little deeper inside the skull;
butterfly shaped appearance; composed of two main parts: greater wing and lesser wing

Answer 17

Sphenoid bone

Question 18

Where two parietal bones meet

Answer 18

sagittal suture

Question 19

Where parietal and frontal bone connects

Answer 19

coronal suture

Question 20

Smallest bones in the body; amplifies sound and change the information from sound to vibration

Answer 20

Auditory Ossicles

Question 21

Possess long, thin spinous processes that are directed
inferiorly; have extra articular facets on their lateral surfaces that articulate with the ribs

Answer 21

Thoracic Vertebrae

Question 22

Have large, thick bodies and heavy, rectangular transverse and spinous processes; low back pain and other medical ailments are more
common in this area

Answer 22

Lumbar Vertebrae

Question 23

Protects vital organs within the thorax and prevents the collapse of the thorax during respiration

Answer 23

Rib Cage

Question 24

Also known as the shoulder blade; connects the upper extremity to the trunk only by the
clavicle

Answer 24

Scapula

Question 25

Large, long bone of the arm

Answer 25

Humerus

Question 26

Muscle that constitutes approximately 40% of body weight; attached to the skeletal system

Answer 26

Skeletal muscle or striated muscle

Question 27

Connective tissue sheath that surrounds each skeletal muscle; also called as muscle fascia

Answer 27

Epimysium

Question 28

Tubelike inward folds of sarcolemma; occur at regular intervals along

Answer 28

Transverse tubules or T tubules

Question 29

Process of muscle contraction where actin myofilaments slide past myosin myofilaments

Answer 29

Sliding filament model

Question 30

Resulting periodic spontaneous contraction of smooth muscle

Answer 30

Autorhythmicity

Question 31

Long, striated, and branching, with usually only one nucleus per cell;

Answer 31

Cardiac muscle

Question 32

Small and spindle-shaped, usually with one nucleus per cell; not striated; have gap junctions

Answer 32

Smooth muscle

Question 33

specialized structure of cardiac muscle; allow action potentials to be conducted directly from cell to cell

Answer 33

intercalated disks

Question 34

Isotonic contraction in which muscle tension increases as muscle shortens

Answer 34

Concentric contraction

Question 35

Tension is maintained on muscle but opposing resistance causes the muscle to lengthen

Answer 35

eccentric contractions

Question 36

enlargement of muscle fibers because exercise increases the blood supply to muscles, the number of mitochondria per muscle fiber, and the number of myofibrils and myofilament

Answer 36

hypertrophy

Question 37

Decrease in muscle fiber size

Answer 37

atrophy

Question 38

Length of muscle does not change, but amount of tension increase

Answer 38

Isometric contraction

Question 39

The amount of tension is constant, but the length of muscle decreases

Answer 39

Isotonic contraction

Question 40

Time during which the muscle relaxes; Ca2+ is actively transported back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 40

Relaxation phase

Question 41

Time during which the muscle contracts; due to cross-bridge movement and cycling

Answer 41

Contraction phase

Question 42

Time between application of stimulus and beginning of contraction; action potentials have not yet arrived at the sarcolemma

Answer 42

Lag phase or latent phase

Question 43

Single contraction of a muscle fiber in response to stimulus

Answer 43

Muscle twitch

Question 44

Refers to the cell-to-cell junction between a nerve cell and either another nerve cell or an effector cell

Answer 44

Synapse

Question 45

Junction with a muscle fiber; located near the center of a muscle fiber

Answer 45

Neuromuscular junction

Question 46

Specialized nerve cells that stimulate muscles to contract; generate action potentials

Answer 46

Motor neurons

Question 47

Separate one sarcomere from the next; network of protein

Answer 47

z disks

Question 48

The ability of muscle to shorten forcefully, or contract

Answer 48

Contractility

Question 49

The capacity of muscle to respond to a stimulus

Answer 49

Excitability

Question 50

The ability of muscle to recoil to its original resting length after it has been stretched

Answer 50

Elasticity