Muscular & skeletal system

Question 1

How many muscles are there in the human body?

Answer 1

640

Question 2

What are the main functions of the muscular system

Answer 2

1. Allows for movement in the body 2. Maintain posture 3. Stabilize joints 4. Generates heat

Question 3

What are muscles made out of?

Answer 3

Muscle tissue, blood vessels, tendons, and nerves

Question 4

What is the term for capability for receiving and responding to stimulation by the nerves in muscles?

Answer 4

Excitable or irritable

Question 5

What is the term for the capability of shortening muscles?

Answer 5

Contractible

Question 6

What is the term for the capability of muscles stretching without damage?

Answer 6

Extensible

Question 7

What is the term for the capability ability to return to a resting shape after being contracted or extended?

Answer 7

Elasticity

Question 8

What is the term for the capability of muscles being able to change size upon how it’s used?

Answer 8

Adaptability

Question 9

Define voluntary muscle movement

Answer 9

Voluntary muscle movement is a conscious action where you choose to move your skeletal muscles.

Question 9

Define involuntary muscle movement

Answer 9

Involuntary muscle movement is muscle contraction occurring without conscious control.

Question 10

What is cardiac muscle?

Answer 10

Muscle that forms the wall of the heart and controls your heartbeat

Question 11

What is smooth muscle?

Answer 11

The weakest of all muscle and found in organs that perform unique functions.

Question 12

What are skeletal muscles?

Answer 12

Muscles that connect the skeleton to move parts of bones closer to each other.

Question 13

Muscles are usually named for the structure ___ where a muscle is found.

Answer 13

Near

Question 14

What are the two words that tell the size of muscles?

Answer 14

Maximus and Medius

Question 15

Rectus muscles run ______ to midline

Answer 15

Parallel

Question 16

Transverse muscle fibers run ____ to midline

Answer 16

perpendicular

Question 17

Oblique muscle fibers run ___ to midline

Answer 17

Diagonal

Question 18

Deltoid muscles have a ___ shape

Answer 18

triangular

Question 19

Trapezes muscles have a ___ shape

Answer 19

Trapezoid

Question 20

Rhomboideus muscles have a ___ shape

Answer 20

diamond

Question 21

Serratus muscles have a ___ shape

Answer 21

saw-toothed

Question 22

What is an origin muscle attached to?

Answer 22

The less or immovable bone

Question 23

What is an insertion muscle attached to?

Answer 23

The movable bone

Question 24

What tissue connects muscle to bone?

Answer 24

Tendons

Question 25

What is the nervous system working with and what is it essential to?

Answer 25

The nervous system works with the muscular and skeletal system and is essential to the voluntary skeletal muscles.

Question 26

What happens when nerves are damaged or severed?

Answer 26

They will not be able to produce muscle movement.

Question 27

Which bone connects the shoulder to the forearm?

Answer 27

Humerus

Question 28

What are the names of the two forearm bones?

Answer 28

Radius and ulna

Question 29

What do ligaments do?

Answer 29

They connect bones to bones

Question 30

When you flex your arm, what muscle contracts?

Answer 30

Bicep

Question 31

When you flex your arm, what muscle relaxes?

Answer 31

Tricep

Question 32

When the arm extends, what muscle contracts?

Answer 32

Tricep

Question 33

What muscle relaxes when the arm extends?

Answer 33

Bicep

Question 34

Why do muscles work in pairs?

Answer 34

Muscles work in pairs because one pulls in one direction, and the other pulls in the opposite direction to allow for back-and-forth movement.

Question 35

What are the bundle of smaller rod-like structures on a muscle fiber?

Answer 35

Myofibrils

Question 36

What are the dark bands on a muscle fiber made of?

Answer 36

Thick filaments

Question 37

What are the lighter bands on a muscle fiber made of?

Answer 37

Thin filaments

Question 38

What is a sarcomere?

Answer 38

A sarcomere is the basic functional unit of striated muscle, responsible for muscle contraction through the sliding of its actin and myosin filaments.

Question 39

What proteins are thick filaments made of?

Answer 39

Mysoin

Question 40

What protein are the thin filaments made of?

Answer 40

Actin

Question 41

What is the relationship between thick and thin filaments in muscle fiber?

Answer 41

Thick filaments (myosin) use their heads to grab onto the thin filaments (actin) and pull them towards the center of the sarcomere, causing the muscle to contract.

Question 42

Describe a powerstroke.

Answer 42

A powerstroke is the movement of the myosin head that pulls the actin filament toward the center of the sarcomere, shortening the muscle.

Question 43

Where does myosin get the energy to perform a powerstroke?

Answer 43

ATP

Question 44

Describe the difference between slow twitch and fast twitch fibers

Answer 44

Slow twitch fibers contract and relax more slowly than fast twitch fibers.

Question 45

Which of the following is best for prolonged exercise: slow twitch or fast twitch muscle?

Answer 45

Slow twitch (ST)

Question 46

What are the colors of slow twitch and fast twitch fibers?

Answer 46

Slow twitch are rich in blood vessels, giving them a dark red color. Fast twitch fivers have fewer blood vessels, giving it a lighter color.

Question 47

Why do the slow and fast twitch fibers act as they do?

Answer 47

Slow twitch fibers use oxygen, and produce little force, but do not tire due to a constant supply of oxygen and fuel. However, fast twitch fibers generate large amounts of force, and do not require outside oxygen, but tire easily due to a limited supply of fuel.

Question 48

What purpose does cartilage serve?

Answer 48

It reduces friction between the bones in a joint.

Question 49

What are two types of skeletons?

Answer 49

Internal and external skeletons.

Question 50

What is the primary function of the skeleton?

Answer 50

To create a solid framework of bones.

Question 51

What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 51

Support and protect, movement, production, storage, and homeostasis

Question 52

[Crayfish Dissection] What structures are used for capturing prey and securing and eating food?

Answer 52

Chelipeds are used for capturing the prey and defend, and the mouth and mandibles eat the food.

Question 53

[Crayfish Dissection] How are the antennae, chelipeds, other walking legs, and swimmerets related?

Answer 53

They are all used to sense the environment and help it move.

Question 54

[Crayfish Dissection] What are the main structures that could have been observed if the exoskeleton of the abdomen were removed? ## Footnote probably wont be that important :)

Answer 54

The intestines, extensor muscle, flexor muscle, ventral nerve cord, and ganglions.

Question 55

[Crayfish Dissection] Is the crayfish most vulnerable to its enemies from the dorsal or ventral side? Why?

Answer 55

It is most vulnerable from the ventral side because the dorsal side is protected by the carapace (exoskeleton)

Question 56

[Crayfish Dissection] The crayfish usually molts, or sheds its exoskeleton, twice a year. Why does the crayfish “hide” after it molts?

Answer 56

It does this so it can rebuild its hard carapace (exoskeleton) for protection.

Question 57

[Crayfish Dissection] Of the systems in the crayfish, which are most like the human system?

Answer 57

Digestive system and nervous system

Question 58

[Crayfish Dissection] Although the crayfish has an inflexible cephalothorax, the crayfish is classified as a segmented animal. Why? ## Footnote probably wont be that important

Answer 58

The body is separated into the head, thorax, and abdominal regions.

Question 59

[Crayfish Dissection] What is the major function of the exoskeleton of a crayfish? How is the exoskeleton of an adaptive advantage to the crayfish?

Answer 59

Protect the internal organs and support the crayfish; also protects from predators