Muscular skeletal system Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are the long bones in the body?
- Femur
- Tibia
- Ulna
- Humerus
What are the short bones in the body?
- Carpals Cunieforms
What are the irregular bones in the body?
- Vertebrae
- Illium
What are the sesamoid bones in the body?
- Patella
- 1st MPJ
- Sesamoids
What is ossefication?
- Fetal development - bone is formed from a rod of cartilage, a bony collar is formed, osteoblasts secrete ostoid componants in the shaft
- Birth - 2 degrees ossification centres develop in the epiphysis
- Childhood and adolescence - the bone lengthens
- Adulthood - bone is full sized and the growth plates are closed
What are the functions of the bone?
- Support
- Movement
- Protection
- Erythrocyte production
- Mineral storage
- Calcium
- Phosphorous
- Magnesium
- Endocrine/energy
- Osteocalcin
What does the Axial include?
- Head
- Spine
- Rib cage
What does the appendicular include?
- Arms
- Legs
- pelvis
What is articulation?
A joint
What is an articulating surface?
The parts of the bone that make up a joint
What is a condyle?
Rounded smooth projection that forms part of the joint
What is a facet?
A small flatish joint
What are the trochanter, tuberosity and tubercle?
Rougher projections of bone usually associated with muscle or ligament attachments
What are the types of joints?
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
What are the fibrous joints?
- Suture joints of the skull
- Syndesmosis (Ulna and radius/tibia and fibula)
What are cartilaginous joints?
- Growth plates
- 1st Sternocostal joint
- Fibrocartilage (intervertebral joints and pubic symphysis
What are Synovial joints
- 6 Different types:
- Gliding (Sacroiliac, carpo-metacarpal)
- Hinge (Elbow - extention and flexion, knee)
- Pivot (Elbow - supination and pronation, atlas/axis)
- Ellipsoid (matatarsophalangeal)
- Ball and socket (Shoulder, hip)
- Saddle (Subtalar, Trapeziometacarpal)
What is the molecular makeup of the bone?
- 99% calcium
- 4% potassium
- 35% sodium
- 50% magnesium
- 80% carbonate
- 99% phosphate
What are the types of fractures?
- Traverse
- Linear
- Oblique non-displaced
- Oblique displaced
- Spiral
- Greenstick
- Comminuted
What is osteoporosis?
- Increased bone absorption by osteoclasts
- Women at higher risk - oestrogen essential for health bones
- Lack of exercise (Wolf’s law)
What is Davis’s law?
- Soft tissue adapts to the demand placed on it
- When overloaded muslce will lengthen and undergo hypertrophy
- When unloaded muscle will contract and atrophy
What are the functions of muscles?
- Movement
- Posture
- Movement associated with internal organs (peristalsis)
What are the three types of muscle?
- Skeletal
- Smooth
- Cardiac
What is the skeletal muscle?
- Striated
- Gross movement
- Voluntary
