Muscular System Flashcards
(83 cards)
1
Q
It provides movements and maintain body posture.
A
Muscles
2
Q
3 Types of muscle.
A
Skeletal muscle, Cardiac muscle, Smooth muscle
3
Q
A type of muscle that makes up 40% of body weight and is attached to bone.
A
Skeletal muscle
4
Q
Connective tissue that surrounds entire skeletal muscle.
A
Epimysium
5
Q
Bundle of muscle fibers.
A
Muscle fasciculus/ fasciculi
6
Q
Connective tissue around each muscle fasciculi.
A
Perimysium
6
Q
Skeletal muscle cells.
A
Muscle Fiber
7
Q
Connective Tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber.
A
Endomysium
8
Q
Threadlike proteins that make up muscle fibers.
A
Myofibril
9
Q
Proteins that make up myofibrils. E.g. Actin and Myosin
A
Myofilament
10
Q
Cytoplasm of Muscle fiber.
A
Sarcoplasm
11
Q
Cell membrane of Muscle fiber that contains T-tubules.
A
Sarcolemma
12
Q
A specialized type of SER occurs in muscle cells where calcium ions are stored. It surrounds myosin.
A
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
13
Q
It is wrapped around sacromers.
A
T- tubules (transverse)
14
Q
It is the smallest portion of myofibril capable of contraction.
A
Sacromere
15
Q
Thin myofilament
A
Actin
16
Q
Thick myofilament
A
Myosin
17
Q
Attachment site on actin for Ca2+.
A
Troponin
18
Q
Attachment site on actin for myosin.
A
Tropomyosin
19
Q
Contains actin and myosin.
A
Sacromere
20
Q
Protein fiber that forms attachment site for actin.
A
Z disk
21
Q
Center of sacromere that contains only myosin.
A
H zone
22
Q
Contains only actin.
A
I band
23
Q
Where actin and myosin overlap.
A
A band
24
Where myosin are anchored.
M line
25
Stimulus that causes rapid depolarization and repolarization.
Action Potential
26
Change in charges where in the inside becomes more + (positive) and - (negative) on the outside. This is where Na+ channels open.
Depolarization
27
Changes back to resting potential. Na+ channels closes.
Repolarization
28
Restores balance and pumps Na+ out of cell and transport K+ into cell.
Sodium-Potassium (Na+-K+)
29
Nerve cells that carry action potentials to muscle fibers.
Motor neuron
30
This is where nerve cell and fiber meet.
Neuromuscular Junction (synapse)
31
End of nerve cell.
Presynaptic terminal (axon)
32
Muscle fiber membrane.
Postsynaptic membrane
33
Space between presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic membrane.
Synaptic cleft
34
It stores and release neurotransmitter.
Synaptic vesicle
35
Chemical that stimulate or inhibit muscle fiber.
Neurotransmitter (Acetylcholine)
36
Group of muscle fibers that motor neuron stimulates.
Motor Unit
37
Refer to the points of contact between neurons where information is passed from one neuron to the next.
synapse
38
Twitch muscles use energy slowly and fairly evenly to make it last a long time.
Slow-twitch fiber
39
Twitch muscles use up a lot of energy very quickly, then get tired (fatigued) and need a break.
Fast-twitch fiber
40
Muscle in forehead. Raises eyebrows.
Occpitofrontalis
41
Muscle in eyes that allows blinking.
Orbicularis oculi
42
Muscle in mouth. "Kissing muscle"
Orbicularis oris
43
"Smiling muscle". Muscle in cheeks
Zygomaticus
44
Chewing "mastication" muscle
Masseter
45
(enumerate) Muscles of head and neck.
Occipitofrontalis
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis Oris
Zygomaticus
Masseter
46
(enumerate) Thoracic muscle
External Intercostals
Internal Intercostals
Diaphragm
47
Elevates ribs for inspiration.
External Intercostals
48
Depress ribs during forced expiration.
Internal Intercostals
49
Moves during quiet breathing.
Diaphragm
50
(enumerate) Abdominal wall muscles.
Rectus Abdominis
External Abdominal oblique
Internal Abdominal oblique
Transverse Abdominis
51
It is the center of the abdomen. Comprises abdomen. Tightens abdominopelvic wall; flexes the vertebral column.
Rectus Abdominis
52
Tightens abdominopelvic wall and compresses internal organs.
External Abdominis oblique, Internal Abdominis oblique, Transverse Abdominis
53
(enumerate) Upper Limb muscles.
Trapezius
Pectoralis Major
Serratus Anterior
Deltoid
Triceps Branchii
Biceps Branchii
Brachialis
Latissimus Dorsi
54
Muscles in shoulder and upper back. Extends head and neck.
Trapezius
55
The superior most and largest muscle of the anterior chest wall.
Pectoralis major
56
Muscle that originates on the surface of the 1st to 8th ribs at the side of the chest and inserts along the entire anterior length of the medial border of the scapula.
Serratus Anterior
57
Muscle in your shoulder. The ball-and-socket joint that connects your arm to the trunk of your body.
Deltoid
58
The primary function of this muscle is for extension of the elbow joint. It is a large, thick muscle on the dorsal part of the upper arm.
Triceps Branchii
59
It is a large, thick muscle on the ventral portion of the upper arm. It is known as the "flexing muscle".
Biceps Branchii
60
It is a muscle that flexes elbow.
Brachialis
61
Flat muscle that occupies the majority of the lower posterior thorax.
Latissimus Dorsi
62
(enumerate) Muscles of hips and thighs.
Iliopsas
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius
63
The strongest hip flexor and assists in external rotation of the femur.
Iliopsoas
64
It is the muscle in the buttocks that extends hips and abducts thigh.
Gluteus Maximus
65
It is the muscle in hips that abducts and rotates thigh.
Gluteus Medius
66
(enumerate) Muscles of Upper Leg
Quadriceps Femoris
Gracilis
Biceps Femoris, Semi membranous, semitendinosus
67
(enumerate) 4 quadriceps femoris
Rectus Femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
68
Muscle that abducts thigh and flexes knee.
Gracilis
69
(enumerate) 3 hamstrings muscles
Biceps Femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
70
(enumerate) Muscles of lower leg
Tibialis anterior
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
71
It is found in the anterior part of the lower leg. It plays an important role in the activities of walking, hiking and kicking the ball.
Tibialis Anterior
72
It is the calf. Flexes foot and Leg.
Gastrocnemius
73
It is the muscle attached to ankle.
Soleus
74
Muscles in the heart
Cardiac Muscle
74
Muscles in the heart.
Cardiac Muscle
74
Muscles in the heart
Cardiac Muscle
75
It is a type of muscle found in the stomach and intestines, where it helps with digestion and nutrient collection. It exists throughout the urinary system, where it functions to help rid the body of toxins and works in electrolyte balance.
Smooth Muscle
76
(True or False)
Steps in a muscle contraction.
1. Action potential travels down motor neuron to presynaptic terminal causing Ca2+ channels to open.
2. Ca2+ causes synaptic vesicles to release acetylcholine into synaptic cleft.
3. Acetylcholine binds to receptor sites on Na+ channels, Na+ channels open and Na+ rushes into postsynaptic terminal.
4. Na+ causes sarcolemma and T-tubules to increase the permeability of sarcoplasmic reticulum which releases stored calcium.
5. Ca2+ binds to troponin which is attached to actin.
6. Ca2+ binding to troponin causes tropomyosin to move exposing attachment sites for myosin.
7. Myosin heads to actin.
8. ATP is released from myosin heads and heads bend toward center of sacromere.
9. Bending forces actin to slide over myosin.
10. Acetylcholinestenase is released, Na+ channels close and muscle contraction stops.
True
77
Enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine.
Acetylcholinestenase
78
The tightening, shortening, or lengthening of muscles when you do some activity
Muscle Contraction
79
(True or False) Energy for muscle contractions are supplied by the protein.
False: Energy for muscle contractions are supplied by the ATP.
80
(True or False) ATP is stored in actin heads.
False: ATP is stored in myosin heads.
