Muscular system

Question 1

Skeletal muscles are responsible for body movement including walking,
running, chewing.

Answer 1

Movement of the body

Question 2

Skeletal muscles maintain tone keeping up <b>maintain position</b>.

Answer 2

Maintenance of posture

Question 3

Skeletal muscles of the thorax and diaphragm help us <b>breathe.</b>

Answer 3

Respiration

Question 4

Skeletal muscles <b>contract to product heat</b> to maintain body temperature.

Answer 4

Production of body heat

Question 5

Involved in <b>speaking</b>, <b>writing</b>, typing and smiling.

Answer 5

Communication

Question 6

Smooth muscles causes structures to constrict that help
propel food in the GIT, remove materials from organs and regulate blood flow.

Answer 6

Constriction of organs and vessels

Question 7

<b>Cardiac muscle causes the heart to beat</b>, propelling blood to other parts
of the body.

Answer 7

Contraction of the heart.

Question 8

the ability to
shorten forcibly.

Answer 8

Contractility

Question 9

the ability to receive
and respond to stimuli.<br></br><br></br>For instance, if you decide to wave to a friend, the conscious
decision to lift your arm is sent via nerves

Answer 9

Excitability

Question 10

the ability to be
stretched or extended

Answer 10

Extensibility

Question 11

is the ability of muscle to recoil to its original resting
length after it has been stretched.<br></br><br></br>for instance, Taking a deep breath demonstrates elasticity because exhalation is simply the recoil of your
respiratory muscles back to the resting position, similar to
releasing a stretched rubberband.

Answer 11

Elasticity

Question 12

is a <b>general term for connective tissue
sheets</b>; between adjacent muscles and between
muscles and skin

Answer 12

Fascia

Question 13

one of the three primary types of muscular fascia; an overcoat of dense collagenous
connective tissue that <b>surrounds the entire muscle.</b>

Answer 13

Epimysium

Question 14

one of the three muscular fascia fibrous connective tissue that
surrounds groups of muscle fibers called fascicles
(bundles)

Answer 14

Perimysium

Question 15

fine sheath of connective tissue
composed of reticular fibers surrounding each
muscle fiber; thin connective tissue enclosing each muscle.

Answer 15

Endomysium

Question 16

serves as passageway for both
nerves and blood vessels.

Answer 16

connective tissue

Question 17

specialized nerve cells that <b>stimulates
</b>skeletal muscle contractions; <b>originates from the brain
and spinal cord.</b>

Answer 17

Motor Neurons

Question 18

contact point
between axons and muscle fibers; also called as synapses.

Answer 18

Neuromuscular junctions 

Question 19

An _____ and one or two veins extend with the nerve
through the skeletal muscles

Answer 19

artery

Question 20

is the plasma membrane of the fibers

Answer 20

Sarcolemma

Question 21

also called as t tubles tubelike
inward folds of the sarcolemma that carry electrical
impulses into the center of the fiber so every unit
contracts in unison. They occur at regular intervals along the muscle fiber and extend
inward, connecting the extracellular environment with the interior
of the muscle fiber

Answer 21

transverse tubules

Question 22

highly specialized
smooth ER that stores Ca (upon release causes
contraction).

Answer 22

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 23

t tubules that lie next to an enlarged reticulum

Answer 23

Terminal cisternae

Question 24

2 terminal cisternae + T-tubles

Answer 24

triad

Question 25

cytoplasm of the muscle fibers

Answer 25

sarcoplasm

Question 26

actin or myosin containin structure

Answer 26

myofilaments

Question 27

thin filament

Answer 27

actin myofilament

Question 28

thick filament

Answer 28

myosin myofilament

Question 29

structural and functional unit of skeletal muscles organized units of actin and myosin filaments Smallest portion of muscle that can contract

Answer 29

sarcomeres

Question 30

(sarcomers)anchor for actin myofilaments

Answer 30

Z disks

Question 31

(sarcomers) lighter-staining regions that contain only actin myofilaments

Answer 31

I bands

Question 32

(sarcomers) central; darker-staining region; containing both myofilaments except the center

Answer 32

A band

Question 33

(sarcomers)center of A band that only contains myosin myofilaments

Answer 33

H zone

Question 34

(SARCOMERES) middle of the H zone that holds the myofilaments in place

Answer 34

M zone

Question 35

(sarcomers) – a protein aside from actin and myosin that gives the muscle ability to stretch and recoil; largest protein in humans

Answer 35

Titin

Question 36

also known as "G actin" forms into strains to become Fibrous Actin.

Answer 36

Globular actin

Question 37

receptor sites for myosin microfilament

Answer 37

F Actin

Question 38

– cover the active sites on the G actin subunits

Answer 38

Tropomyosin

Question 39

•Anchors the troponin to actin
• Prevents tropomyosin from uncovering the G actin sites in a relaxed muscle
 • Bind with Ca

Answer 39

Troponin

Question 40

re composed of many elongated myosin molecules shaped like golf clubs. consists of about 300 myosin molecules arranged so that about 150 of them have their heads projecting toward each end.

Answer 40

Myosin myofilaments

Question 41

Bind to active sites on actin molecules to form cross bridges

Answer 41

Myosin heads

Question 42

the junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies

Answer 42

Neuromuscular junction

Question 43

axon terminal with synaptic vesicles.

synaptic cleft > Postsynaptic membrane

Answer 43

Presynaptic terminal

Question 44

also known as "ach",  neurotransmitter, a type of ligand

Answer 44

Acetylcholine

Question 45

gap between the time of stimulus application to the motor neuron and the beginning contraction.

Answer 45

Lag phase

Question 46

time during which the muscle relaxes.

concentration of CA in the sarcoplasm decreases slowly into the SR.

Answer 46

Relaxation phase

Question 47

Muscle contraction is measured as a force = ____

Answer 47

Tension

Question 48

Response of a muscle fiber to a single action potential along its motor neuron of muscle fiber in response to a stimulus.

Answer 48

Muscle Twitch

Question 49

constant amount of tension whiledecreasing the length of the muscle.

Answer 49

Isotonic contractions

Question 50

increase in muscle tension but no change in muscle length. no movement in this type of contraction. example: Holding a plank position or pressing against an immovable object.

Answer 50

Isometric contraction ## Footnote Isometric contraction

Question 51

isotonic contractions in which muscle tension increases as the muscle shortens. causes the muscle to shorten as it contracts.

Answer 51

concentric contractions ## Footnote Eccentric contraction

Question 52

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Answer 52

isotonic contractions in which muscle tension increases as the muscle shortens.

causes the muscle to shorten as it contracts. ## Footnote

Question 53

amount of force in one muscle fiber.

individual muscles contract more forcefully, rapidly stimulating individual muscle fibers prevents relaxation and detachment of cross bridges

Answer 53

Summation

Question 54

amount of force in a whole muscle.

the more motor units contracting, the faster and more muscle fibers has prolonged contraction

Answer 54

Recruitment

Question 55

- an increase in the force of contraction during the first few contractions of a rested muscle. -occurs in a muscle fiber that has rested for a prolonged period The stimulus frequency must allow the muscle fiber to completely relax followed by an immediate stimulation -For athletes, the treppe during warm-up can contribute to improved muscle frequency -When the frequency of stimulation is beyond what caused treppe, the muscle fiber will contract with even greater force until maximum force with no relaxation is achieved.

Answer 55

Treppe

Question 56

does not require O2, breaks down glucose to produce ATP and lactate.

Answer 56

Anaerobic respiration

Question 57

occurs mostly in mitochondria requires O2 and breaks down glucose to produce ATP, CO2 and H2O

Answer 57

Aerobic respiration

Question 58

Refers to a temporary state of reduced work capacity.

Answer 58

Muscle fatigue

Question 59

state of fatigue that occurs when there is too little ATP to bind to myosin filaments. too little ATP to bind myosin, cross-bridges cannot be broken and muscles cannot relax

Answer 59

Physiological contracture

Question 60

rigid muscles after death, no ATP for release of myosin heads.

Answer 60

Rigor mortis

Question 61

involves the CNS rather than the muscles.

Answer 61

Psychological fatigue

Question 62

contract more slowly than skeletal muscle cells when stimulated by neurotransmitters from the CNS and do not develop oxygen deficit. Actin and myosin filaments are organized as loose bundles instead of as sarcomeres

Answer 62

Smooth muscle

Question 63

the frequency of contraction also increases until a period of sustained contraction called _____

Answer 63

Tetanus

Question 64

muscle to bone

Answer 64

tendons

Question 65

bone to bone

Answer 65

ligament