Muscular system Flashcards
What is isometric muscle contraction?
A contraction where muscle length does not change while tension increases.
Example: Holding a weight in a fixed position.
What is isotonic muscle contraction?
A contraction where muscle changes length while maintaining constant tension.
Example: Lifting a weight through a range of motion.
What is isotonic-concentric contraction?
A contraction where the muscle shortens while producing force.
Example: Curling a dumbbell upwards.
What is isotonic-eccentric contraction?
A contraction where the muscle lengthens while producing force.
Example: Lowering a dumbbell back down.
What are the functional characteristics of Type 1 muscle fibers?
Contraction speed is slow, force produced is low, fatigability is low, aerobic capacity is very high, anaerobic capacity is low.
Type 1 fibers are suited for endurance activities.
What are the structural characteristics of Type 1 muscle fibers?
Motor neurone size is small, mitochondrial density is high, myoglobin content is high, capillary density is high.
These characteristics support aerobic metabolism.
What are the functional characteristics of Type 2A muscle fibers?
Contraction speed is fast, force produced is large, fatigability is large, aerobic capacity is medium, anaerobic capacity is high.
Type 2A fibers are versatile for both endurance and strength.
What are the structural characteristics of Type 2A muscle fibers?
Motor neurone size is large, mitochondrial density is medium, myoglobin content is medium, capillary density is medium.
These fibers are a hybrid between Type 1 and Type 2B.
What are the functional characteristics of Type 2B muscle fibers?
Contraction speed is fast, force produced is large, fatigability is high, aerobic capacity is low, anaerobic capacity is very high.
Type 2B fibers are designed for explosive movements.
What are the structural characteristics of Type 2B muscle fibers?
Motor neurone size is large, mitochondrial density is low, myoglobin content is low, capillary density is low.
These characteristics support rapid energy release.
What type of training would make Type 1 fibers more efficient?
Endurance training, focusing on long-duration, low-intensity exercises.
Examples include long-distance running or cycling.
What type of training would make Type 2A fibers more efficient?
Interval training, combining both aerobic and anaerobic exercises.
Examples include circuit training or sprint intervals.
What type of training would make Type 2B fibers more efficient?
Strength training, focusing on high-intensity, low-duration exercises.
Examples include heavy weightlifting or sprinting.
Where is the Pectoralis major located?
In the upper chest area
Responsible for adduction and flexion of the arm at the shoulder joint.
What movements does the Pectoralis major facilitate?
Adduction and flexion of the arm at the shoulder joint.
Where is the Deltoid muscle located?
On the shoulder
Responsible for arm abduction, flexion, and extension.
What movements does the Deltoid muscle facilitate?
Abduction, flexion, and extension of the arm.
Where is the Erector spinae muscle located?
Along the spine
Responsible for extension and lateral flexion of the spine.
What movements does the Erector spinae muscle facilitate?
Extension and lateral flexion of the spine.
Where is the Latissimus dorsi muscle located?
On the lower back
Responsible for adduction, extension, and internal rotation of the arm.
What movements does the Latissimus dorsi muscle facilitate?
Adduction, extension, and internal rotation of the arm.
Where is the Trapezius muscle located?
In the upper back and neck area
Responsible for elevation, retraction, and rotation of the scapula.
What movements does the Trapezius muscle facilitate?
Elevation, retraction, and rotation of the scapula.
Where is the Biceps brachii muscle located?
On the front of the upper arm
Responsible for flexion of the elbow and supination of the forearm.
