MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Question 1

THE THREE TYPES OF MUSCULAR TISSUE ARE

Answer 1

1) SKELETAL MUSCLE
2) CARDIAC MUSCLE
3) SMOOTH MUSCLE

Question 2

THE TERM, “MUSCULAR SYSTEM” ONLY REFERS TO?

Answer 2

SKELETAL MUSCLE

Question 3

THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF MUSCLES ARE

Answer 3

1) MOVEMENT
2) STABILITY
3) HEAT GENERATION
4) GLYCEMIC CONTROL

Question 4

SKELETAL MUSCLE IS USUALLY ATTACHED TO

Answer 4

ONE OR MORE BONES

Question 5

SKELETAL MUSCLES ARE BOTH

Answer 5

VOLUNTARY AND STRIATED

Question 6

SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS ARE CALLED “MUSCLE FIBERS” DUE TO THEIR

Answer 6

LONG, SLENDER SHAPE

Question 7

MICROFIBRILS ARE? (THICK _______)

Answer 7

THICK BUNDLES OF CONTRACTICLE PROTEINS

Question 8

PACKED BETWEEN MYOFIBRILS ARE

Answer 8

1) MITOCHONDRIA
2) SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
3) GLYCOGEN (CARB)
4) MYOGLOBIN

Question 9

THE SARCOLEMMA IS THE

Answer 9

PLASMA MEMBRANE

Question 10

TRANSVERSE TUBULES OR (T) TUBULES ARE

Answer 10

THE INFOLDINGS OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE (SARCOLEMMA)

Question 11

WHAT DO T TUBULES DO?

Answer 11

1) PENETRATE THE MUSCLE FIBER
2) CARRY THE ELECTRICAL CURRENT FROM THE SURFACE TO THE INTERIOR

Question 12

THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM IS

Answer 12

THE SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM OF MUSCLE FIBER

Question 13

THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM FORMS A WEB… (3)

Answer 13

1) FORMS A WEB AROUND MYOFIBRILS
2) HAS DILATED SACS, OR TERMINAL CISTERNS AROUND T TUBULES
3) RELEASES CALCIUM INTO CYTOSOL WHEN THE MUSCLE FIBER IS STIMULATED

Question 14

MYOFIBRILS CONTAIN BUNDLES OF ____________

Answer 14

PARALLEL PROTEIN MICROFILAMENTS CALLED MYOFILAMENTS

Question 15

THERE ARE TWO MAIN TYPES OF MYOFILAMENTS:

Answer 15

THICK AND THIN
MYOSIN = THICK
ACTIN = THIN

Question 16

TROPONIN AND TROPOMYOSIN ARE PRESENT IN

Answer 16

ACTIN

Question 17

MYOSIN AND ACTIN OCCUR IN NEARLY ALL CELLS, ESPECIALLY ABUNDANT IN

Answer 17

SKELETAL AND CARDIAC MUSCLE

Question 18

MYOSIN AND ACTIN ARE HELD IN LINE BY

Answer 18

ELASTIC FILAMENTS

Question 19

STRIATIONS ARE

Answer 19

DARK A BANDS ALTERNATING WITH LIGHT I BANDS

Question 20

I BANDS ARE BISECTED BY A Z DISC, WHICH IS

Answer 20

1) A PROTEIN GIVING ANCHORAGE TO THIN FILAMENTS
2) CONSIST OF ONLY THIN FILAMENTS

Question 21

A BANDS ARE REGIONS IN WHICH …

Answer 21

1) REGIONS IN WHICH THICK AND THIN FILAMENTS OVERLAP
2) THE MIDDLE PART IS COMPOSED OF MYOSIN ONLY

Question 22

A SARCOMERE IS

Answer 22

A SEGMENT OF MYOFIBRIL FROM ONE Z DISC TO THE NEXT

Question 23

SKELETAL MUSCLE CANNOT CONTRACT UNLESS

Answer 23

STIMULATED BY A NERVE

Question 24

MOTOR NEURONS ARE

Answer 24

NERVE CELLS THAT STIMULATE SKELETAL MUSCLES

Question 25

A MOTOR UNIT IS

Answer 25

ONE MOTOR NEURON AND ALL THE MUSCLE FIBERS IT SUPPLIES

Question 26

A SYNAPSE IS

Answer 26

WHERE A **NERVE FIBER** MEETS ANOTHER CELL

Question 27

THE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION

Answer 27

IS WHERE A NERVE FIBER MEETS A MUSCLE FIBER

Question 28

AN AXON TERMINAL IS

Answer 28

**THE BULBOUS SWELLING AT THE END OF A NERVE FIBER** (NESTLES ONTO THE MUSCLE FIBER)

Question 29

THE AXON TERMINAL IS SEPARATED BY

Answer 29

A TINY GAP CALLED THE SYNAPTIC CLEFT

Question 30

THE BASAL LAMINA SURROUNDS

Answer 30

THE ENTIRE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION AND IS MADE OF PROTEIN

Question 31

SYNAPTIC VESCICLES ARE

Answer 31

**MEMBRANE-BOUNDED SACS** IN THE SYNPATIC KNOB

Question 32

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE IS

Answer 32

AN ENZYME THAT BREAKS DOWN ACETYLCHOLINE TO STOP MUSCLE STIMULATION

Question 33

MUSCLE EXCITATION IS

Answer 33

THE PROCESS OF CONVERTING AN ELECTRICAL NERVE SIGNAL TO AN ELECTRICAL SIGNAL IN THE NERVE FIBER

Question 34

ACTION POTENTIALS ARE

Answer 34

1) WAVES OF ELECTRICAL CHANGES 2) SPREAD IN ALL DIRECTIONS AWAY FROM THE NMJ AND ENTER INTO T TUBULES

Question 35

DURING MUSCLE CONTRACTION, _____________

Answer 35

1) THE **MUSCLE DEVELOPS TENSION AND MAY SHORTEN** 2) **THICK AND THIN FILAMENTS SLIDE PAST EACH OTHER** 3) THE **MECHANISM OF CONTRACTION IS CALLED THE SLIDING FILAMENT MODEL**

Question 36

THE RECOVERY STROKE IS

Answer 36

WHEN THE MYOSIN HEAD RECOCKS AND IS READY TO BIND ACTIN AGAIN

Question 37

WHEN A SARCOMERE IS CONTRACTED,

Answer 37

1) THE **SARCOMERE IS SHORTER** 2) **THICK AND THIN FILAMENTS ARE THE SAME LENGTH AT REST** 3) FILAMENTS OVERLAP MORE EXTENSIVELY

Question 38

DURING THE RELAXATION OF A SARCOMERE,

Answer 38

1) NO MORE ACH IS RELEASED WHEN THE NERVE SIGNAL STOPS 2) ACH ALREADY IN THE SYNAPSE IS BROKEN DOWN BY ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE 3) CESSATION OF MUSCLE FIBER STIMULATION

Question 39

DURING RIGOR MORTIS,

Answer 39

1) **THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM DETERIORATES** AFTER DEATH, **RELEASING CALCIUM** 2) THE **SARCOLEMMA ALSO DETERIORATES**, **ALLOWING CALCIUM INTO THE CELL**

Question 39

RIGOR MORTIS IS

Answer 39

THE HARDENING OF MUSCLES AND STIFFENING OF THE BODY THAT OCCURS A FEW HOURS AFTER DEATH

Question 40

MUSCLE TWITCH IS

Answer 40

1) THE MINIMUM CONTRACTION EXHIBITED BY A MUSCLE 2) VERY BRIEF AND WEAK

Question 41

ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION IS

Answer 41

CONTRACTION OF A MUSCLE WITHOUT A CHANGE IN LENGTH

Question 42

DURING ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION,

Answer 42

1) THE MUSCLE PRODUCES TENSION BUT DOESN'T SHORTEN 2) IT'S A PHASE OF NORMAL MUSCULAR ACTION 3) IMPORTANT IN STABILIZING JOINTS AND MAINTAINING POSTURE

Question 43

ISOTONIC CONTRACTION IS

Answer 43

WHEN THE MUSCLE SHORTENS WITH TENSION

Question 43

CONCENTRIC CONTRACTION IS

Answer 43

WHEN THE MUSCLE SHORTENS AS IT MAINTAINS TENSION (EX: DURING BICEP CURLS)

Question 44

ECCENTRIC CONTRACTION IS

Answer 44

1) WHEN THE MUSCLE LENGTHENS AS IT MAINTAINS TENSION 2) MORE LIKELY TO CAUSE INJURY

Question 45

ALL MUSCLE CONTRACTION DEPENDS ON ______________

Answer 45

ATP (ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE)

Question 46

THERE ARE TWO MECHANISMS TO PRODUCE ATP:

Answer 46

1) ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION 2) AEROBIC RESPIRATION

Question 47

DURING ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION,

Answer 47

1) GLUCOSE IS CONVERTED TO LACTATE 2) YIELDS 2 ATP PER GLUCOSE 2) DOESN'T USE OXYGEN; PRODUCES ATP WHEN DEMAND IS HIGH BUT OXYGEN NOT AVAILABLE

Question 48

AEROBIC FERMENTATION IS

Answer 48

1) WHEN PYRUVATE IS OXIDIZED INTO CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER 2) YIELDS 30 ATP PER GLUCOSE 3) REQUIRES OXYGEN, SO IT CAN'T BE USED DURING INTENSE EXERCISE

Question 49

EACH MUSCLE FIBER IS COVERED BY ____________

Answer 49

ENDOMYSIUM

Question 50

A COLLECTION OF MUSCLE FIBERS IS CALLED A __________

Answer 50

FASICLE

Question 51

THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE SURROUNDING THE COLLECTION OF MUSCLE FIBERS

Answer 51

PERIMYSIUM

Question 52

FASCIA ARE ________

Answer 52

FIBROUS SHEETS SEPARATING MUSCLES FROM EACH OTHER

Question 53

A TENDON CAN EITHER BE A _________ OR A __________

Answer 53

FIBROUS CORD; SHEET

Question 54

PERIOSTEUM IS THE

Answer 54

CONNECTIVE TISSUE SURROUNDING THE BONE

Question 55

WHAT IS APONEUROSIS?

Answer 55

WHEN YOU HAVE A BROAD SHEET OF TENDONS INSTEAD OF A NARROW BAND

Question 56

CRAMPS ARE

Answer 56

PAINFUL MUSCLE SPASMS CAUSED BY HEAVY EXERCISE, EXTREME COLD, DEHYDRATION, LOW BLOOD SUGAR, ELECTROLYTE LOSS

Question 57

SITS STANDS FOR

Answer 57

1) SUPRASPINATUS 2) INFRASPINATUS 3) TERES MINOR 4) SUBSCAPULARIS

Question 58

DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY IS WHEN

Answer 58

MUSCULAR TISSUE IS REPLACED BY FAT AND FIBROUS TISSUE