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Muscular system Flashcards

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1
Q

Muscular system functions

A

motion
movement of substances in the body
stabilizing body positions
thermogenesis

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2
Q

criteria for naming muscles

A

direction of muscle fibers
location
size
number of origins
action
origin and insertion
shape

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3
Q

what does rectus mean

A

parallel to the midline

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4
Q

what does latissimus mean

A

widest

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5
Q

what does serratus mean

A

zig zag

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6
Q

what does origin mean

A

does not move

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7
Q

what does insertion mean

A

site that moves

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8
Q

what does agonist/ prime mover mean

A

causes the desired movement

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9
Q

what does antagonist mean

A

opposing muscle relaxes

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10
Q

what does synergistic mean

A

steadies a movement

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11
Q

how does movement occur

A

muscles cross at least one joint and exert a force on tendons to pull on bone

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12
Q

what is the fulcrum

A

pivoting point

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13
Q

what do tendons connect

A

muscle to bones

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14
Q

what do ligaments connect

A

bones to bones

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15
Q

sternocleidomastoids

A

origin; manubrium and medial end of clavicle
insertion; mastoid process and sup nuchal line of occipital bone
action; lift chin, laterall flex to same side, rotate nose to opposite side

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16
Q

what do the superficial muscles of the back/trunk do

A

back muscles act on the shoulder

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17
Q

what do the deep muscles of the trunk/back do

A

extend the trunk and rotate the vertebral column

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18
Q

what do the anterior muscles of the trunk/back do

A

trunk muscles form the anterior wall of the abdomen, support the viscera

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19
Q

superficial muscles of the back/trunk

A

trapezius
latissimus dorsi
rhomboid major
levator scapulae
teres major

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20
Q

trapezius

A

origin; occipital bone, superior nuchal line, spinous process, C1-T12
insertion; acromion and spine of scapula and clavicle
action; shrugging shoulders

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21
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

origin; spines T7-L5, ribs 9-12, iliac and sacral crests
insertion; bicipital groove of humerus

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22
Q

levator scapula

A

origin; transverse processes of C1-C4
insertion; medial, superior border of scapula

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23
Q

rhomboids- major and minor*

A

origin; spine C7-T5
insertion; medial or vertebral border of scapula
action; rows/ pull-ups, stretch when lifting arms up

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24
Q

teres major

A

origin; post scapula at inferior angle
insertion; medial part of bicipital groove
action; interally rotate shoulder

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25
deep back muscles
erector spinae (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)
26
whats the most medial erector spinae
spinalis
27
whats the most lateral erector spinae muscle
iliocostalis
28
what is erector spinae action
controlling flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation, maintaining lumbar lordotic curve
29
anterior trunk muscles
chest; deep and superficial respiratory abdominal
30
anterior trunk muscles superficial
pectoralis major deltoid
31
deep anterior tunck muscles
pectoralis minor serratus anterior
32
pectoralis major
origin; head of clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages (2-6) insertion; greater tubercle
33
deltoid
origin; acromion and spine of scapula insertion; deltoid tuberosity
34
pectoalis minor
origin; ribs 2-5 insertion; coracoid process
35
serratus anterior
origin; ribs 1-8 insertion; medial border and inferior angle of scapula innervated with long thoracic nerve
36
intercostal muscles
internal and external intercostals
37
external intercostal action
elevate the ribs during inspiration
38
internal intercostal action
draws the ribs together during forced expiration
39
diaphragm major openings
aortic hiatus (T12) esophageal hiatus (T10) caval hiatus (T8)
40
diaphragm
origin; xiphoid process, ribs 7-12, lumbar spine insertion; central tendon Action; increases dimension of thoracic cavity resulting in inspiration
41
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Increases work to breath
42
Anterior abdominal muscles
External oblique Internal oblique Transverse abdominis Rectus abdominis
43
External oblique
Origin: ribs 5-12 Insertion; linea alba and iliac crest
44
Internal oblique
Origin: iliac crest, inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia Insertion: cartilage of ribs 7-10 and linea alba
45
Transverse abdominis
Origin: cartilages of lower ribs, iliac crest and lumbar fascia Insertion: linea alba, xiphoid, and pubis
46
Rectus abdominis
Origin: superior pubis Insertion: inferior surfaces of costal cartliages (ribs 5-7) and xiphoid Action : depressed ribs and flexes vertebral column
47
Deepest to most superficial abdomen muscles
Transverse, internal, external, Rectus
48
What muscles are included in the rotator cuff muscles
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Trees minor Subscapularis All pull arm externally and backwards
49
Supraspinatus*
Origin; supraspinous fossa Insertion: greater tuberosity
50
Infraspinatus *
Origin: Infraspinatus fossa Insertion: greater tuberosity
51
Teres minor
Origin: lateral border of scapula Insertion: greater tuberosity
52
Subscapularis
Origin: Subscapular fossa Insertion: lesser tuberosity Only anterior one
53
What are included in the forearm flexors
Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis Triceps brachii
54
Biceps brachii long head and short head
Long head Origin: superior part of Glenoid Insertion: radial tuberosity Short head Origin: Coracoid process Insertion: radial tuberosity
55
SLAP
superior labrum, anterior and posterior
56
Brachialis
Origin : distal anterior surface of humerus Insertion: ulnar tuberosity and Coronoid process Most responsible for flexion of the elbow
57
Brachioradialis
Origin: lateral, distal humerus Insertion: superior to radial styloid process
58
Triceps brachii
Long head Origin: infraglenoid tubercle Insertion : olecranon Lateral head Origin : lateral and posterior part of humerus Insertion: olecranon Medial head Origin: posterior humerus Insertion: olecranon
59
What do the anterior compartment of muscles of the forearm do
Flexes wrist and fingers Pronation of the hand and forearm Ulnar adductor and radial abduct deviation
60
Where do all the anterior compartment of forearm superficial muscles all originate and insert from
All originate from the Medial eipcondyle of the humerus All insert on the carpals or metacarpals
61
Where do all the superficial muscles of the posterior forearm originate and insert
All originate from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus All insert on the carpals or metacarpals
62
What muscle does hip flexion
Iliopsoas muscle Sartorius
63
What is the iliopsoas muscle made up of
Psoas major and iliacus
64
Psoas major *
Origin: T12 Insertion: lesser trochanter
65
Iliacus
Origin :sacrum and iliac fossa Insertion: lesser trochanter
66
Sartorius
Origin : ASIS INSERTION: medial body of tibia Action ; flexes, abducts, and externally rotates hip
67
Hip abduction medial thigh muscles 5
Adductor Magnus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Pectineus Gracilis
68
Adductor Magnus, adductor longus, and adductor brevis
Origin: pubic bone Insertion: linea aspara
69
Gracilis
Origin: pubic bone Insertion : medial, proximal tibia
70
Where does hip extension and abduction come from
Muscles on posterior part of hip
71
Gluteal group muscles
Gluteus Maximus Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Origin : ilium Insertion: iliotibial tract (IT BAND) and greater trochanter
72
Quadriceps femoris muscles
Rectus femoris Vastus lateral is Vastus medial is Vastus intermedius
73
Where do the quadriceps femoris muscles originate and insert
Rectus femoris origin: ASIS Vastus lateralis origin: greater trochanter, linea aspera Vastus medialis origin: linea aspera Vastus intermedius origin: anterolateral femur All join to form quadriceps tendon, then patellar ligament, then insert on tibial tuberosity
74
What is myositis ossifications
Bleeding in muscle due to impact, bone starts forming from blood
75
What is included in the hamstrings
Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranous All cross hip and knee joints causing flexion at the knee joint and extension at the hip joint
76
Biceps femoris
Long head Origin: ischisel tuberosity Insertion: head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia Short head Origin: linea aspera Insertion: head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia Short
77
Semitendinosus
Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: proximal, medial surface of tibia
78
Semimembranous
Origin :ischial tuberosity Insertion: medial condole of tibia
79
What muscles are included when ankle dorsiflexion
Tibia lies anterior Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus Fibula ribs tertius
80
What does dorisflexion mean
Point toes upwards
81
Tibialis anterior *
Origin : lateral condyle of tibia and interosseous membrane Insertion: medial cuneiform and first metatarsal Produces inversion and dorsiflexion of the foot
82
Tibialis anterior*
Origin: lateral condyle and proximal shaft of tibia Insertion : base of first metatarsal Action: dorsiflexion foot and inverts foot
83
what are the lateral compartment of the lower leg and their action
fibularis longus fibularis brevis planter flexion and eversion
84
what are the posterior compartment of the lower leg
gastrocnemius soleus all join to become the achilles tendon
85
gastrocnemius
origin: lateral and medial femoral condyles insertion: calcaneus
86
posterior compartment of lower leg and action
popliteus tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus planter flex foot at the ankle joint

Muscular System (1 decks)

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