Muscular System

Question 1

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 1

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

Question 2

How do the different muscle tissues differ?

Answer 2

Microscopic anatomy, location and control by the nervous and endocrine system

Question 3

What is the basic physiological property of muscle tissue?

Answer 3

Contractility: the ability to contract and shorten

Question 4

4 physiological properties of muscle tissue

Answer 4

Excitability (irritability)
Extensibility
Elasticity
Contractility

Question 5

Excitability (irritability)

Answer 5

The capacity to receive and respond to a stimulus

Question 6

Extensibility

Answer 6

The ability to be stretched

Question 7

Elasticity

Answer 7

The ability to return to original shape after being stretched or contracted

Question 8

What type of muscle is attached primarily to bones and moves parts of the skeleton?

Answer 8

Skeletal

Question 9

Skeletal muscle is striated

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Striations

Answer 10

Produced by a characteristic arrangement of contractile proteins, myosin and actin

Question 11

Skeletal muscle is an involuntary muscle

Answer 11

False

It can be made to contract and relax by conscious control

Question 12

How are muscles attached to bones?

Answer 12

Tendons

Question 13

The eternal sphincter of the bladder and diaphragm cause movement of the skeleton

Answer 13

False

And they do not attach to bone

Question 14

What is a fascicles?

Answer 14

Bundles of muscle fibers in skeletal muscle

Question 15

Epimysium

Answer 15

Enclosed fascicles

Question 16

Fascicles are separated by connective tissue fibers of the…..

Answer 16

Perimysium

Question 17

Muscles fibers in fascicles are surrounded by the

Answer 17

Endomysium

Question 18

Satellite cells lie between the __________ and _______

Answer 18

Endomysium and muscle fibers

Question 19

What is the function of satellite cells?

Answer 19

Repair damaged muscle tissue

Question 20

Epimsium

Answer 20

Sheath of connective tissue surrounding the muscle

Question 21

Fascicle

Answer 21

Bundle or cluster of muscle fibers

Question 22

Perimysium

Answer 22

Sheath of connective tissue surrounding each fascicle

Question 23

Muscle fiber

Answer 23

Muscle cell

Question 24

Sarcolemma

Answer 24

Plasma membrane of muscle cell

Question 25

Myofibiril

Answer 25

Threadlike structure running longitudinally through a muscle fiber

Question 26

Myosin

Answer 26

Thick filaments

Question 27

Actin (troponin and tropomyosin)

Answer 27

Thin filaments

Question 28

Myofilaments are arranged in

Answer 28

Sarcomeres

Question 29

What is the basic contractile unit of striated muscle fibers?

Answer 29

Sarcomeres

Question 30

Cardiac muscle is striated

Answer 30

True | But it looks very different from skeletal muscle

Question 31

Where is cardiac muscle found?

Answer 31

In the heart

Question 32

Myocardial cells are long/short and branched/unbranched

Answer 32

Short,branched

Question 33

Cardiac muscle is intimately interconnected to form continuous fabric

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Intercalated discs are found in all types of muscle

Answer 34

False

Question 35

What are intercalated disks

Answer 35

Special areas of contact between adjacent cardiac muscle cells

Question 36

Gap junctions

Answer 36

Found in intercalated discs and couple myocardial cells together mechanically and electrically

Question 37

Both skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle can produce a graded contraction by varying the amount of cells stimulated to contract

Answer 37

False Skeletal muscles can cardiac muscles cannot

Question 38

Why does cardiac muscle act as a whole?

Answer 38

All cells in the myocardium are electronically joined, by gap junctions. Stimulation of one cells results in the stimulation it all other cells and the whole heart contracts

Question 39

What is the driving force behind movement?

Answer 39

Muscle tissue

Question 40

The heart contracts to its fullest extent each time because all of its cells contribute to contraction

Answer 40

True

Question 41

How can the ability of myocardial cell contraction be increased?

Answer 41

Sympathetic systems and stretching of the heart chambers

Question 42

What are the 2 chambers of the heart?

Answer 42

Atria and ventricles

Question 43

Both skeletal and cardiac muscles require external stimulation by somatic motor nerves before they can produce action potentials and contract

Answer 43

False. Cardiac muscle able to produce action potentials automatically

Question 44

Pacemaker

Answer 44

Group of cells that cardiac action potentials originate

Question 45

Transverse tubules

Answer 45

Small cylindrical invaginations of sarcolemma of striated muscle fiber hat conduct muscle croon potentials towards the center of the muscle fiber Skeletal and cardiac muscle

Question 46

Smooth muscle fibers are short/long, __________shaped, and slender/thick

Answer 46

Short, spindle, slender

Question 47

Smooth muscle fibers contain more than one nucleus

Answer 47

False 1 nucleus, located near the center of the fiber at its widest point

Question 48

Troponin is present in smooth muscle fibers.

Answer 48

False Actin, myosin and tropomyosin are present

Question 49

Smooth muscle is not striated

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Actin filaments in smooth muscle are attached to __________that are distributed throughout the __________in a network of intermediate filaments

Answer 50

Dense bodies, sarcoplasm

Question 51

Smooth muscles contract very quickly

Answer 51

False

Question 52

2 types of smooth muscle

Answer 52

Single unit and multiunit

Question 53

Single unit smooth muscle

Answer 53

Most common | Found in the walls of tubes and hollow organs (blood vessels, bladder)

Question 54

Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle contracts as a whole due to what

Answer 54

Cells are connected to one another by gap junctions

Question 55

Smooth muscles have pacemaker cells

Answer 55

True | In single unit cells

Question 56

Multiunit smooth muscles consist of individual fibers, each with its own motor neuron terminals

Answer 56

True

Question 57

All smooth muscle fibers cause contraction of all adjacent fibers.

Answer 57

False Single unit cells contract all other cells Multiunit cells only contract within that fiber

Question 58

Where are multiunit smooth muscle fibers found?

Answer 58

Walls of large arteries, bronchioles, radial and circular muscles of the iris that adjust pupil diameter and in the ciliary bodies that adjust focus of the lenses of the eye

Question 59

Sarcomeres are present in smooth muscle fibers

Answer 59

False