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Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

The ability of a muscle cell to shorten in length is called

A

Contractility

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2
Q

The ability to received and respond to stimulus is

A

Excitability

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3
Q

The ability of a muscle cell to stretch is

A

Extensibility

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4
Q

The ability of a cell to return to its resting form after stretching is called

A

Elasticity

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5
Q

The type of muscle tissue found in the muscular system is

A

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

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6
Q

The connective tissue that binds a muscle and provides a route for blood vessels and nerves to travel is called

A

Deep Fascia

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7
Q

The type of fascia that surrounds a muscle is called

A

Deep Fascia

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8
Q

The outermost covering of the entire muscle is the _____ which is deep fascia

A

Epimysium

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9
Q

A thick band of dense connective tissue that forms most connections between muscle and bone is called a

A

Tendon

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10
Q

A broad sheet of dense connective tissue that may attach a muscle to a bone or to another muscle is

A

Aponeurosis

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11
Q

A tendon rupture is a serious injury calling for _____ to reconnect the torn ends

A

Surgery

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12
Q

Overuse of a tendon, called _____ results in pain and inflammation

A

Tendonitis

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13
Q

A single cell of skeletal muscle tissue is called a

A

Muscle Fiber

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14
Q

The plasma membrane of a muscle cell is called a

A

Sarcolemma

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15
Q

The cytoplasm of a muscle cell is called

A

Sarcoplasm

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16
Q

Most of the energy for the contraction of a muscle cell is furnished by the ATP of the

A

Mitochondria

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17
Q

Calcium storage occurs at the _____ which is similar to the endoplasmic reticulum of other cells

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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18
Q

Between adjacent sarcoplasmic reticular sacs is a tube called the _____ which unites with the sarcolemma

A

Transverse (T) tubule

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19
Q

_____ are tiny parallel fibers which extend the length of a muscle fiber

A

Myofibrils

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20
Q

There are two types of protein filaments in myofibrils: _____ and ______

A

Thin filaments and thick filaments

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21
Q

Thick filaments are composed of _____

A

Myosin

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22
Q

Thin filaments are composed of _____, troponin and tropomyosin

A

Actin

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23
Q

The striations seen on a muscle cell are made of dark bands called _____ and light bands called _____

A

A bands; I bands

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24
Q

The segment of myofibril between two Z lines is called a _____S

A

Sarcomere

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25
The difference in charges (+ outside and - inside) across a plasma membrane causes a small voltage difference which is called
Resting membrane potential
26
The end of a motor neuron, a motor end place, and the narrow space in between is referred to as the
Neuromuscular Junction
27
Acetylcholine is located in tiny sacs called ____ which are located at the terminal end of motor neurons
Synaptic Vesicles
28
When a nerve or muscle cell is stimulated, there is a brief reversal of charges across the cell membrane. This reversal is called an
Action potential
29
The functional unit consisting of a single motor neuron and the many muscle fibers it stimulates is called a
Motor unit
30
______ is a term for a chemical that carries a signal from one nerve end to either another neuron or to a muscle cell
Neurotransmitter
31
ACh is an abbreviation for
Acetylcholine
32
For at rest muscle fibers, ATP is chemically attached to _____
Myosin proteins
33
For at rest muscle fibers, the thin filaments are ready with ____, _____ and _____
Actin, Troponin and Tropomyosin
34
What is the chemical stimulus that begins a muscle contraction
Acetylcholine release
35
What is the sequence of muscle contraction
1. Calcium binds to troponin molecules reshaping the actin and troponin molecules 2. Connections are made between thin and thick filaments 3. Calcium (with the catalyzing action of myosin) causes the release of potassium and energy from ATP molecules 4. Energy released in the breakdown of ATP increases body temperature (which is why the body becomes warm during exercise)
36
Simplified sequence of muscle contraction
1. Cross bridge formation 2. Cross bridge movement 3. Cross bridge release 4. Z lines of the sarcomere are shortened as they are drawn together
37
Rigor mortis can best be described as
Muscular rigidity due to unreleased cross bridges in the muscle cells
38
What biochemical change is most directly responsible for the return of a muscle fiber to a resting condition
Absence of calcium ions
39
What are examples of direct use of the energy from ATP breakdown
The mechanical movement of cross bridges The breakage of cross bridge attachments from thin filaments The return of calcium to the sarcoplasmic reticulum
40
What does soreness after exercise come from?
Lactic acid accumulation
41
T/F: In muscles that are exercised strenuously for a prolonged period of time, the oxygen debt may lead to muscle fatigue
True
42
T/F: Muscle fatigue is the inability of a muscle to contract normally
True
43
When a muscle contracts in a spasm without relaxing, the result is
A cramp
44
As the diameter of a muscle fiber increases, the strength of contraction
Increases
45
Where is skeletal muscle found
Attached to skeleton
46
How is skeletal muscle controlled
Voluntary
47
What is skeletal muscle's shape
Long, cylindrical
48
Are there striations in skeletal muscle
Present
49
Order of contraction speed race for skeletal muscle
Fastest
50
Order of contraction strength for skeletal muscle
Strongest
51
Order of contraction time for skeletal muscle
Least
52
Where is smooth muscle found
In walls of hollow organs
53
How is smooth muscle controlled
Involuntary
54
How is cardiac muscle controlled
Involuntary
55
Where is cardiac muscle found
In walls of heart
56
Smooth muscle shape
Spindle-shaped
57
Cardiac muscle shape
Cylindrical, branching
58
Are there striations in smooth muscle?
Absent
59
Are there striations in cardiac muscle?
Present
60
Order of contraction speed race for smooth muscle
Slowest
61
Order of contraction speed race for cardiac muscle
Medium
62
Order of contraction strength for smooth muscle
Weakest
63
Order of contraction strength for cardiac muscle
Medium
64
Order of contraction time for smooth muscle
Greatest
65
Order of contraction time for cardiac muscle
Intermediate
66
The weakest stimulus that can initiate a contraction
Threshold stimulus
67
A stimulus that is too weak to cause a contraction
Subthreshold Stimulus
68
The complete contraction of a muscle fiber in response to a stimulus above the minimum amount
All-or-none response
69
Addition of motor units as stimulus strength increases
Recruitment
70
A rapid response to a single stimulus, a basic unit of muscle contraction
Twitch
71
A muscle warm up phenomenon in which single twitches rapidly follow each other
Treppe
72
A second, stronger contraction when a muscle receives a second stimulus before the first contraction cycle is complete
Wave summation
73
A continuous contraction due to a fusion of twitches
Complete tetanus
74
A type of tetanus in which only a small number of fibers contract affecting posture
Muscle tone
75
The usual means of producing body movement
Isotonic contraction
76
Muscle tension, without shortening the muscle
Isometric contraction
77
Learning a new coordination action
Motor Skill Development
78
Sustained muscular efforts with benefit to cardiovascular and respiratory systems
Endurance
79
The point of attachment to the more stationary bone
Origin
80
The point of attachment to the more movable bone
Insertion
81
The coordinated response of a group of muscles that causes a body movement
Group Action
82
Muscles in a group which cause the desired action
Prime Movers
83
The muscles in a group that relax during the action
Antagonists
84
The muscles in a group which steady the movement
Synergists
85
The muscles in a group which stabilize the origin of the prime mover
Fixators
86
Sphere of the eye
Orbicularis Oris
87
Sphere of the mouth
Orbicularis Oculi
88
Trumpeter
Buccinator
89
Cheek
Zygomaticus
90
One who chews
Masseter
91
Breast bone, clavicle, breast-resembling process
Sternocleidomastoid
92
Table-like
Trapezius
93
One who raises the shoulder-blade
Levator scapulae
94
Saw
Serratus
95
Of the breast, small
Pectoralis Minor
96
Triangular
Deltoid
97
Rounded
Teres
98
Three heads in the arm
Triceps Brachii
99
Two heads in the arm
Biceps Brachii
100
Vertical presence of the abdomen
Rectus Abdominis
101
Great presence of the buttocks
Gluteus Maximus
102
Slender
Gracilis
103
Tenses fascia on the lateral
Tensor fascia latae
104
Tailor
Sartorius
105
Four heads of the femur
Quadriceps Femoris
106
Stomach of the lower leg
Gastrocnemius
107
Sole of the foot
Soleus
108
RICE stands for
Rest Ice Compression Elevation
109
The kissing muscles are ______ and the _____
Orbicularis Oculi/Buccinator
110
Largest muscle of the group which connects the pectoral girdle to the thorax is the
Trapezius
111
The muscle commonly known as the "lat" is the
Latissimus Dorsi
112
Injections are commonly given in a muscle called the
Deltoid
113
A vertical line (a ridge of connective tissue) extending from the sternum to the navel is called the
Linea Alba
114
A muscle which is a common site for injections in the hip area is the
Gluteus Medius
115
The _____ muscles acquire their name from the butcher shop where their tendons were used to suspend pig meat during curing
hamstring
116
The gastrocnemius and the soles insert via a common heel tendon known as the
Achilles Tendon

Anatomy (3 decks)

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