muscular system Flashcards
(33 cards)
what are muscle cells called
myocyte
what are muscle cells
specialised cells that have the ability to shorten or contract, creating movement
how do muscle cells create movement
due to the presence of intercellular contractile filaments
what three types of muscle
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
skeletal muscle
smooth muscle features
- not under voluntary control
- found inside body organs and hollow structures (bladder, uterus)
- may be found as individual cells or as sheets/bundles
features of the cardiac muscle
- forms majority of the heart
- contracts to push blood around body
- not under conscious control
features of the skeletal muscles
- found mostly outside the body & makes the walls of the body cavities
- functions to allow movement of body & skeleton
- typically has a muscle belly and attached at either end of a bone by tough fibrous tendon
tendons attach what to what?
muscle to bone
ligaments attach __ to __?
bone to bone
what are antagonistic muscles?
muscles that have opposite effect to each other on the position of a joint
each muscle cells contains what and why?
mitochondria to produce energy for the cell
the mitochondria in each muscle cell produces energy in the form of a chemical called?
ATP
what are ATP and calcium required for?
muscle contraction
What do individual muscle cells contain?
long filaments called myofilaments, known as actin and myosin
why do actin and myosin slide against each other?
to allow shortening of the muscle cell
muscle contraction requires?
- nerve stimulus
- energy in the form of ATP produced by mitochondria
- calcium
when a nerve impulse reaches the muscle, what occurs?
calcium is released from the muscle cells
what does calcium allow
allows attachment of actin and myosin so that linking and sliding of myofilaments can occur causing contraction
what is the neuromuscular junction
the space between one neutron (nerve cell) and a muscle
what are neurotransmitters
chemical messengers which travel from nerves to muscles
what is the process called that obtains ATP??”
aerobic glycolysis
when there is insufficient oxygen present, what happens?
the mitochondria cannot generate enough ATP
When the mitochondria cannot generate enough ATP; the muscle must revert to obtaining its energy through?
anaerobic glycolysis
what happens if lactic acidosis builds up in the muscles?
muscle fatigue
