Muscular System Part 2

Question 1

Specialized muscle tissue that forms in the heart

Answer 1

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Question 2

Cardiac muscle tissue contracts when it’s stimulated by its own

Answer 2

autorhythmic muscle fibers

Question 3

Cardiac Muscle Tissue is also known as

Answer 3

myocardium

Question 4

Is the movement of Cardiac Muscle Tissue voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 4

involuntary

Question 5

This connect the ends of cardiac muscle fibers to one another

Answer 5

Intercalated discs

Question 6

Does the Cardiac Muscle Tissue requires oxygen? Why?

Answer 6

Yes, once there is a depletion or absence of
oxygen, it will be difficult for the heart to pump blood.

Question 7

These muscle tissues are usually activated involuntarily and are controlled by the nervous system

Answer 7

Smooth Muscle Tissue

Question 8

Action potentials are spread through the fibers
by ___

Answer 8

gap junctions

Question 9

Is Smooth Muscle striated or not striated

Answer 9

not striated

Question 10

Refers to an increase in the number of fibers

Answer 10

Hyperplasia

Question 11

Growth of skeletal muscle after birth is
due mainly to _____

Answer 11

hypertrophy

Question 12

Muscles of the body are derived from ____

Answer 12

mesoderm

Question 13

Columns of mesoderm undergo segmentation
into structures called _____

Answer 13

somites

Question 14

Region in a somite that forms the skeletal muscles of the head, neck, and limbs

Answer 14

Myotome

Question 15

Region in a somite that forms the connective tissues, including the dermis of the skin

Answer 15

Dermatome

Question 16

Region in a somite that gives rise to the vertebrae

Answer 16

Sclerotome

Question 17

it forms the exoskeleton, and it would give rise to the nervous system and the epidermis.

Answer 17

ectoderm

Question 18

will give rise to the gut and many internal organs.

Answer 18

endoderm

Question 19

when you reach the age of 80 the muscle mass decreases where in 50% of the body’s muscle mass will be lost which is referred to as ____

Answer 19

sarcopenia

Question 20

the attachment to the stationary bone

Answer 20

Origin

Question 21

the attachment to the moveable bone

Answer 21

Insertion

Question 22

This muscle is used for the extension of the forearm to the elbow joint

Answer 22

triceps brachii

Question 23

This muscle is used for the flexion and supination of the forearm to the elbow joint.

Answer 23

biceps brachii

Question 24

A muscle movement that refers to bending a joint or decreasing the angle between two bones.

Answer 24

Flexion

Question 25

A muscle movement that refers to straightening a joint or increasing the angle between two bones.

Answer 25

Extension

Question 26

A muscle movement that refers to excessive extension of the parts at a joint beyond anatomical position.

Answer 26

Hyperextension

Question 27

A muscle movement that refers to moving a body part towards the midline of the body.

Answer 27

Adduction

Question 28

A muscle movement that refers to moving a body part away from the midline of the body.

Answer 28

Abduction

Question 29

A muscle movement that refers to turing the arm or foot downward (palm or sole of the foot – down).

Answer 29

Pronation

Question 30

A muscle movement that refers to turning the arm or foot upward (palm or sole of the foot – up).

Answer 30

Supination

Question 31

A muscle movement that refers to moving a part backward.

Answer 31

Retraction

Question 32

A muscle movement that refers to moving a part forward.

Answer 32

Protraction

Question 33

A muscle movement that refers to raising a part.

Answer 33

Elevation

Question 34

A muscle movement that refers to lowering a part

Answer 34

Depression

Question 35

A muscle movement that refers to turning on a single axis.

Answer 35

Rotation

Question 36

A muscle movement that refers to the tri-planar, circular motion at the hip or shoulder.

Answer 36

Circumduction

Question 37

A muscle movement that refers to the rotation of the hip or shoulder toward the midline.

Answer 37

Internal rotation

Question 38

A muscle movement that refers to the rotation of the hip or shoulder away from the midline.

Answer 38

External rotation

Question 39

A muscle movement that refers to the side bending left or right.

Answer 39

Lateral Flexion

Question 40

Bones serve as ______ and joint serve as _____

Answer 40

levers; fulcrums

Question 41

The fulcrum is in the middle of the effort and the load.

Answer 41

First-class lever

Question 42

The load is found at the middle of the fulcrum and the effort.

Answer 42

Second-class lever

Question 43

The effort is in between the fulcrum and the load

Answer 43

Third-class lever

Question 44

A fascicle arrangement wherein the fascicles are collateral to longitudinal axis of muscle; terminate at either end in flat tendons.

Answer 44

Parallel

Question 45

A fascicle arrangement wherein the fascicles are nearly parallel to longitudinal axis of muscle, terminate in flat tendons; muscle tapers toward tendons, where diameter is less than at belly.

Answer 45

Fusiform

Question 46

A fascicle arrangement wherein the fascicles are in concentric disk-like arrangements form sphincter muscles that enclose an orifice (opening).

Answer 46

Circular

Question 47

A fascicle arrangement wherein the fascicles spread over broad area converge at thick central tendon.

Answer 47

Triangular

Question 48

A fascicle arrangement wherein the fascicles are short in relation to total muscle length; tendon extends nearly entire length of muscle.

Answer 48

Pennate

Question 49

3 types of Pennate Fascicle Arrangement and differentiate the three.

Answer 49

Unipennate - Fascicles arranged on only one side of tendon. Bipennate - Fascicles arranged on both sides of centrally positioned tendons. Multipennate - Fascicles attach obliquely from many directions to several tendons.

Question 50

contracts to cause an action and can produce most of the force during the particular joint action

Answer 50

Agonist/prime mover

Question 51

stretches and yields to the effects of the prime mover or the muscles that oppose the prime movers

Answer 51

Antagonist

Question 52

prevents unwanted movement and can produce more power than a single larger muscle

Answer 52

Synergist

Question 53

Large class of drugs in which its mechanism of action is to work by reducing the body’s production of the chemicals called the prostaglandins

Answer 53

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Question 54

These are hormone-like substances that can trigger inflammation, fever, and pain.

Answer 54

Prostaglandins

Question 55

_____ are the injuries due to the over stretched muscles or tendons

Answer 55

Strains

Question 56

is a more serious injury that can result in the tearing of the tendons, ligaments, and some cases the cartilages of the joints

Answer 56

Sprains

Question 57

usually develops after a severe injury such as a car accident or broken bones

Answer 57

Acute compartment syndrome

Question 58

It is a compartment syndrome that refers to the pain and swelling caused by the exercise and are not severe and dangerous for the body.

Answer 58

Chronic compartment syndrome

Question 59

This is a painful heel condition that results from chronic irritation of the plantar aponeurosis at its origin on the calcaneus

Answer 59

Plantar Fasciitis

Question 60

Affects the gastrointestinal tract and various muscle groups.

Answer 60

Botulism

Question 61

Fairly common condition that causes chronic pain primarily in joints, muscles, and tendons.

Answer 61

Fibromyalgia

Question 62

Inherited disorder characterized by muscle weakness and a loss of muscle tissue.

Answer 62

Muscular Dystrophy

Question 63

Autoimmune condition in which patients experience muscle weakness

Answer 63

Myasthenia gravis

Question 64

A condition in which the kidney becomes damaged after serious muscle injuries.

Answer 64

Rhabdomyolysis

Question 65

Painful inflammation of a tendon.

Answer 65

Tendonitis

Question 66

Acquired or congenital; spasm or shortening of the sternocleidomastoid muscle; head bends to affected side and chin rotates to opposite side.

Answer 66

Torticollis

Question 67

Viral infection of the nerves that control skeletal muscle movement.

Answer 67

Poliomyelitis

Question 68

Direction: _____; Meaning: Parallel to midline

Answer 68

Rectus

Question 69

Direction: _____; Meaning: Perpendicular to midline

Answer 69

Transverse

Question 70

Direction: _____; Meaning: Diagonal to midline

Answer 70

oblique

Question 71

Size: ____; Meaning: Long

Answer 71

Longus

Question 72

Size: ____; Meaning: Short

Answer 72

Brevis

Question 73

Size: ____; Meaning: Widest

Answer 73

Latissimus

Question 74

Size: ____; Meaning: Longest

Answer 74

Longissimus

Question 75

Size: ____; Meaning: Huge

Answer 75

Vastus

Question 76

Shape____; Meaning: Comblike

Answer 76

Pectinate

Question 77

Shape____; Meaning: Circular

Answer 77

Orbicularis

Question 78

Shape____; Meaning: Saw-toothed

Answer 78

Serratus

Question 79

Shape____; Meaning: Pear-shaped

Answer 79

Piriformis

Question 80

Shape____; Meaning: Slender

Answer 80

Gracilis