Muscular Tissue

Question 1

is one of the four primary tissue types.

Answer 1

muscle

Question 2

these are the largest soft tissues of the musculoskeletal system.

Answer 2

muscle

Question 3

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 3

• skeletal muscle
• cardiac muscle
• smooth muscle

Question 4

three muscle types have some properties in common. what are these?

Answer 4

they all excitability as their plasma membranes change their electrical states (depolarisation).

Question 5

a type of striated muscle found specifically in the heart or myocardium.

Answer 5

cardiac muscle

Question 6

a structure specific to cardiac muscle formed from gap junctions and desmosomes that allow cardiac muscle cells to contract in a coordinated fashion

Answer 6

intercalated disc

Question 7

the term for a muscle cell that applies to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle

Answer 7

myofibers

Question 8

tube like organelle present in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle that coordinates contraction of the cell

Answer 8

myofibrils

Question 9

modified cardiomyocytes that propagate electrical signals through the cardiac muscle of the myocardium allowing coordinated contraction

Answer 9

purkinje fibers

Question 10

the basic functional unit of striated muscle that is composed of myofilaments.

Answer 10

sarcomere

Question 11

the organelle that is responsible for the storage and release of calcium into the cytosol of the myofiber.

Answer 11

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

a type of striated muscle responsible for voluntary movement

Answer 12

skeletal muscle

Question 13

non-striated muscle that is responsible for involuntary movement within several organ systems.

Answer 13

smooth muscle

Question 14

invaginations of the sarcolemma (cell membrane) into the cell that allows for the conduction of depolarization impulses from the outside of the cell to around the sarcomeres.

Answer 14

T tubules

Question 15

which move bones and other structure (e.g the eyes)

Answer 15

skeletal muscle

Question 16

which form most of the walls of the heart and adjacent great vessels such as the aorta

Answer 16

cardiac & smooth muscle

Question 17

muscles are classified histologically into striated muscles and non-striated muscles based on the structural characteristics called

Answer 17

striations

Question 18

skeletal and cardiac muscles are grouped as

Answer 18

striated muscles

Question 19

visceral muscle are grouped as

Answer 19

non-striated

Question 20

four main properties of muscle tissues

Answer 20

1. excitability
2. contractility
3. extensibility
4. elasticity

Question 21

the ability to respond to stimuli

Answer 21

excitability

Question 22

the ability to contract

Answer 22

contractility

Question 23

the ability of the muscle to be stretched without tearing

Answer 23

extensibility

Question 24

the ability to return to its normal shape

Answer 24

elasticity

Question 25

both cardiac muscle and smooth muscle can respond to other stimuli such as,

Answer 25

catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

Question 26

are specialized types of epithelium and fibroblasts. that have contractile ability.

Answer 26

myoepithelium and myofibroblasts

Question 27

often located in and around glands where extracellular product produced by the epithelial cells needs to be moved by contractile action towards the duct system.

Answer 27

myoepithelial cells

Question 28

are often seen in healing wounds and assist in the maturation and contraction of the granulation tissue as it matures and contracts.

Answer 28

myofibroblasts

Question 29

important functions of muscular system performs.

Answer 29

a. production of force and movement b. support of the body, change of body posture c. stability of joints d. production of body heat e. provision of form to the body

Question 30

predominantly powered by the oxidation of fats and carbohydrates but anaerobic chemical reactions are also used.

Answer 30

muscles

Question 31

are derived from mesenchyme

Answer 31

myoblasts

Question 32

develop from local populations of mesenchymal cells (splanchnic mesoderm)

Answer 32

cardiac and smooth muscle tissues

Question 33

develop from mesoderm within the somites

Answer 33

skeletal muscles

Question 34

Functions of Skeletal Muscle

Answer 34

• contract and cause movement • act not only to produce movement but also to stop movement • constant small contractions • prevent excess movement of the bones and joints • maintaining skeletal stability • preventing skeletal structure damage or deformation • allows voluntary control of specific functions, such as swallowing, urination, and defecation • protect internal organs • acting as an external barrier • shield to external trauma • supporting the weight of the organs • contribute to the generation of heat

Question 35

consist of various integrated tissues. these tissues include;

Answer 35

a. skeletal muscle fibers b. blood vessels c. nerve fibers d. connective tissue

Question 36

skeletal muscle has three levels of connective tissue that enclose it.

Answer 36

a. epimysium b. perimysium c. endomysium

Question 37

large muscle is wrapped in a sheath pf dense, irregular connective tissue

Answer 37

epimysium

Question 38

holds muscle fascicles in a group and allows a muscle to contract while maintaining its structural integrity.

Answer 38

epimysium

Question 39

this membranous envelope, or epimysium is impervious to the spread of fluid such as

Answer 39

pus

Question 40

allows the muscle to move independently from other muscle groups and other types of tissue.

Answer 40

epimysium

Question 41

term synonymous with muscle cell

Answer 41

muscle fiber

Question 42

a cell with multiple peripherally located muclei that runs the ENTIRE length of the actual muscle.

Answer 42

muscle fiber

Question 43

intermediate layer of connective tissue

Answer 43

perimysium

Question 44

extremely thin connective tissue layer

Answer 44

endomysium

Question 45

terminology associated with muscle fibers is rooted in the greek sarco which means

Answer 45

flesh

Question 46

plasma membrane of muscle fibers

Answer 46

sarcolemma

Question 47

specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum that stores and controls the release of calcium ions

Answer 47

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 48

individual sarcomeres sre joined together in a long chain

Answer 48

myofibril

Question 49

bundled together within the sarcoplasm

Answer 49

myofibrilz

Question 50

conveys the action potential from the sarcolemma into the cell in order to stimulate the myofibrils

Answer 50

T tubules

Question 51

2 structures important in cardiac muscle contraction

Answer 51

gap junctions and desmosomes

Question 52

this joining allowsthe quick transmission of action potentials and the coordinated contraction of the entire heart.

Answer 52

electric coupling

Question 53

this network of electrically connected cardiac muscle cells creates a functional unit of contraction.

Answer 53

syncytium

Question 54

a cell structure that anchors the ends of cardiac muscle fibers together

Answer 54

desmosome

Question 55

controlled by specialized cardiac muscle cells. directly control heart rate

Answer 55

pacemaker cells

Question 56

wave pf contraction that allows the heart to work as a unit

Answer 56

functional syncytium

Question 57

group of cells is self-excitable and able to depolarize to threshold and fire action potentials on their own, a feature called;

Answer 57

autorhythmicity

Question 58

regulatory protein that facilitates contraction in smooth muscles

Answer 58

calmodulin

Question 59

sarcoplasmic structure that attaches to the sarcolemma and shortens the muscle as thin filaments slide past thick filaments

Answer 59

dense body

Question 60

process in which one cell splits to produce new cells

Answer 60

hyperplasia

Question 61

subset of a cross-bridge in which actin and myosin remain locked together

Answer 61

latch-bridges

Question 62

cell that triggers action potentials in smooth muscle

Answer 62

pacesetter cell

Question 63

relaxation of smooth muscle tissue after being stretched

Answer 63

stress-relaxation response

Question 64

enlargement of neurons that release neurotransmitter into synaptic clefts.

Answer 64

varicosity

Question 65

smooth muscle found in the walls of visceral organs

Answer 65

visceral muscle

Question 66

triggers for smooth muscle contraction

Answer 66

hormones