Muscular Tissue

Question 1

It is composed of cells that optimize the universal cell property of CONTRACTILITY.

Answer 1

Muscle Tissue

Question 2

What are the THREE TYPES of Muscle Tissue?

Answer 2

1. Skeletal Muscle
2. Cardiac Muscle
3. Smooth Muscle

Question 3

It contains BUNDLES OF VERY LONG, MULTI-NUCLEATED CELLS with CROSS-STRIATIONS.

Answer 3

Skeletal Muscle

Question 4

It has CROSS-STRIATIONS and is COMPOSED OF ELONGATED, often BRANCHED CELLS bound to one another at structures called INTERCALATED DISCS, which are unique to cardiac muscle.

Answer 4

Cardiac Muscle

Question 5

It consists of collections of FUSIFORM CELLS, which LACK STRIATIONS, HAVE SLOW INVOLUNTARY CONTRACTION.

Answer 5

Smooth Muscle

Question 6

It is the CYTOPLASM of muscle cells often called?

Answer 6

Sarcoplasm

Question 7

It is the SMOOTH ER of muscle cells?

Answer 7

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Question 8

the MUSCLE CELL MEMBRANE and its external lamina are the?

Answer 8

Sarcolemma

Question 9

The process of TISSUE GROWTH is characterized by INCREASED CELL VOLUME.

Answer 9

Hypertrophy

Question 10

The process of TISSUE GROWTH by an INCREASED in the NUMBER OF CELLS.

Answer 10

Hyperplasia

Question 11

It consists of MUSCLE FIBERS, which are LONG, CYLINDRICAL MULTINUCLEATED CELLS with diameters of 10-100 μm.

Answer 11

Skeletal Muscle

Question 12

A SMALL POPULATION of RESERVEV PROGENITOR CELLS called muscle?

Answer 12

Satellite Cells

Question 13

Organization of Skeletal Muscle

It is an EXTERNAL SHEATH of DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE, that surrounds the entire muscle.

Answer 13

Epimysium

Question 14

Organization of Skeletal Muscle

A THIN CONNECTIVE TISSUE LAYER that immediately surrounds each BUNDLE OF MUSCLE FIBERS termed a FASCICLE.

Answer 14

Perimysium

Question 15

Organization of Skeletal Muscle

VERY THIN, DELICATE LAYER OF RETICULAR FIBERS, and SCATTERED FIBROBLASTS that enveloped individual muscle fiber.

Answer 15

Endomysium

Question 16

All three layers plus the DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE of the DEEP FASCIA, which overlies the epimysium, are continuous with the tough connective tissue of a tendon at what?

Which joins the muscle to the bone, skin, or another muscle.

Answer 16

Myotendinous Junctions

Question 17

The sarcoplasm is HIGHLY ORGANIZED, CONTAINING PRIMARILY LONG CYLINDRICAL FILAMENTS BUNDLES called?

Answer 17

Myofibrils

Question 18

The DARK BANDS on the MYOFIBRILS are called?

Answer 18

A bands

Question 19

The LIGHT BANDS on the MYOFIBRILS are called?

Answer 19

I bands

Question 20

The DARK TRANSVERSE LINE on the MYOFIBRILS is called?

Answer 20

Z discs

Question 21

The A and I BANDING PATTERN in SARCOMERES is due mainly to the regular arrangement of thick and thin myofilaments, composed of?

Answer 21

Myosin and F-actin

Question 22

It is a LARGE COMPLEX with TWO IDENTICAL HEAVY CHAINS and TWO PAIRS OF LIGHT CHAIN.

Answer 22

Myosin

Question 23

A THIN, HELICAL FILAMENTS that run BETWEEN THE THICK FILAMENTS.

Answer 23

F-actin

Question 24

What are the TWO TIGHTLY ASSOCIATED regulatory proteins in the thin filaments?

Answer 24

1. Tropomyosin
2. Troponin (TnC, TnT, TnI)

Question 25

A 40-nm-long coil of TWO POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS located in the groove between the two twisted actin strands.

Answer 25

Tropomyosin

Question 26

A complex of THREE SUBUNITS: TnT, which attaches to tropomyosin; TnC, which binds Ca2+; and TnI, which regulates the actin-myosin interaction.

Answer 26

Troponin

Question 27

Actin filaments are ANCHORED perpendicularly on the Z DISC by the actin-binding protein.

Answer 27

α-actinin

Question 28

It SUPPORTS the THICK MYOFILAMENTS and CONNECTS them to the Z disc.

Answer 28

Titin

Question 29

BINDS EACH thin myofilament laterally.

Answer 29

Nebulin

Question 30

Parts or involved in the I band?

Answer 30

1. α-actinin 2. Titin 3. Nebulin

Question 31

Parts or involved in the A band?

Answer 31

1. H zone 2. M line

Question 32

It contains a MYOSIN-BINDING PROTEIN that HOLDS THICK FILAMENTS.

Answer 32

Myomesin

Question 33

This ENZYME CATALYZE is the TRANSFER OF PHOSPHATE GROUP from PHOSPHOCREATINE, a storage form of high-energy phosphate groups, to ADP, helping to supply ATP for muscle contraction.

Answer 33

Creatine Kinase

Question 34

The corresponding to a region with only the ROD-LIKE PORTIONS of the MYOSIN MOLECULE and NO THIN FILAMENTS.

Answer 34

H zone

Question 35

BISECTS the H zone that CONTAINS MYOMESIN & CREATINE KINASE.

Answer 35

M line

Question 36

It is the TWO-TERMINAL CISTERNS of SR contact a deep invagination of the SARCOLEMMA that has TUBULAR INFOLDINGS.

Answer 36

Transverse or T-tubules

Question 37

Cisternae that are ADJACENT TO T-TUBULES forming a TRIAD.

Answer 37

Terminal Cisternae

Question 38

It is the contraction induced when an action potential arrives at a synapse and is transmitted along the T-tubules to terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum to trigger Ca2+ release.

Answer 38

Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)

Question 39

It is the SENSORY RECEPTOR that PROVIDES THE CNS with DATA from the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM.

Answer 39

Proprioceptors

Question 40

SENSORY PROPRIOCEPTOR in which SENSORY AXONS wrap around intrafusal fibers in small specialized fascicles; mediate reflexes of varying complexity.

Answer 40

Muscle spindles

Question 41

SMALLER ENCAPSULATED STRUCTURES that enclose SENSORY AXONS penetrating among the COLLAGEN FIBERS at the MYOTENDINOUS JUNCTION; detect changes in tension within tendons.

Answer 41

Golgi Tendon Organ

Question 42

SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER TYPES MUSCLE FIBERS are ADAPTED FOR SLOW CONTRACTIONS over long periods WITHOUT FATIGUE.

Answer 42

Slow Oxidative Fiber

Question 43

SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER TYPES Fibers are SPECIALIZED for RAPID, SHORT-TERM CONTRACTIONS.

Answer 43

Fast Glycolytic Fiber

Question 44

SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER TYPES Fibers that have PHYSIOLOGICAL and HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES intermediate between those of the other two types.

Answer 44

Fast Oxidative-glycolytic Fibers

Question 45

TRANSVERSE LINES that cross the FIBERS at IRREGULAR INTERVALS where the myocardial cells join.

Answer 45

Intercalated Discs

Question 46

It represents the INTERFACES BETWEEN ADJACENT CELLS and consists of many JUNCTIONAL COMPLEXES.

Answer 46

Intercalated Discs

Question 47

TRANSVERSE REGION of THESE IRREGULAR, STEP-LIKE DISCS are composed of what?

Answer 47

Many desmosomes and fascia adherens

Question 48

The LESS ABUNDANT longitudinally oriented regions of EACH INTERCALATED DISCS run parallel to the myofibrils and are filled with? That provides ionic continuity between the cells.

Answer 48

Gap Junctions

Question 49

It contains the MAJOR ION CHANNELS that control Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic cisternae at myofibrils that initiate contraction.

Answer 49

Caveolae

Question 50

Fibers of smooth muscle also called?

Answer 50

Visceral Muscle

Question 51

These are ELONGATED, TAPERING, and UNSTRIATED CELLS, each of which is enclosed by an external lamina and a network of type I and type III collagen fibers comprising the endomysium.

Answer 51

Visceral Muscle

Question 52

The SOURCE OF REGENERATING CELLS is the sparse population of mesenchymal.

Answer 52

Satellite Cells

Question 53

Where is the Skeletal Muscle located?

Answer 53

1. Attaches to the bone via tendon 2. Tongue 3. Diaphram 4. Eye Socket 5. Upper Esophagus

Question 54

Where is the Cardiac Muscle located?

Answer 54

The thick middle layer of the heart

Question 55

Where is the Smooth Muscle located?

Answer 55

Stomach and Intestines