Musculature of the Neck

Question 1

Name the two superficial muscles

Answer 1

Platysma

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

Question 2

Platysma: (Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action)

Answer 2

O: Fascia & skin over pectoralis major & deltoid muscle

I: Inferior border of mandible & skin of lower face

N: CN 7 - cervical branch

A: tenses skin of neck
depresses angles of mouth
weak mandible depressor

Question 3

Sternocleidomastoid: O, I, N, A

Answer 3

O: Sternal Head - anterior manubrium
Clavicular Head - medial 1/3 clavicle

I: Sternal Head - mastoid process of temporal bone
Clavicular Head - later 1/2 superior nuchal line of occipital bone

N: CN 11 (Accessory Nerve)

A: unilaterally - ipsilateral lateral flexion AND rotation to opposite side

Question 4

Name the Infrahyoid muscles

Answer 4

Sternohyoid
Thryohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid

Question 5

Name the Suprahyoid muscles

Answer 5

Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Stylohyoid
Digastric

Question 6

Sternohyoid

Answer 6

O: Posterior surface of manubrium and medial clavicle

I: Body of hyoid

N: Ansa cervicalis

A: Depresses hyoid

Question 7

Thyrohyoid

Answer 7

O: Thyroid cartilage

I: body and greater horn of hyoid

N: (VPR) C1 via CN XII

A: depresses hyoid and elevates thyroid cartilage

Question 8

Sternothyroid

Answer 8

O: Posterior manubrium of sternum

I: Thyroid cartilage

N: Ansa cervicalis

A: Depresses the thyroid cartilage (larynx)

Question 9

Omohyoid

Answer 9

O: Inferior Belly - superior border of scapula
Superior Belly - intermediate tendon

I: Inferior Belly - intermediate tendon
Superior Belly - body of hyoid

N: Ansa cervicalis

A: Depresses, retracts and stabilizes hyoid

Question 10

Mylohyoid

Answer 10

O: mylohyoid line of mandible (floor of mouth)

I: raphe and body of hyoid

N: mylohyoid nerve (branch of V3…CN 5)

A: elevates hyoid and tongue during speech and swallowing

Question 11

Geniohyoid

Answer 11

O: inferior mental spine of mandible

I: body of hyoid

N: branch of C1 via CN XII

A: pulls hyoid anterosuperiorly –> widens pharynx

Question 12

Stylohyoid

Answer 12

O: styloid process of temporal bone

I: body of hyoid

N: CN 7

A: elevates and retracts hyoid (elongates floor of mouth)

Question 13

Digastric

Answer 13

O: Anterior Belly - digastric fossa of mandible
Posterior Belly - mastoid notch of temp. bone

I: Intermediate tendon to hyoid

N: Anterior belly - mylohyoid nerve (branch V3…CN5)
Posterior belly - CN 7

A: depresses mandible, elevates hyoid

Question 14

Name the 3 scalene muscles

Answer 14

Scalene anterior
Scalene medius
Scalene posterior

Question 15

Scalene anterior

Answer 15

O: transverse processes C3-6

I: 1st rib

N: VPR of adjacent cervical nerves

A: lateral flexion of the cervical spine
assists in rotating neck to opposite side

Question 16

Scalene medius

Answer 16

O: transverse process C2-7

I: superior surface 1st rib

N: VPR of adjacent cervical nerves

A: elevates 1st rib (inspiration)
lateral flexion of cervical spine

Question 17

Scalene posterior

Answer 17

O: transverse process C4-6

I: outer surface 2nd rib

N: VPR of adjacent cervical nerves

A: lateral flexion of the cervical spine
elevates 2nd rib (inspiration)

Question 18

Name the prevertebral muscles

Answer 18

Longus coli (cervicus)
Longus capitis
Rectus capitis anterior
Rectus capitis lateralis

Question 19

Longus coli (cervicus)

Answer 19

O: vertebral bodies C5-T3
transverse processes C3-5

I: body C2-4
transverse processes C5-6
anterior tubercle of atlas

N: VPR of cervical nerves

A: flexes head and neck

Question 20

Longus capitis

Answer 20

O: anterior tubercles transverse processes C3-6

I: base of skull

N: VPR of cervical nerves

A: flexes head and neck

Question 21

Rectus capitis anterior

Answer 21

O: lateral mass of atlas

I: base of skull anterior to occiptial condyle

N: VPR of cervical nerves

A: flexes head

Question 22

Rectus capitis lateralis

Answer 22

O: transverse process of atlas

I: jugular process of occipital bone

N: VPR of cervical nerves

A: flexes head