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Kinesiology Exam 1 > Musculature of the Shoulder > Flashcards

Musculature of the Shoulder Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

elevation

A

require muscle activity to overcome or control the weight of the limb and its load

usually involves glenohumeral flexion and/or ABD and scap upward rotation

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2
Q

muscles included in elevation

A

deltoid

supraspinatus

infraspinatus and teres minor

subscapularis

biceps

pec major

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3
Q

deltoid in elevation

A

middle deltoid is always active

anterior deltoid is for flexion

posterior deltoid is for extension

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4
Q

when are the anterior and middle heads optimally aligned for elevation

A

in the scapular plane

30-45 degrees in front of the coronal plane

when the humerus is in plane of the scapula

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5
Q

what happens as the humerus continues to elevate

A

fibers of the deltoid are becoming actively insufficient

more motor units are recruited to maintain tension

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6
Q

how can we prevent active insufficiency of the deltoid during elevation

A

the deltoid is strongly dependent on simultaneous scapular movement

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7
Q

what else is the deltoid actively dependent on during elevation

A

intact rotator cuff

w/ a complete rupture of RC, deltoid actively will result in a shrug rather than ABD

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8
Q

how does the deltoid depend on the RC during elevation

A

as the deltoid draws the humeral head up

the RC tugs on the head and centers it in the glenoid fossa

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9
Q

supraspinatus during elevation

A

working in all active planes of elevation

will provide a depressing force, offsetting the deltoid’s superior shearing effect

has secondary functions as well

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10
Q

how does the supraspinatus provide a depressing force

A

tendon will become shorter and widen and push down (vertical motion)

keeps the humeral head away from the acromion by depressing it

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11
Q

secondary functions of the supraspinatus during elevation

A

acts as a vertical steerer of the humeral head

assists in maintaining the stability of the dependent arm

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12
Q

infraspinatus and teres minor in elevation

A

compress the GH joint

act in a force couple to depress the humeral head during elevation, allowing for humeral rotation

serve as a posterior barrier against translation

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13
Q

subscapularis in elevation

A

acts synergistically w/ the posterior cuff muscles to depress and compress the humeral head

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14
Q

biceps in elevation

A

long head can assist with ABD when the humerus is in ER

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15
Q

pec minor in elevation

A

only contributes to flexion of GH

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16
Q

muscles that perform extension GH joint

A

posterior deltoid

latissimus dorsi

teres major

infraspinatus

teres minor

triceps

middle deltoid

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17
Q

ER GH joint muscles

A

infraspinatus

posterior deltoid

teres minor

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18
Q

muscles that help with ER beyond 30 degrees

A

scapular adductors

trapezius

rhomboids

stabilize the origin of the infraspinatus, posterior delt and teres minor, preventing the medial border of the scap from winging

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19
Q

IR GH joint muscles

A

subscapularis

teres major

pectoralis major

latissimus dorsi

anterior deltoid muscles

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20
Q

what are the scapulothoracic muscles

A

traps (all)

serratus anterior

levator scap

rhomboids

pec minor

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21
Q

what do the scapulothoracic muscles do

A

provide a stable yet mobile base from which the GH joint and associated muscles can function

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22
Q

upward rotation muscles (ST)

Study These Flashcards
A

serratus anterior and trapezius force couple

middle traps and rhomboids

23
Q

4 functions of serratus anterior and trapezius force couple

Study These Flashcards
A

orient the scapula

provide scapular upward rotation

prevent impingement

provide a stable base

24
Q
  1. orient the scapula
Study These Flashcards
A

will maintain the glenoid fossa in an appropriate position to support the humeral head

25
2. provide scapular upward rotation
this will maintain efficient length of the deltoid fibers through the ROM this enhances the power and stabilizing effect
26
3. prevent impingement
the upward rotation will prevent impingement of the RC and bursa in the subacromial space
27
4. provide a stable base
for the axiohumeral and scapulohumeral muscles that are moving the arm against gravity
28
middle traps and rhomboid upward rotation
active in humeral elevation, esp ABD stabilizing synergists to the muscles tha rotate the scapula contract eccentrically to control the motion created by the traps-serratus anterior force couple
29
muscles of shoulder depression
latissimus dorsi and pectoralis muscles
30
shoulder depression
forceful downward movements of the arm in relation to the trunk forceful movement of the trunk upward in relation to the fixed arm
31
what does the scapula tend to do during humeral motion
rotate downward and ADD
32
lattissimus dorsi during downward rotation when the arm is free
adduct, medially rotate, and extend the humerus adduct and depress the scap
33
lattissimus dorsi during downward rotation when the arm is fixed
lifting the body up as in a seated push up reverse action of a muscle
34
pectoralis major during upward rotation
primary depressors of the shoulder complex
35
pectoralis minor
will assist with depression acts directly on the scapula to depress and rotate downward
36
scapulohumeral rhythm
essential for normal shoulder function synchronous motion of the humerus and scapula during arm elevation coordinated movements of the shoulder of the shoulder girdle provide the smoothest and greatest ROM possible for the upper extremity
37
can GH motion alone have full ROM
not for full ROM in flexion or ABD the rest of the motion is contributed by the scapulothoracic joint through SC and AC linkages
38
ration of scapulohumeral rhythm
2:1 for every 2 degrees of humeral movement there is 1 degree of scapular motion
39
what joints are included in scapulohumeral rhythm
scapulothoracic GH SC AC
40
what chain is the scapulothoracic joint
closes kinematic chain movement of the scap can only occur through movement of the SC and AC joints
41
if movement occurs in one place
movement will occur is another place
42
phase one of scapulohumeral rhythm
the setting phase when the humerus elevates up to 30 degrees of ABD or 60 degrees of flexion scapula seeks a position of stability on the thoracic wall
43
where does motion primarily take place during phase 1
GH joint
44
what does the scap begin to do during the setting phase
scapula begins to link with the clavicle ligaments and capsule tighten so they will move together
45
phase 2 of scapulohumeral rhythm
occurs from 30 degrees of ABD and 60 degrees of flexion to 150 degrees of both motions GH contribution decreases and scapulothoracic joint increases and upwardly rotates
46
how does upward rotation occur (phase 2)
upper and lower traps w/ the serratus anterior AC motion is prevented d/t the conoid ligaments, so motion must occur elsewhere --> SC joint --> clavicle elevates clavicular elevation causes 30 degrees of upward rotation clavicular elevation (90 degrees) is checked by the costoclavicular ligs AC joint permits some winging and tipping to maintain contact b/w the scap and thoracic wall by this point there is 90 degrees of either flexion or ABD
47
as phase 2 continues
upward rotation is restrained by the costoclavicular ligaments and coracoclavicular ligaments muscles continue to produce force, coracoid continues to move inferiorly, causing more clavicular rotation this carries the scap through another 30 degrees of upward rotation continued winging and tipping of the scap via the AC joint
48
phase 3
ranges from 150-180 degrees of flexion or ABD GH contribution increases and ST decreases to complete ABD the humerus must ER for full flexion, the scap must ABD and upwardly rotate (keeps the glenoid in good alignment w/ shaft of the humerus)
49
rotator cuff
supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis "S.I.T.S" muscles
50
important role of the RC
shoulder elevation and reinforcing the joint capsule
51
what does the RC do during shoulder elevation
will secure the humerus to the glenoid fossa and compress the joint adds dynamic stability to the shoulder
52
what does the RC do during ABD
ER the humerus (infraspinatus and teres minor) at the end of ROM of ABD
53
force couple in RC
deltoid/supraspinatus with infraspinatus and teres minor
54
without adequate strength of the RC muscles
there is risk of injury

Kinesiology Exam 1 (9 decks)

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