musculo-skeletal system

Question 1

agonist

Answer 1

muscle which controls the movement

Question 2

agonist for eccentric knee flexion (occurs when lowering)

Answer 2

quadriceps

Question 3

agonist for hip flexion

Answer 3

illiopsoas

Question 4

agonist for horizontal adduction at the shoulder

Answer 4

pectorals/deltoid

Question 5

agonist for knee extension

Answer 5

quadriceps

Question 6

agonist for plantarflexion

Answer 6

gastrocnemius

Question 7

agonist in elbow flexion in lowering phase of press up

Answer 7

tricep

Question 8

anatomical position

Answer 8

an upright standing position with head, shoulders, chest, palms of hands, hips, knees and toes facing forward

Question 9

ankle joint actions

Answer 9

• dorsi flexion
• plantar flexion

Question 10

ankle joint: type and articulating bones

Answer 10

• hinge
• tibia, fibula and talus

Question 11

antagonist

Answer 11

allows the movement to take place

Question 12

antagonistic muscle action

Answer 12

as one muscle shortens to produce movement, another muscle lengthens to allow that movement to take place

Question 13

antagonsitic pair for the elbow

Answer 13

bicep / tricep

Question 14

articulating bones of the ankle

Answer 14

fibula, tibia and talus

Question 15

articulating bones of the elbow

Answer 15

radius, ulna and humerus

Question 16

articulating bones of the hip

Answer 16

pelvis + femur

Question 17

articulating bones of the knee

Answer 17

femur + tibia

Question 18

articulating bones of the shoulder

Answer 18

humerous + scapula

Question 19

concentric contraction

Answer 19

a type of isotonic contraction that involved the muscle shortening while producing tension

Question 20

dorsiflexion

Answer 20

raising the toes (ankle flexion)

Question 21

eccentric

Answer 21

muscle lengthens as it contracts

Question 22

elbow joint actions

Answer 22

flexion/ extension at the arm

Question 23

elbow: joint type and articulating bones

Answer 23

hinge
humerous, radius, ulna

Question 24

extension

Answer 24

increasing the angle between the bones of a joint

Question 25

femur

Answer 25

the longest and thickest bone of the human skeleton

Question 26

fibula

Answer 26

the outer and thinner of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle

Question 27

flexion

Answer 27

decreasing the angle between bones and joint

Question 28

gastrocnemius

Answer 28

muscle in calf that causes plantar flexion

Question 29

gluteals

Answer 29

at back of hip causing extension and hyperextension

Question 30

hamstrings

Answer 30

back of thigh causing flexion at the knee

Question 31

hinge joint

Answer 31

is found at the elbow, knee, ankle, and fingers, allows a joint to bend and straighten promoting rotation

Question 32

hip - joint actions

Answer 32

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, horizontal abduction, horizontal adduction

Question 33

hip - joint type and articulalting bones

Answer 33

ball and socket femur, pelvis

Question 34

hip flexors

Answer 34

muscles at the front of hip that causes hip flexion

Question 35

hyperextension

Answer 35

increasing the angle between bones of a joint beyond 180°

Question 36

isometric contraction

Answer 36

tension is produced in the muscle but there is no change in muscle length. it is a static contraction because the joint will stay in the same position

Question 37

isotonic contraction

Answer 37

muscle changes length

Question 38

knee joint actions

Answer 38

flexion/extension in leg

Question 39

knee - joint type and articlating bones

Answer 39

hinge tibia, femur

Question 40

main agonist at the shoulder

Answer 40

deltoids

Question 41

main agonist for hip movements

Answer 41

gluteals

Question 42

plane and axis for abduction/adduction

Answer 42

frontal plane/sagittal axis

Question 43

plane and axis for flexion/extension

Answer 43

saggital plane and transverse axis

Question 44

plane and axis for horizontal flexion/extension

Answer 44

transverse plane plane and longitudinal axis

Question 45

what role do the rotator cuff muscles play?

Answer 45

- improve the stability of the shoulder joint - help to hold the head of the humerus in contact with the glenoid fossa of the scapula - preventing the large muscle groups from displacing the head of the humerus during movement of the shoulder

Question 46

ligaments

Answer 46

- these are very strong bands of tough fibrous tissue which are fixed to the bones in a joint - they help to keep the joint in place, thus preventing dislocation

Question 47

3 types of muscle fibres

Answer 47

Slow twitch fibres - Type 1. Fast Oxidative Glycolytic (FOG) - Type 2a. Fast Glycolytic (FG) - Type 2b.

Question 48

myoglobin

Answer 48

carries oxygen within a muscle to mitochondria

Question 49

what are the three responses to the muscular system?

Answer 49

- increased metabolism - increased localised muscle temperature - force production from fibre recruitment

Question 50

what are the aerobic adaptations made to type I muscle fibres?

Answer 50

- increased myoglobin - increased mitochondria - decreased fat deposited in muscle belly - increased muscle glycogen storea - increased fat metabolism in muscle

Question 51

explain how muscles can produce movement.

Answer 51

- muscles work in antagonistic pairs - prime mover (agonist) creates a concentric contraction by shortening the muscle length and pulls on the moving bone - meanwhile the antagonist allows the shortening to happen

Question 52

agonist for horizontal flexion at the shoulder

Answer 52

pectorals

Question 53

sagittal plane

Answer 53

divides the body to left and right

Question 54

transverse plane

Answer 54

divides body into upper and lower parts

Question 55

frontal plane

Answer 55

divides the body into front and back

Question 56

longitudinal axis

Answer 56

imaginary line that passes through the body (joint) from top to bottom partners the horizontal plane

Question 57

transverse axis

Answer 57

imaginary line that passes through thr body (joint) from left to right- partners the saigttal plane

Question 58

sagittal axis

Answer 58

imaginary line that passes through the body (joint) from front to back- partners the frontal plane