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pe taylor > musculo-skeletal system > Flashcards

musculo-skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

agonist

A

muscle which controls the movement

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2
Q

agonist for eccentric knee flexion (occurs when lowering)

A

quadriceps

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3
Q

agonist for hip flexion

A

illiopsoas

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4
Q

agonist for horizontal adduction at the shoulder

A

pectorals/deltoid

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5
Q

agonist for knee extension

A

quadriceps

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6
Q

agonist for plantarflexion

A

gastrocnemius

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7
Q

agonist in elbow flexion in lowering phase of press up

A

tricep

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8
Q

anatomical position

A

an upright standing position with head, shoulders, chest, palms of hands, hips, knees and toes facing forward

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9
Q

ankle joint actions

A
  • dorsi flexion
  • plantar flexion
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10
Q

ankle joint: type and articulating bones

A
  • hinge
  • tibia, fibula and talus
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11
Q

antagonist

A

allows the movement to take place

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12
Q

antagonistic muscle action

A

as one muscle shortens to produce movement, another muscle lengthens to allow that movement to take place

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13
Q

antagonsitic pair for the elbow

A

bicep / tricep

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14
Q

articulating bones of the ankle

A

fibula, tibia and talus

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15
Q

articulating bones of the elbow

A

radius, ulna and humerus

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16
Q

articulating bones of the hip

A

pelvis + femur

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17
Q

articulating bones of the knee

A

femur + tibia

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18
Q

articulating bones of the shoulder

A

humerous + scapula

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19
Q

concentric contraction

A

a type of isotonic contraction that involved the muscle shortening while producing tension

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20
Q

dorsiflexion

A

raising the toes (ankle flexion)

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21
Q

eccentric

A

muscle lengthens as it contracts

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22
Q

elbow joint actions

A

flexion/ extension at the arm

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23
Q

elbow: joint type and articulating bones

A

hinge
humerous, radius, ulna

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24
Q

extension

A

increasing the angle between the bones of a joint

25
Q

femur

A

the longest and thickest bone of the human skeleton

26
Q

fibula

A

the outer and thinner of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle

27
Q

flexion

A

decreasing the angle between bones and joint

28
Q

gastrocnemius

A

muscle in calf that causes plantar flexion

29
Q

gluteals

A

at back of hip causing extension and hyperextension

30
Q

hamstrings

A

back of thigh causing flexion at the knee

31
Q

hinge joint

A

is found at the elbow, knee, ankle, and fingers, allows a joint to bend and straighten promoting rotation

32
Q

hip - joint actions

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, horizontal abduction, horizontal adduction

33
Q

hip - joint type and articulalting bones

A

ball and socket
femur, pelvis

34
Q

hip flexors

A

muscles at the front of hip that causes hip flexion

35
Q

hyperextension

A

increasing the angle between bones of a joint beyond 180°

36
Q

isometric contraction

A

tension is produced in the muscle but there is no change in muscle length. it is a static contraction because the joint will stay in the same position

37
Q

isotonic contraction

A

muscle changes length

38
Q

knee joint actions

A

flexion/extension in leg

39
Q

knee - joint type and articlating bones

A

hinge
tibia, femur

40
Q

main agonist at the shoulder

A

deltoids

41
Q

main agonist for hip movements

A

gluteals

42
Q

plane and axis for abduction/adduction

A

frontal plane/sagittal axis

43
Q

plane and axis for flexion/extension

A

saggital plane and transverse axis

44
Q

plane and axis for horizontal flexion/extension

A

transverse plane plane and longitudinal axis

45
Q

what role do the rotator cuff muscles play?

A
  • improve the stability of the shoulder joint
  • help to hold the head of the humerus in contact with the glenoid fossa of the scapula
  • preventing the large muscle groups from displacing the head of the humerus during movement of the shoulder
46
Q

ligaments

A
  • these are very strong bands of tough fibrous tissue which are fixed to the bones in a joint
  • they help to keep the joint in place, thus preventing dislocation
47
Q

3 types of muscle fibres

A

Slow twitch fibres - Type 1. Fast Oxidative Glycolytic (FOG) - Type 2a. Fast Glycolytic (FG) - Type 2b.

48
Q

myoglobin

A

carries oxygen within a muscle to mitochondria

49
Q

what are the three responses to the muscular system?

A
  • increased metabolism
  • increased localised muscle temperature
  • force production from fibre recruitment
50
Q

what are the aerobic adaptations made to type I muscle fibres?

A
  • increased myoglobin
  • increased mitochondria
  • decreased fat deposited in muscle belly
  • increased muscle glycogen storea
  • increased fat metabolism in muscle
51
Q

explain how muscles can produce movement.

A
  • muscles work in antagonistic pairs
  • prime mover (agonist) creates a concentric contraction by shortening the muscle length and pulls on the moving bone
  • meanwhile the antagonist allows the shortening to happen
52
Q

agonist for horizontal flexion at the shoulder

A

pectorals

53
Q

sagittal plane

A

divides the body to left and right

54
Q

transverse plane

A

divides body into upper and lower parts

55
Q

frontal plane

A

divides the body into front and back

56
Q

longitudinal axis

A

imaginary line that passes through the body (joint) from top to bottom partners the horizontal plane

57
Q

transverse axis

A

imaginary line that passes through thr body (joint) from left to right- partners the saigttal plane

58
Q

sagittal axis

A

imaginary line that passes through the body (joint) from front to back- partners the frontal plane

pe taylor (7 decks)

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